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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Celempong Muzik Tradisional Negeri Sembilan</text>
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                <text>Jikalau dipandang dari segi kajian etnomuzikologi celempong adalah tergolong dalam kategori 'idiophone'. Di dalam kumpulan ini, alat muzik diketuk atau dipukul untuk menghasilkan bunyi.&#13;
&#13;
Di masa kini di seluruh Negeri Sembilan tidak ada kumpulan celempong selain kumpulan Encik Udin (informan kajian). Ini mungkin kerana pemain alat celempong telah tua dan meninggal dunia atau telah bersara. Golongan muda juga tidak berminat untuk mempelajari cara bermain celempong. Di dalam satu persembahan kumpulan celempong diantara alat muzik yang digunakan ialah:&#13;
&#13;
1. Satu set celempong&#13;
2. Satu atau dua rebana&#13;
3. Satu gong&#13;
4. Satu seruling (jarang digunakan)</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>R. Selva Sundari</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1985/86</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>dalilah</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>Project Paper</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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        <name>muzik tradisional</name>
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        <name>negeri sembilan</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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          <name>Call No</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>PL5065 1986 Rosh</text>
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                <text>Kuda Kepang</text>
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                <text>Menurut informan, Wak Kasman, tarian kuda kepang merupakan satu bentuk permainan tradisional yang amat digemari oleh penduduk yang berketurunan Jawa. Oleh kerana di negeri Johor khususnya terdapat ramai anggota masyarakat yang berketurunan Jawa, maka tarian ini amat popular di negeri tersebut. Menurut Wak Kasman lagi di kawasan Ulu Selangor juga terdapat permainan kuda kepang ini.&#13;
&#13;
Terdapat dua jenis kuda kepang. Pertamanya adalah Kuda Kepang Jaranan. Jenis kuda kepang ini amat popular di daerah Muar. Ianya tidak menggunakan ilmu sihir dalam persembahan dan mereka yang memainkannya tidak mengalami keadaan tidak sedarkan diri. Keduanya ialah kuda kepang biasa sahaja. Ia berbeza dengan Kuda Kepang Jaranan dimana pemainnya akan mengalami keadaan tidak sedarkan diri. Malah mereka yang melihatnya, terutama mereka yang lemah semangat juga akan mengalami keadaan tidak sedarkan diri. Kuda kepang ini tidak begitu popular lagi kerana persembahannya yang agak berbahaya.</text>
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                <text>Roslan Hassan</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85486">
                <text>1985/86</text>
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                <text>dalilah</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Project Paper</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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        <name>Kuda Kepang</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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          <name>Call No</name>
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              <text>PL5065 1986 Normd</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Persembahan Tarian Anding di Brunei Darussalam</text>
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                <text>Tarian Anding yang ada di Brunei sekarang adalah diwarisi dari suku Kedayan di Brunei iaitu salah satu dari suku asli Brunei. Dipercayai datang dari negeri jiran seperti Sipitang (Sabah), Lawas, Awat-Awat (Sarawak), amnya dari Malaysia Timur. Tarian ini amat mementingkan gerak tari pada badan, bahu, tangan dan kaki.&#13;
&#13;
Tarian Anding menghubungkan tubuh badan manusia dengan kuasa ghaib dalam bentuk pemujaan kuasa yang menjelma ke dalam tubuh Ahli Anding atau Pak Bomoh. Hubungan antara manusia dan kuasa ghaib ini menyebabkan terjadinya keadaan tidak sedarkan diri pada Ahli Anding. Tarian Anding ini juga diiringi dengan lagu-lagu tertentu dan sesuai untuk memanggil gimbaran atau semangat.</text>
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                <text>Norbaini Md. Daud</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Persembahan Muzik Tradisional Mukun di Brunei</text>
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                <text>"Bermukun" ini merupakan satu cabang seni dalam bangsa masyarakat Melayu dimana terdapat unsur-unsur berbalas pantun dan mengandungi tarian daripada penonton lelaki yang berminat mengambil bahagian. Jadinya "Bermukun" ini mempunyai dua unsur penting dalam persembahan iaitu berpantun disertakan dengan pukulan tambur atau dumbak dan tarian. Ia juga dikenali sebagai "Bergendang" kerana alat muziknya terdiri dari alat yang digendang, terutama bagi penduduk kampung air.&#13;
&#13;
Bermukun ini dapat disifatkan sebagai persembahan terbuka kerana setiap anggota masyarakat sama ada masyarakat setempat atau masyarakat luar diberi kesempatan menghadiri majlis bermukun ini. Ini termasuklah golongan tua, muda, kanak-kanak, lelaki atau perempuan yang hadir hanya semata-mata untuk bersuka-suka, menghibur hati dan mengisi masa lapang serta memeriahkan lagi suasana majlis perkahwinan.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Normah Mohammad</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya</text>
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Konsep kemiskinan akan diterangkan dalam kajian ini di samping kemiskinan yang wujud di Malaysia. Faktor kemiskinan turut dibincangkan dengan teliti dalam bab kelima. Faktor kemiskian amat penting kerana dapat menyedarkan para pembaca kajian ini terhadap punca masalah kemiskinan.&#13;
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                <text>Kajian ini dibahagikan kepada lima bab. Dalam bab satu, dibincangkan tentang tujuan dan bidang kajian yang dilakukan; membincangkan metodologi dan masalah-masalah menjalankan kajian; membincangkan tempat dan komuniti yang dikaji.&#13;
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Bab dua membincangkan pegertian beberapa konsep yang mempunyai perkaitan dengan kajian hubungan etnik. Tanpa penerangan yang jelas mungkin boleh menimbulkan masalah kepada pembaca atau penyelidik-penyelidik yang cuba membuat kajian lanjutan tentang hubungan etnik.&#13;
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&#13;
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Bab dua pula menyentuh tentang sejarah kedatangan awal perahu ke Terengganu khususnya tetapi malangnya sehingga kini tidak dapat dipastikan tarikh sebenar kemunculannya di negeri Terengganu ini. Penulis juga menyentuh jenis-jenis perahu besar dan perahu kecil yang pupus, pernah digunakan dan yang masih lagi digunakan oleh penduduk di Terengganu amnya dan khususnya di Pulau Duyong.&#13;
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Universiti Malaya &#13;
PL5065 2000 Rahs</text>
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                <text>Keganasan rumah tangga di Malaysia</text>
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                <text>Keluarga merupakan satu unit sosial yang fungsional, yakni menjalankan pelbagai fungsi yang dijangkakan oleh masyarakat. Hakikatnya, fungsi-fungsi tersebut adalah berasaskan satu sistem jangkaan yang berperanan untuk mengatur pola perlakuan serta bentuk perhubungan yang wujud sesama anggota-anggota keluarga. Dengan itu, setiap anggota keluarga dijangka untuk memenuhi tuntutan sistem jangkaan ini dengan memainkan peranan seperti yang dijangkakan. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam zaman moden ini, tidak semua fungsi yang dijangkakan itu dilaksanakan dengan sepenuhnya. Ini bererti anggota-anggota keluarga tidak lagi memainkan peranan yang sepatutnya dan keadaan ini menyebabkan keluarga tidak dapat berfungsi dengan sempurna. Dalam hal ini, masalah keganasan rumah tangga merupakan antara contoh utama perlakuan yang menyimpang darpada fungsi-fungsi jangkaan yang sepatutnya dimainkan oleh anggota-anggota keluarga. Kini, masalah ini telah menjadi satu punca utama yang mengakibatkan kelemahan institusi kekeluargaan di Malaysia.&#13;
&#13;
Umumnya, masalah keganasan rumah tangga semakin berleluasa di Malaysia dan ia membabitkan semua kelompok etnik, khususnya komuniti Melayu, Cina dan India. Justeru itu, langkah pertama yang harus diambil adalah untuk meneliti dan memahami secara mendalam latar belakang masalah, terutamanya dari segi persoalan punca dan kesan-kesannya sebelum tindakan susulan dapat dirumuskan. Tindakan susulan yang diambil pula harus mengambil kira konteks budaya masyarakat tempatan bagi menjamin keberkesanannya.</text>
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                <text>Yip Lai Wan</text>
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Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Yip&#13;
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                <text>kelly</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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        <name>penderaan seksual</name>
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        <name>perlindungan dan kaunseling</name>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                <text>Perniagaan pasar malam : Satu perbandingan antara perniagaan Melayu dan Cina</text>
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                <text>Kajian ini dijalankan di sebuah pasar malam di negeri Selangor, iaitu pasar malam Taman Medan Pejasa Bt. 7, Jalan Klang Lama, 46000 Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Tumpuan kajian meliputi aspek-aspek seperti jenis barangan yang dijual, jumlah modal yang dillaburkan, sumber modal, jumlah pendapatan dan juga maklumat tentang sumber bekalan. Pengkaji juga telah mengkaji cara yang digunakan oleh peniaga-peniaga Melayu dan Cina untuk menarik minat para pelanggan untuk membeli barangan jualan mereka.</text>
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                <text>Sase Kumar A/L Nadarajah</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Sas&#13;
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                <text>kelly</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85172">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
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        <name>jenis perniagaan</name>
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        <name>peranan Credit Guarantee Corporation (CGC)</name>
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        <name>persepsi pelanggan</name>
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      <tag tagId="2512">
        <name>taraf pendidikan</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Bab 1 merupakan pendahuluan yang membincangkan aspek-aspek pengenalan yang berkaitan dengan kebudayaan masyarakat Melayu terutamanya tentang kesenian tradisi Melayu yang terangkum dalam konsep kebudayaan. &#13;
&#13;
Bab 2 dalam kertas projek ini menumpukan lokasi kajian yang dibuat iaitu menceritakan tentang asal usul tempat kajian dan bagaimana persembahan kesenian dikesan dan diperkembangkan melalui kemudan-kemudahan prasarana yang terdapat di Kampung Rahmat.&#13;
&#13;
Dalam bab 3, pengkaji mengupas tentang sejarah dan latar belakang hamdolok iaitu tentang pengasas persembahan ini dan bagaimana hamdolok ini boleh terserap masuk ke dalam masyarakat Melayu Batu Pahat khususnya di Kampung Rahmat.&#13;
&#13;
Bab 4 merupakan intipati kepada persembahan hamdolok ini sendiri. Dalam bab ini, pengkaji menceritakan tentang watak-watak yang terlibat, tempat persembahan hamdolok ini dipersembahkan yang merupakan kawasan lapang atau pentas khas dan masa membuat persembahan termasuk juga masa dan tempat membuat latihan.&#13;
&#13;
Peralatan yang digunakan dalam persembahan hamdolok dibincangkan dalam bab 5.&#13;
&#13;
Bab 6 mengupas tentang persembahan yang mempunyai pelbagai  fungsi seperti fungsi sosial, fungsi ekonomi, fungsi komunikasi, fungsi hiburan dan sebagainya.</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
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PL5065 1999 Sitza&#13;
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                <text>Semenjak era perjuangan menentang insurjensi ditamatkan pada penghujung tahun 1989, ATM telah mengorak langkah baru dan lebih pro-aktif terhadap perkembangan serantau dan antarabangsa dengan mengubah pendekatan yang memfokuskan latihan serta persiapan ke arah Peperangan Konvensional dengan merombak struktur organisasinya supaya lebih kredibel.&#13;
&#13;
Setelah sejak 15 tahun, persetujuan telah ditandatangani dan perkembangan perhubunhan pertahanan dua hala di antara Malaysia dengan Amerika Syarikat telah menjadi semakin kukuh. Walaupun tiada ancaman luar yang nyata kepada kedua-dua negara ketika ini, namun perhubungan pertahanan dua hala adalah menjadi satu keperluan bagi persiapan sekiranya berlaku ancaman luar.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
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PL5065 1999 Thanr&#13;
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        <name>Memorandum of Understanding</name>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Propaganda: Peranan dan cabarannya</text>
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                <text>Penggunaan propaganda telah pun bermula sejak zaman dulu lagi terutamanya apabila berlakunya kekacauan dan ketidakstabilan. Propaganda juga merupakan fenomena zaman moden berkembang pesat pada abad ke-18 selepas tamatnya perang Kemerdekaan Amerika dan Revolusi Perancis. Dalam Perang Dunia Pertama dan Perang Dunia Kedua propaganda telah digunakan dengan amat meluas sebagai salah satu daripada alat peperangan.&#13;
&#13;
Dalam kajian ini kita daoat melihat bagaimana keberkesanan penggunaan propaganda serta cabarannya. Ini dapat dilihat daripada kesan serta cabarannya yang datang daripada penggunaannya oleh pemimpin-pemimpin negara seperti Amerika Syarikat, Soviet Union, Britain dan Jerman. Penggunaan propaganda oleh Amerika Syarikat untuk memburuk-burukkan Soviet Union, semasa era Perang Dingin adalah amat ketara di mana melibatkan banyak kerugian dari segi kewangan, harta benda dan juga nyawa. Propaganda seterusnya berkembang pesat seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi massa dewasa ini.</text>
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                <text>Mej Wan Omar Zahdi Bin Md Isa TUDM</text>
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                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 wanozmi&#13;
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                <text>kelly&#13;
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      <tag tagId="2496">
        <name>Krisis Berlin</name>
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        <name>propaganda Amerika Syarikat</name>
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        <name>propaganda Britain</name>
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        <name>The Spiegel Affair</name>
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                <text>Perubahan kedudukan wanita Melayu tradisi</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85101">
                <text>Penulisan kertas projek ini bertujuan untuk mengesan apakah perubahan kedudukan wanita Melayu tradisi akibat perkembangan dan kemajuan ke atas diri mereka. Seterusnya untuk meninjau pula kesannya ke atas diri dan masyarakat akibat perubahan kedudukan tadi.&#13;
&#13;
Dalam bab satu, pengkajian hanya berkisar pada bidang pengkajian, masalah, tujuan dan metode kajian. Penulis turut menjelaskan teori kedudukan dan perubahan yang dinyatakan oleh beberapa ahli antropologi.&#13;
&#13;
Bab kedua pula akan dibincangkan tentang latar belakang wanita Melayu tradisi. Ia meliputi peranan yang perlu dijalankan selaras dengan keadaan masyarakat dalam adat berpakaian, pergaulan, pekerjaan dan perkahwinan. Turut dibincangkan ialah perbexaan peranan serta kedudukan lelaki dan perempuan dalam masyarakat tradisi. Penulisan ini juga membawa bukti pentingnya peranan wanita hingga terbawa-bawa ke dalam pepatah, simpulan bahasa dan peribahasa Melayu.&#13;
&#13;
Bab seterusnya memperlihatkan perubahan besar yang berlaku ke atas wanita dari zaman tradisi hingga ke dunia moden ini dalam aspek pekerjaan, pergaulan, perkahwinan, pendidikan dan pakaian. Disentuh juga sedikit tentang perubahan peranan wanita di arena politik dalam sistem pemerintahan negara. Perbincangan juga melibatkan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan ini berlaku.&#13;
&#13;
Bab terakhir meninjau pula implikasi yang timbul ekoran perubahan kedudukan wanita tradisi. Ia dapat dilihat ke atas diri, proses sosialisasi anak-anak, institusi keluarga, masyarakat dan penduaan wanita Melayu. Seterusnya, penulis membuat kesimpulan daripada hasil kajian yang dijalankan sebagai penutup pengkajian ini.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85102">
                <text>Suria Binti Saleh</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85103">
                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Surs&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1999</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="85105">
                <text>kelly&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85106">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85107">
                <text>A515616897</text>
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        <name>adat wanita Melayu tradisi</name>
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        <name>Pekerjaan</name>
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        <name>pergaulan</name>
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        <name>Politik</name>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59816">
                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59817">
                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85072">
                <text>China South Asia relations : A strategic out look</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85073">
                <text>Since time immemorial, there have been many factors that significantly influenced the people's Republic of China in establishing her dyadic links with the countries of South Asia. This paper attempts to discover and analyze some of the key variables that over the period of current century have been contributing China in framing her strategic tenets towards this part of the world. From the same analysis, the paper has also endeavored to track the changing trend of Beijing's strategic posture, especially about the pattern of its modern day's policy attitudes. Lastly, by accounting all the deliberations the paper has attempted to draw an outlook regarding the likely nature of China's future code of strategy towards the South Asian countries.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>Cdr Shamsul Alam</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85075">
                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Shaa&#13;
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>A515624346&#13;
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        <name>China's New Aspiration</name>
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        <name>foreign policy</name>
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        <name>prospects</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59817">
                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Peranan pasukan keselamatan semasa darurat Malaysia pertama : Satu analisis</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85058">
                <text>Kajian ini bertujuan melihat peranan pasukan keselamatan yang terdiri daripada anak-anak Watan Melayu, di dalam pasukan polis dan tentera, Home Guard dan pasukan tentera Komanwel semasa menangani PKM semasa Darurat Pertama 1948 hingga 1960. Darurat yang melanda Tanah Melayu adalah disebabkan oleh PKM yang diketahui oleh Chin Peng. PKM ditubuhkan di Singapura pada tahun 1928 dengan nama Parti Komunis Nanyang tetapi ditukar kepada Parti Komunis Malaya pada tahun 1929. Semasa Perang Dunia Kedua PKM menubuhkan MPAJA yang menentng Jepun. Mereka telah mendapat bantuan British melalui Force 36 yang dibentuk untuk menjalankan gerakan Bawah Tanah demi membebaskan Tanah Melayu dari pemerintahan Jepun. Di samping itu juga PKM/MPAJA mempunyai motif lain iaitu ingin mendapatkan pengiktirafan daripada British untuk menubuhkan kerajaan komunis Malaya. Selepas tamat perang niat dan rancangan mereka tidak direstui oleh British dan mendapat tentangan daripada masyarakat Melayu. Akhirnya PKM diharamkan pada Jun 1948 apabila Darurat diisytiharkan oleh Sir Edward Gen, Pesuruhjaya Tinggi British.&#13;
&#13;
Mulai 16 Jun 1948, peranan pasukan keselamatan membantu kerajaan amat berharga sehingga 30 Jul 1960 apabila Tunku Abdul Rahman mengistiharkan tamatnya Darurat. Tugas utama pasukan keselamatan adalah untuk melancarkan operasi menghapuskan gerila-gerila dan membantu Pihak Berkuasa Awam. Pasukan Keselamatann dalam kajian ini adalah terdiri daripada tentera, polis dan Pengawal Kampung (Home Guard). Di antara peranan-peranan Pasukan Keselamatan ialah membantu menguatkuasakan Rancangan Briggs, Sistem pendaftaran dan penggunaan kad pengenalan dan membantu melaksanakan projek pembangunan dan ekonomi rakyat.&#13;
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                <text>Mej Ruslan Bin Abdullah</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="85060">
                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Rusa&#13;
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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                <text>Secara keseluruhannya, penulisan kertas kerja projek ini adalah mengenai masyarakat peneroka dan kegiatan mereka di tanah rancangan. Dengan kata lain, kajian ini merupakan satu tinjaun mengenai aspek sosio-ekonomi peneroka FELDA dalam usaha memperbaiki taraf kehidupan mereka khususnya di FELDA Tenggaroh Satu, Mersing, Johor.&#13;
&#13;
Kandungan kertas projek ini telah menghuraikan teknik-teknik dan kaedah secara umum konsep pembangunan dan kemajuan yang sering digunakan dalam kajian mengenai sosio-ekonomi. Ia juga membincangkan aspek latar belakang peneroka yang menyertai tanah rancangan dan aktiviti-aktiviti mereka di FELDA. &#13;
&#13;
Selain itu, kertas projek ini juga turut membincangkan aspek-aspek pertubuhan-pertubuhan, aktiviti kemasyarakatan peneroka dan kegiatan ekonomi mereka serta cabaran-cabaran yang diharungi oleh mereka. Penggunaan teknologi moden yang telah dijalankan adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil kelapa sawit dan juga keadaan hal-ehwal semasa peneroka.&#13;
&#13;
Bab yang terakhir di dalam kertas projek ini merupakan kesumpukan yang diperolehi daripada kajian dan serba sedikit cadangan-cadangan yang dikemukakan bagi meningkatkan lagi hasil kelapa sawit dan taraf sosio-ekonomi para peneroka FELDA khususnya di FELDA Tenggaroh Satu. Sekaligus pendapatan mereka dapat dipertingkat lagi.</text>
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                <text>Norsafina Bte Saian</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Nors&#13;
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        <name>cabaran pekerjaan</name>
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        <name>cabaran sosial</name>
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        <name>Gerakan Pertubuhan Wanita</name>
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        <name>JKKR</name>
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        <name>kesihatan</name>
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                <text>Penyelidikan yang dilakukan ini merupakan satu kajian kes mengenai keadaan ekonomi di sebuah penempatan FELDA di negeri Perak. Dalam bab yang pertama, pengkaji ingin menerangkan tentang objektif kajian, bidang kajianm kaedah-kaedah yang digunakan oleh pengkaji untuk mendapatkan maklumat dan data serta permasalahan yang timbul sepanjang menjalankan kajian ini. Dalam bab ini juga, pengkaji menyelit tentang sejarah penubuhan FELDA serta latar belakang tempat kajian.&#13;
&#13;
Bab kedua pula membincangkan soal-soal yang berhubung dengan ekonomi. Pengkaji cuba memberi gambaran dengan kegiatan ekonomi utama, sampingan serta peluang-peluang yang perlu dimanfaatkan oleh peneroka.&#13;
&#13;
Dalam bab yang ketiga, pengkaji membicarakan tentang pola pendapatan simpanan serta tabungan mereka. Pengkaji menonjolkan kemampuan serta kesedaran peneroka untuk menabung. Melalui bab ini juga pengkaji akan membincangkan tentang pola-pola penggunaan, perbelanjaan yang secara tidak langsung menyentuh soal taraf hidup dan juga gaya hidup peneroka.&#13;
&#13;
Dalam bab seterusnya, pengkaji mengupas permasalahan peneroka berhubung dengan ekonomi. Di sini, pengkaji memperlihatkan bagaimana permasalahan itu mempengaruhi atau menjejaskan ekonomi peneroka. Dalam bab ini pengkaji memberikan penilaian dan cadangan terhadap permasalahan tersebut.&#13;
&#13;
Akhir sekali, bab lima sebagai penutup dibuat secara rumusan dan analsa tentang kedudukan ekonomi masyarakat FELDA. Di sini juga akan diutarakan pencapaian-pencapaian peneroka serta akan juga membincangkan tentang bagaimana ingin mencari titik pertemuan di antara peneroka dan pihak pentadbiran. &#13;
&#13;
Akhir sekali akan diperlihatkan sejauhmana matlamat-matlamat pembangunan masyarakat tercapai seperti yang dirancang.</text>
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                <text>Rusilawati Binti Said</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Russ&#13;
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        <name>bebanan hutang</name>
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        <name>konflik</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The 1990-1991 Gulf War saw an international coalition of 26 states led by United States against an aggressor state, Iraq. This paper examines the circumstances leading to the war, the conduct of war and derive lessons from it. The lessons learnt are categorised under political, economic, social and military/operational dimensions. The 1990-1991 Gulf War demonstrated that aggression against a weak neighbour like Kuwait does not pay and there is the willingness of the international community to collectively use force to evict and punish the aggressor state. The Gulf War also demonstrated a typical textbook conventional warfare enhanced with technological superiority, high quality training and logistic support which provided success and victory to the coalition forces.</text>
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                <text>Lt Col Waleed Sultan Salmeen</text>
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                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Sal&#13;
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        <name>the International response</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Propaganda &#13;
Its roles and challenges</text>
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                <text>This paper relates to the art of persuasion, mostly through communication processes and also by other means. The art to persuade, influence and induce the targeted individuals or population to change their attitudes, opinions and behaviors as desired by the communicators. Such art is termed "propaganda" and throughout this paper the roles of propaganda and the everposing challenges it gives will be discussed. In the discussion that follows, the word "disinformation" will be invariably used so as to distinct out the special purpose it served as part of the wider meaning of propaganda. In this modern world where globalisation is the order of the day, propaganda has becoming one of the most important element or instrument used in political international relations, economy and trades or in the attempt or instrument used in political international relations, economy and trades or in the attempt to safeguard individual's or group's power. The extensive use of propaganda would be seen in the shade of the development of mass politics - widespread involvement  of the average citizen or subject in political and economic affairs - and a widening scope of private contacts between people of different nationalities especially so in multinational and non-governmental organisations&#13;
&#13;
This paper will mostly illustrate the role propaganda and disinformation played as an instrument of national policies especially during the cold war era between the American led western bloc and Soviet led eastern bloc which structured the bipolar system of that time. In the struggle to maintain, exert and expand ones' sphere of influence in the ideological, political and economical arenas the use of propaganda has becoming so widening until the actual fundamental understandings of international relations has somewhat becoming blurred or distorted.</text>
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                <text>Mej Noor Mohamad Akmar Bin Mohammad Dom TUDM</text>
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Kandungan kertas projek ini telah menghuraikan teknik-teknik dan kaedah secara umum konsep pembangunan dan kemajuan yang sering digunakan dalam kajian mengenai sosio-ekonomi. Ia juga membincangkan aspek latar belakang peneroka yang menyertai tanah rancangan dan aktiviti-aktiviti mereka di FELDA.&#13;
&#13;
Selasin itu, kertas projek ini juga turut membincangkan aspek-aspek pertubuhan-pertubuhan, aktiviti kemasyarakatan peneroka dan kegiatan ekonomi mereka serta cabaran-cabaran yang diharungi oleh mereka. Penggunaan teknologi moden yang telah dijalankan adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil kelapa sawit dan juga keadaan hal ehwal semasa peneroka.&#13;
&#13;
Bab yang terakhir di dalam kertas projek ini merupakan kesimpulan yang diperolehi daripada kajian dan serba sedikit cadangan-cadangan yang dikemukakan bagi meninggikan lagi hasil kelapa sawit dan taraf sosio-ekonomi para peneroka FELDA khususnya di FELDA Tenggaroh Satu. Sekali gus pendapatan mereka dapat dipertingkatkan lagi.</text>
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                <text>Presently, there are six countries, which are laying claim on the archipelago in the South China Sea. The Spratleys area is an important route for sea lines of communication and is believed to be rich in oil and other mineral deposits.&#13;
&#13;
The Philippines, which claims 53 islands and occupies eight of them, bases its claim on the theory of discovery, proximity and occupancy. China on the other hand claims the entire China Sea and calls it the "China Lake" on historical grounds and on the principles of discovery and occupation. Like China, Taiwan also claims the whole of China Sea on the same historical grounds and principle of occupancy. Vietnam, which supports its claims on the principle of accession or inheritance from France also, stands on the effective occupation and effective continuity of peaceful exercise of state authority entitled to sovereignty in the 21 islands they occupy. Malaysia and Brunei on the provision of the UNCLOS on the principle of proximity to the continental shelf.&#13;
&#13;
Despite the occasional saber rattling from China, all the claimant countries have expressed their desire to settle the Spratleys dispute in a peaceful manner. They employed both First Track (official) and Second Track (unofficial) processes to avert breaking into armed confrontations. Included in the Declaration on the South First Track process are the signing of the 1992 ASEAN China Sea Dispute otherwise known as the 1992 Manila Declaration; the Philippine-China Code of Conduct on the South China Sea; and the Bilateral Agreement between the Philippines and Vietnam. In the Second Track Process, the efforts include Indonesia's annual seminar workshops on "Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea"; transparency in the arms build and armed forces intentions of the claimant countries; exchange of military students and personnel visits; and other innovative confidence building measures like a soccer match in the Spratleys which is being proposed by the Philippines.</text>
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                <text>With the end of the Cold War there is little doubt that China is the most important state in the East &amp; Southeast Asia. This have somewhat altered the balance of power in the South China Sea. The withdrawal of the United States from Subic bay in the Philippines and the former Soviet Union from Cam Ranh bay in Vietnam base made the People Republic of China in the best position to take advantage of the power vacuum. It claims most of the area and argues that approximately 860,000 square kilometres of its territory has been encroached upon by other regional powers.&#13;
&#13;
As China begun to encroach further toward the ASEAN states the Spratly islands disputes became a regional conflict between China and her southern neighbours. The Spratly's are prized for their strategic location and the belief that they lie over one of largest oil fields in the world. All the disputants states are engaged in an attempt to control of as much of the archipelago as possible.&#13;
&#13;
Presently there remains many territorial conflict. In some aspect the Spratly Islands disputes are an extension of other territorial disputes between the claimant states and perpetuities of unfriendliness and distrust. The disputes over the Spratly's are in reality a competition for resources primarily rather than the islands itself. It is pressumed that there is abundant existence of potential resources, the strategic location of the islands relative to shipping and air transit that links the Indian ocean and the Pacific ocean give added advantage to the country who is in control of the islands. Hence, the disputes revolve around closely related issues such as sovereignty over the islands the maritime rights and the inherent interest over the sea around them. The conflict over economic resources and military development among the claimant countries. Indeed the South China sea is regarded as a flashpoint. The unsettled problem remains a major concern, the Spratly islands group in the north China sea has been identified as one of the potential flashpoint. This is due to the overlapping claims of China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Any attempt to further occupy any of the unoccupied islands and any attempt to eject or boot out the occupants of an island within the disputed area and accident or misinterpretations due to deployment by the claimants of military forces in the area may spark an armed confrontation.</text>
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                <text>Alan Renswick dan Ian Swinburn dalam buku mereka (K.Ramanathan, 1987), "Basic political Concept", membahagikan kuasa kepada tiga bahagian iaitu kuasa politik, kuasa ekonomi dan kuasa ketenteraan. Kuasa politik ditakrifkan sebagai nadi penggerak utama dalam masyarakat dan tidak boleh digugat. Kuasa ekonomi pula disifatkan sebagai satu "compensatory power" di mana orang akan patuh kepada yang berkuasa dengan harapan mendapat satu ganjaran. Selanjutnya, kuasa ketenteraan adalah merupakan ukuran kepada kekuatan. Dalam konteks ini ketiga-tiga elemen di atas adalah berkait rapat antara satu dengan lain dan memberi sumbangan dan mempunyai pengaruh besar kepada Sistem Pertahanan sesebuah negara.&#13;
&#13;
Menyentuh tentang masyarakat negara kita Malaysia, komunitinya adalah terdiri daripada berbagai kaum yang kini menuju ke arah negara-bangsa (nation-state) yang berorientasikan perkongsian secara bersama di bawah wadah yang dikenali sebagai Integrasi Nasional. Melalui bukunya "Pentadbiran Awam: Asas pemikiran dan falsafah" (Ahmad Atory Hussain, 1990) tidak menyentuh langsung tentang Polisi Pertahanan Negara dan sehingga hari ini polisi tersebut tidak jelas tetapi sekurang-kurangnya mampu ditafsirkan di dalam Dasar Pertahanan Negara.&#13;
&#13;
Penerokaan terhadap kajian "Sistem Pertahanan Melayu: Mulai 1400 sehingga sekarang" tidak hanya dipandang kepada sudut keselamatan sahaja, tetapi juga turut merangkumi corak pemerintahan, kuasa politik dan sosioekonomi Melayu bermula dari zaman kegemilangan Kerajaan Melayu Melaka sehingga sekarang.&#13;
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&#13;
Beberapa persoalan perlu difikirkan dengan warasnya dan dijawab oleh pembaca. Walau bagaimanapun tinggi atau teguhnya ketahanan dan tamadun Melayu, hakikatnya adalah bangsa Melayu mampu mempertahankannya daripada serangan dan pengaruh Barat. Barat bukan sahaja dapat merampas wilayah-wilayah Melayu secara fizikal tetapi ciri-ciri tamadun Melayu sendiri telah diserang dan dimusnahkan sehingga orang Melayu adanya yang tidak lagi kenal aspek-aspek tertentu dan tamadun Melayu. Tamadun sesuatu bangsa tidak terbentuk dalam sekelip mata. Oleh itu kita harus faham tamadun sesuatu bangsa mengambil masa yang lama mungkin beratus-ratus tahun untuk dibentuk.&#13;
&#13;
Penjajahan yang berlaku ke atas bangsa Melayu harus dijadikan iktibar dan pengajaran supaya kesilapan-kesilapan yang lalu dapat dihindarkan dari berulang lagi.</text>
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                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
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                <text>Korean peninsula had a long history of unification under Koryo and Chosan Dynasty before she was annexed by the Japanese in 1910. Although Korea was liberated from Japanese rule at the end of World War II, but she became the victim of Cold War ideological conflict that led to the formation of two separate states in 1948 divided along the 38th parallel. In the south, the Republic of Korea was formed while in the north, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was installed.&#13;
&#13;
The division of the peninsula was further consolidated when the North launched an attack to the South, which triggered the Korean War in 1950 and raged until 1953. However, the devastating conflict was ended by an armistice agreement signed on July 27, 1953 which established the Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) that now divides the peninsula. As a result, millions of Koreans were separated from their families, enmity and tension within the nation was created and the sense of national community that had been developed over several thousand years was destroyed. The mistrust between the South and the North became far more deeply entrenched.&#13;
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                <text>Since the end of the Cold War the context and content of peacekeeping operations have radically changed. Peacekeeping has now become a lose concept, encompassing a bewildering range of country level, non-development activities and more and more intra-state in character. The United Nations (UN) is increasingly become involved in what are being termed as preventative or post-conflict peacebuilding measures.&#13;
&#13;
This paper provides a brief background to the Peacekeeping, Wider Peacekeeping and New Peacekeeping Partnership with particular reference of its security record in the light of its stated aims.&#13;
&#13;
Its also analyses the nature of contemporary peacekeeping, the environment in which it is used and the problems which the UN faces. It demonstrates that although the UN has adapted its organisation and approach to deal with the changes brought about by the end of the Cold War, it still confronts a variety of problems.&#13;
&#13;
By examining the UN in this way it has been possible to identify the specific military problems of peacekeeping and also the more general problems that face the UN and which impringe on the former. This paper offers some ideas and options with regard to how the UN can successfully reform to meet the challenges of peacekeeping in the future.</text>
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PL5065 1999 Musan&#13;
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                <text>Sistem perubatan tradisional Melayu : Satu kajian di Kuala Lumpur</text>
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                <text>Menurut sejarah, setiap bangsa memang mengamalkan ilmu perbomohan dalam kehidupan seharian mereka. Gejala perbomohan ini dikatakan telah bermula sejak beratus-ratus tahun dahulu. Di rantau Asia Tenggara dan Alam Melayu, kegiatan perbomohan merupakan satu perkara lumrah dalam kehidupan sebahagian penduduk.&#13;
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Bomoh yang merupakan individu terpenting dalam institusi perbomohan ini agak popular di kalangan masyarakat Melayu sejak dahulu lagi kerana merekalah yang telah memberi sumbangan kepada masyarkat sebelum perubatan moden diperkenalkan. Peranan bomoh amat diperlukan dalam kehidupan manusia, khususnya bagi masyarakat tradisi yang masih begitu menebal kepercayaanya terhadap perawatan secara tradisional. Sistem perubatan tradisional ini masih diamalkan oleh sebahagian besar masyarakat Melayu meskipun pengaruh perubatan moden hari ini telah meresap bukan sahaja ke kawasan-kawasan bandar, malah juga ke kampung-kampung.</text>
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                <text>Komathi A/P Murugiah</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
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                <text>kelly&#13;
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                <text>Kertas projek ini dibahagikan kepada empat bab. Dalam bab pertama, saya terus membincangkan dan menghuraikan apa yang disebutkan sebagai proses sosialisasi atau konsep bagi proses ini dan bagaimana ia dijalankan. Ia juga tidak ketinggalan menerangkan matlamat proses ini dan apa peranan yang dimainkan oleh agen-agen sosialisasi dalam proses ini dari segi faedah dan faktornya.&#13;
&#13;
Bab kedua adalah bab mengenai peringkat-peringkat kitaran hidup yang ditumpukan dalam proses sosialisasi. Saya telah membahagikan peringkat-peringkat tersebut kepada empat tahap iaitu dari tahap bayi, tahap kanak-kanak, tahap remaja sampai ke tahap dewasa. Pembahagian ini membolehkan kami melihat proses sosialisasi yang dialami secara terperinci.&#13;
&#13;
Manakala dalam bab ketiga pula saya cuba meneliti sejauh manakah faktor agama iaitu Islam telah mempengaruhi proses sosialisasi yang berlaku dalam masyarakat Melayu. Manakala bab keempat merupakan kesimpulan yang saya buat mengenai proses sosialisaso yang dijalankan dalam masyarakat Melayu.</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Lim&#13;
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                <text>Bab pertama ialah pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan satu gambaran yang menyeluruh tentang objektif kertas projek ini serta latar belakang perkahwinan campur masyarakat Melayu di Malaysia. Seterusnya bab ini akan memberikan definisi konsep perkahwinan dan konsep perkahwinan campur serta klasifikasinya.&#13;
&#13;
Bab kedua menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mendorong serta menjayakan perkahwinan campur masyarakat Melayu. Antaranya ialah cinta, jodoh, matlamat yang sama, peka terhadap keperluan pasanganm tertarik dengan kebudayaan bangsa lain, semangat mengembara, keislaman pasangan, fikiran yang terbuka, persekitaran dan pergaulan, rupa paras dan fleksibiliti.&#13;
&#13;
Bab ketiga pula membincangkan masalah-masalah uang dihadapi dalam perkahwinan campur masyarakat Melayu. Masalah-masalah yang dibincangkan meliputi pelbagai perspektif. Antaranya ialah agama, penentangan ibu bapa, cara didikan anak, hubungan dengan keluarga asas, syak wasangka masyarakat, perasaan etnosentrik, pemakanan, pakaian dan adat istiadat.&#13;
&#13;
Bab keempat mengemukakan kesan-kesan yang timbul akibat daripada perkahwinanan campur dalam masyarakat Melayu. Kesan-kesan ini boleh ditinjau dari segi perubahan budaya dan perubahan sosial secara umumnya. Selain itu, ia juga dapat dilihat secara khusus dan terperinci dari segi kesan baik dan kesan buruknya.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
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                <text>Berjojak : Ritual terpenting dalam lingkaran hidup masyarakat Rawa</text>
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                <text>Berjojak merupakan tradisi warisan masyarakat Rawa golongan Pantang Tanah. Ia adalah perkataan Rawa yang berasal dari perkataan 'jejak' iaitu menjejakkan kaki ke tanah. Bagi golongan Pantang Tanah, ritual ini dijalankan pada kali pertama bayi menjejakkan kakinya ke tanah. Ritual ini adalah satu proses yang mengiiringi proses lingkaran hidup masyarakat Melayu khususnya Melayu Rawa.&#13;
&#13;
Berjojak wijud dari kepercayaan golongan Pantang Tanah ini adalah dari keturunan raja. Justeri itu, mereka harus berpantang tanah dan ritual Berjojak perlu dijalankan untuk membatalkan pantang larang yang dikenakan kepada setiap individu. Ada pihak menganggap bahawa ia adalah ritual yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh unsur- unsur semangat dan kepercayaan animisme yang fanatik.&#13;
&#13;
Kepercayaan masyarakat Melayu yang lain terhadap upacara ini adalah berbagai; sebahagian golongan yang menerima dan sebahagian lagi menolaknya. Walaupun ianya dianggap menjadi amalan golongan Pantang Tanah, namun sebenarnya ia turut diamalkan oleh masyarakat Melayu lain. Perbezaannya hanyalah dari segi pengamalan, penggunaan peralatan dan kepercayaan terhadap kepercayaan tersebut.&#13;
&#13;
Secara ringkasnya kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan melihat amalan ritual golongan Pantang tanah yang dianggap sebagai upacara yang terpenting dalam kehidupan mereka. Kajian ini seterusnya juga akan membincangkan mengenai kitaran atau lingkaran hidup manusia. Huraian dibuat berkisar kepad upacara-upcara yang diamalkan dalam mengiiringi proses lingkaran hidup manusia. Kajian ini tidak memfokuskan kepada proses pembesaran hidup manusia. Sebahagian kajian ini meliputi lingkaran hidup masyarakat Rawa, perlaksanaan ritual, kepercayaan serta fungsi ritual tersebut.</text>
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                <text>Mashitah Binti Mohamed Tahir</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Masmt&#13;
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        <name>asal usul orang Rawa</name>
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                <text>A study on defence cooperation between Malaysia and United States&#13;
 A Malaysian Perspective</text>
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                <text>The relationship between Malaysia and United States has been going on for quite a number of years. Militarily, the relationship or cooperation has developed since 1960s. The defence cooperation between Malaysia and United States has grown into a matured and solid partnership. At present, BITACG are the links between both armed forces. This arrangement and program have and will continue to see greater cooperation and relationship between both nations. The future of this cooperation is also highlighted.</text>
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                <text>Mej Maznan Bin Majid</text>
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University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Mazm&#13;
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                <text>Keganasan rumah tangga : Suatu tinjauan terhadap keluarga Melayu di Malaysia</text>
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                <text>Keluarga sebagai satu unit sosial yang funsional adalah sebuah keluarga yang mampu menjalankan sebahagian besar fungsi-fungsi yang dijangkakan. Fungsi-fungsi yang tersebut sebenarnya adalah berasakan satu sistem jangkaan yang mengatur perlakuan serta perhubungan sesama anggota keluarga. Setiap anggota keluarga adalah dijangka mematuhi sistem jangkaan ini dengan memainkan peranan seperti yang dijangkakan. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam zaman yang berubah, tidak semua fungsi yang dinyatakan tadi dapat dijalankan terutamanya apabila anggota-anggota keluarga tidak memainkan peranan yang sepatutya atau yang dijangkakan dari mereka. Keganasan rumah tangga merupakan contoh utama perlakuan yang menyimpang dari fungsi-fungsi yang sepatutnya dimainkan oleh anggota keluarga. Masalah ini telah menjadi faktor penting kelemahan institusi keluarga pada hari ini.&#13;
&#13;
Keluarga Melayu di Malaysia juga tidak terkecuali daripada dibelenggu masalah tersebut malahan jumlah kes yang dilaporkan yang membabitkan masyarakat Melayu kian meningkat dari tahun demi tahun. Justeru itu langkah pertama yang harus dilakukan adalah meneliti dan memahami secara mendalam mengenai latar belakang masalah, khususnya persoalan punca dan kesan terlebih dahulu sebelum sebarang tindakan susulan dapat dirumuskan. Tindakan susulan yang diambil pula harus mengambil kira konteks sosiobudaya masyarakat Melayu agar dapat menjamin keberkesannya.</text>
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                <text>Fong Foo Liang</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Foo</text>
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                <text>The United Nations is a noble experiment in human co-operation . In a world that remains divided by many and diverse interests and attributes, the United Nations strives to articulate an inclusive vision : community among nations, common humanity among people, the singularity of our one Earth. The Charter of the United Nations drafted with the searing experience of history's two most destructive wars fresh in mind, embraced each of these aspirations and provided institutional instruments for these pursuit.&#13;
&#13;
Even organisations with normal characteristics inevitably develop faults in their managerial and administrative structure over time. It is therefore hardly surprising that the United Nations, after fifty-four years of unprecedented global change should be in need of reform. As the Session of the General Assembly opened, a substantial number of member governments were convinced that such reforms were overdue. This paper analyses the current reform measures undertaken by various organs in the United Nations system.&#13;
&#13;
The fundamental objective of this reform effort is to narrow the gap between accomplishment and aspiration. Reforming the machinery of the United Nations is no substitute for the willingness of Governments to use the organisations, or can it, by itself, bridge the very real differences in interests and power that exist among Member States.</text>
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                <text>Mej Ganesan Supramaniam TUDM</text>
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University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Gan&#13;
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                <text>Konflik tuntuan Kepulauan Spratly dari segi Undang-Undang Antarabangsa</text>
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                <text>Tuntuan bertindih ke atas Kepulauan Spratly di Laut China Selatan merupakan salah satu isu yang begitu lama untuk diselesaikan bahkan segala proses untuk menyelesaikan masih tertangguh di peringkat meja rundingan negara China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Filipina dan Brunei merupakan negara yang terlibat secara langsung di atas perebutan kepulauan Spratly. China, Taiwan dan Vietnam menuntut Spratly berdasarkan kepada Undang-Undang Antarabangsa yang berasaskan penggembaraan dan pendudukan (discovery and occupation) manakala Filipina menuntutnya berdasarkan perolehan penemuan (prescriptive acquisition).&#13;
&#13;
Pada tahun 1982, Konvensyen Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu bagi Undang-Undang Laut (United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS III) telah memperkenalkan konsep Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif (Exclusive Economic Zone - EEZ) dan Pelantar Benua (Continental Shelf) dengan penetapan 200 batu nautika dan 12 batu nautika dalam lingkungan tuntutan wilayah laut. Malaysia dan Brunei menuntut sebahagian daripada wilayah kepulauan Spratly berdasarkan penetapan tersebut.&#13;
&#13;
Kertas kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengutarakan dan meneliti isu yang merangkumi asas-asas tuntutan bertindih Kepulauan Spratly dan membincangkan cara yang terbaik dalam menyelesaikan konflik tuntutan bertindih di Gugusan Spratly. Tuntuan Kepulauan Spratly merupakan salah satu isu yang begitu kompleks untuk diselesaikan secara mendalam khususnya dalam aspek Undang-undang Antarabangsa dan Undang-undang Laut yang melibatkan negara yang menuntutnya.</text>
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                <text>Mej Hamadi Bin Hj. Hasan</text>
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                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Hamhh&#13;
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                <text>kelly&#13;
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        <name>Undang-undang Antarabangsa</name>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Piracy in Malaysian waters : Impact on security</text>
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                <text>Piracy is as rife today as ever with over 192 attacks on shipping was recorded world wide from January to December 1998. Out of it, 93 happens in South China Sea and in the far east waters. According to Institute of Maritime Bureau (IMB) - Piracy Reporting Centre which is based in Kuala Lumpur, the numbers is far from true as nations, shipowners and individuals each has every reasons not to report or keeping the facts secret. Some of these attacks demonstrate the gratuitous cruelty and inhumanity which characterised the old time pirates, others are less bloody affairs involving attacks whilst the ship is at anchor and in harbour.&#13;
&#13;
Maritime organisations today are essentially advisory rather than disciplinary, however some countries have been pressured to handle piracy problems more strictly. Nonetheless the question of 'not in my own backyard' persist and the need for integrated, cohesive and consistent approach rather than a divisive and singular approach arises. Regional enforcement agencies are facing new challenges for enhancing enforcement capability in the midst of contracting capability development in the face of the currency crisis and the economic downturn in this region. The studies will trace back the beginning of piracy in South East Asia until the current day. It analyses the current situation focusing only on Malaysian waters, the impacts on Malaysia's security as well as the role of various Malaysian maritime organisations. The writer conclude that although piracy has no adverse impact on Malaysian security, but it bears unfavourable impact on the economy. It also concludes that piracy will always be a problem to be recognised (especially in Sabah coastal waters) not only by Malaysia but also by other ASEAN countries.</text>
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                <text>Lt Kdr Heman Bin Buang TLMD</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84847">
                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences&#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Hemb&#13;
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                <text>1999</text>
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                <text>kelly</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84851">
                <text>A515624417</text>
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        <name>enforcement agencies</name>
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        <name>impact on security</name>
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        <name>piracy activities</name>
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        <name>South China Sea</name>
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        <name>Straits of Malacca</name>
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        <name>Sulu and Celebes Sea</name>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Peperangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. : Satu analisa</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Kebanyakan Angkatan Tentera di dunia masa ini menggunapakaikan strategi, teknik dan taktik yang dikaji dalam peperangan dunia pertama dan kedua serta di masa perang dingin. Tidak banyak yang dipelajari mengenai peperangan-peperangan yang diterajui oleh Panglima-panglima Perang Islam khususnya Rasulullah S.A.W. sendiri, sedangkan kegemilangan serta keagungannya amat terserlah sehinggakan empayar Islam telah berkembang dan menakluk hampir 2/3 dari muka bumi ini. Namun demikian tanpa disedari strategi, teknik dan taktik peperangan Islam telah dikaji oleh kebanyakan strategist-strategist Barat dan diubah-suaikan untuk dijadikan prinsip peperangan moden masa kini.&#13;
&#13;
Apabila Allah S.W.T. telah membenarkan peperangan, pelbagai prinsip dan strategi telah ditunjukkan kepada Baginda Muhammad S.A.W. Justeru itu, peperagan Baginda merupakan satu konsep peperangan yang harus diikuti oleh tentera Islam untuk mengelakkan manusia daripada kehancuran dan kemusnahan. Ini adalah kerana peperangan di zaman Rasulullah S.A.W. mengikut lunas-lunas perundangan, peri kemanusian dan bukannya bersifatkan hasad dengki, balas dendam, angkuh dan sombong dengan kemampuan serta kebolehan yang dimilikinya.&#13;
&#13;
Oleh itu adalah amat penting kajian yang teliti lagi mendalam perlu dilaksanakan khususnya Angkatan Tentera negara-negara Islam agar kita sentiasa mematuhi unsur dan garis panduan yang ditetapkan oleh Islam melalui pertempuran-pertempuran oleh Baginda Rasulullah S.A.W. Dari itu, kajian ini dibuat adalah untuk menganalisa secara am apakah strategi, teknik, taktik dan lain-lain faktor telah digunapakaikan sehingga membawa kejayaan begitu cemerlang hingga menjadi ikutan oleh kebanyakan pemimpin tentera masa kini. Kegimilangan zaman kebangkitan Islam akan kembali menyinar sekiranya umat Islam sama-sama mengembleng fikiran dan tenaga menganalisa zaman perjuangan khususnya peperangan Rasulullah S.A.W. untuk digunapakai bagi negara Islam.</text>
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                <text>Mej Ismail Bin Ahmad</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84839">
                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Isma&#13;
</text>
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        <name>sejarah kehidupan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.</name>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Kepimpinan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. terserlah sejak di Kota Mekah iaitu semasa pemindahan Hajar al-Aswad ke tempat asalnya di Kaabah. Baginda juga telah mengenalkan sistem syara iaitu musyawarah dalam semua bidang terutama dalam bidang politik dan ekonomi. Sbeagai perancang ekonomi Baginda memperkenalkan dasar ekonomi baru bagi menggantikan dasar ekonomi zaman Jahiliah iaitu menggalakkan umat Islam bekerja keras, bergiat dalam pertanian dan perniagaan. Sebagai pemimpin, tentera baginda telah menunjukkan kepimpinan yang tinggi dan contoh yang baik di kalangan umat Islam pada ketika itu.&#13;
Baginda menjadi pemimpin bagi setiap ekspedisi ketenteraan yang disertainya. Baginda sering mengamalkan sifat amanah dalam tugasnya sesuai dengan gelaran yang diterimanya iaitu "al-Siddiq, al-Amin".</text>
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                <text>Mej Azmi Bin Khairi</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84751">
                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Azmk&#13;
</text>
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                <text>kelly</text>
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        <name>Penghijrahan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.</name>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Between Sun-Tzu and Clausewitz : Asia and American Wars</text>
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                <text>This paper examine the strategic ideas of Sun Tzu and Clausewitz and find out their works that have influenced the Asia-American wars that have occurred in Asia since the end of WWII.&#13;
&#13;
Sun Tzu was a famous military scientist and the one of the ablest commanders in ancient China. He wrote a book "The Art of War" which is now among the most thoughtful and comprehensive book on the strategies of war.&#13;
&#13;
Since 1945, there were three Asia-American wars namely the Korean War, the Vietnam War and Gulf War where the United Nations forces applied superior strength and advanced military technology. Korean War, in which the forces if the United Nations and of the Republic of Korean fought against that the Korean and Chinese communists who were aided by the Soviet Union, Vietnam War, The United States and some 40 other countries supporting Vietnam by supplying troops and munitors.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84729">
                <text>Lt. Col. Ukris Boontanondha</text>
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                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Boo&#13;
</text>
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                <text>1999&#13;
</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84732">
                <text>kelly</text>
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                <text>A515624332</text>
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        <name>Clausewitz's on war</name>
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        <name>Korean war</name>
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        <name>sun-tzu's art of war</name>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59817">
                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Piracy in South China Sea-Sabah Coastal waters and its impact on security</text>
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                <text>Piracy-including boarding, hijacking, detentions and robberies-remains a hidden but very real problem in many areas of the world. Estimates of the cost of piracy and maritime fraud range as high as 16 billion a year. Maritime piracy continues to proliferate worldwide. The estimated odds of attack are one in one thousand worldwide. In 1997, 229 attacks were reported. 1996 saw 228 attacks. Over 400 crewmembers were taken as hostages. Many worldwide average of reported incidents against fishing vessels accounts for only six percent of the total.&#13;
&#13;
Modern-day pirates using small fast craft have become more prevalent, bolder in their actions and use heavier weapons now than they did a decade ago. They are no longer just using small arms and knives and indulging in petty thefts. In some of the last documented attacks they used machine guns and grenades in hijacking vessels with their cargo. The pirates are sometimes grouping their resources and are being aided by powerful syndicates. Problems continue to be particularly significant in Southeast Asian waters. This paper will narrow down the scope to see the piracy problem in Sabah coastal and finding ways to control or curb if possible eradicate the problem.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84715">
                <text>Lt Kdr Che Adnan Bin Md Isa TLDM</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84716">
                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Cheami&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84717">
                <text>1999</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84718">
                <text>kelly</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84719">
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                <text>A515624350</text>
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      <tag tagId="2241">
        <name>prevention</name>
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        <name>security</name>
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        <name>types of pirate in Sabah</name>
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        <name>worldwide piracy</name>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59817">
                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>The United Nations Peacekeeping future challenges</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84706">
                <text>The United Nations Peacekeeping operation are the issues to be looked forward in future. The dilemma faced by the United Nations and its member-states are influenced by the activities in a world divided by nations-states and subject to the assymetries of political, economic and military power.&#13;
&#13;
Since the establishment, the UN has been involved in the endless regional conflicts. The United Nations, however is much more than a peacekeeper and forum for conflict resolution. Often without attracting attention, the United Nations and its family of agencies are engaged in a vast array of task that touches every aspect of people's live around the world.&#13;
&#13;
There are many international issue which are complex and potentially dangerous for the maintenance of peace and security in this world. The first operation, in the form of an observer mission, was created in the Middle East in the 1948, the first United Nations peacekeeping forces also created in the Middle-East in 1956 to maintain peace and security in the problem of Palestine, which arose from conflicting claims of the Arab and Jewish over the future status of the territory.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84707">
                <text>Mej Che Azuha Bin Shafie</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84708">
                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Cheas&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84709">
                <text>1999</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84710">
                <text>kelly</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84711">
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84712">
                <text>A515624448</text>
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      <tag tagId="2372">
        <name>budgetary challenges</name>
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      <tag tagId="2373">
        <name>future emerging threats</name>
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      <tag tagId="2370">
        <name>political challenges</name>
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      <tag tagId="2371">
        <name>technology challenges</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59817">
                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>Military in nation building : With special reference to Malaysia</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84698">
                <text>Since Nation-State comes into being, men always strive to have a united nation of people. History witnesses this endeavor in many facts, the Nazi's and Serbian at one extreme and the liberal one on the other. Malaysia as a young Nation-State plural as it is, with the Malay as the main race does not resort to the approach of the Nazi or the Serb in her endeavor to become a nation of people. It has chosen to integrate the arrays of people into one but never it was an easy task however at the outset able to realize a society that is harmony and live as one entity identified as Malaysian. This success had been the contribution of many elements within, which not only had work hard toward the realization but also sacrifices a lot of their self interest. hence, therefore this paper discusses one of the significant elements that is the military roles and contribution toward the end.&#13;
&#13;
The approach adopted for this paper is descriptive discussion base on Malaysian experience in the endeavor base on previously documented experience and to some extend some undocumented experience of Military officer and civilian who had involved in the subject.&#13;
&#13;
This papers are divided into five chapters: the first introduce to subject on general terms of nation building in particular within the Southeast Asian nation. Second chapters unfold the variable that effect Malaysia quest in nation building. The third, dwell into the theoretical aspect of the subject attempt to survey why the military is involved. The forth describe the activities that are conducted by MAF in supporting the civil bureaucracy in nation building. Finally the fifth conclude the paper.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84699">
                <text>Mej Dzulkapli Bin Hj Md Nor</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84700">
                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Dzuhmn&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84702">
                <text>kelly</text>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>The Korean Peninsula : Prospects for unification</text>
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                <text>For nearly five decades Korean people in both halves of the country have been living under two diametrically different political and economic systems with little or no mutual contacts and communications. The Korean division is real and its reunification, ideal.&#13;
&#13;
Unification in the Korean Peninsula hinges on multitude of factors both internal and external. Internally, there is the different socio-economic and political systems, the different ideologies, the political elite's and many more. Externally. there is the traditional interest of the American, the Japanese, the Chinese and the Russian and all the peace-loving individuals, regional and global organisations.&#13;
&#13;
This study focus on the North and South Korea unification initiatives, policies and formulas offered since 1972. This research paper analyses various initiatives undertaken, policies and formulas offered by both the North and the South Korean towards peaceful reunification.&#13;
&#13;
Both the Korean has adopted various friendly policies and offered several formulas towards a peaceful reunification in the peninsula. There s no way of fathoming the real intentions of both policies, especially the north as the actions were in contradiction to the advocated policies. However, it is believed to be a good sign as consent for a dialogue, unthinkable during the early period of the division is a prospect towards an eventual peaceful unification.</text>
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                <text>Lt Kdr Abd Rahman Bin Zainuddin TLDM</text>
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                <text>1999</text>
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        <name>North Korea Unification Policy</name>
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                <text>During the first half of the 1970's, major changers took place in the American Policy. Those changers reflected the shifts occurring in the global correlation of forces, the strengthen position of world socialism, the growing influence of the third world countries. The search for a comprehensive peace settlement in the Middle East has been a constant feature of American Policy. The change of administration at Washington (Republican took over from Democrats) coincide with a review of number of important foreign policy concepts which had guided this leading capitalist country for a quarter of century after World War II.&#13;
&#13;
US foreign policy in Middle East is of special importance to US because of the economic and military involvement in the region since the post Cold War. The importance of Middle East oil decided Washington's Middle East policy aimed at consolidating United States imperialist positions in this pivotal corner of the globe. The United States has mustered Israel as its own outpost in the area. It was because of United States military, economic and political support for Israel that the UN Security Council  Resolution No 242 adopted in 1967 has not been enforced. Israel connected by multitude of strands with American Zionism and in effect, living off American provided support, continuous to be the main fool of American influence in the Middle East.</text>
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                <text>Maj Nart Nadem Mohd Saed Al Khas</text>
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                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Alk&#13;
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                <text>kelly</text>
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                <text>A515624434</text>
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        <name>Domestic and regional implication</name>
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        <name>economy dimension</name>
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        <name>security dimension</name>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Security issues of South and South Pacific Nations</text>
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                <text>South and South Pacific Nations constitutes one of the world's least important strategically during the cold war but the pattern begun to change especially in 1980s. The intrusion of Soviet Union into this region had alarmed and provoked the International observers. The United States presence was in response to Soviet Union interests in the region and subsequently the other external powers like Libya and French were also extended their interests. The political turmoil which seriously affected the South Pacific nations were occurred in the late 1980s where coup in Fiji, nationalists in New Caledonia which turned into violent and issues on Papua New Guinea/ Indonesia border. These phenomena welcome other external powers to increase their interest in this region.&#13;
&#13;
The first chapter introduces the background of the Pacific Island states that shaped their policies. The complexity of security is discussed in Chapter Two that emphasis on the changes in the South Pacific. The activities of Super Powers, Soviet Union and United States in the region are highlighted in chapter three. In chapter four, the writer examined the roles and activities of France in New Caledonia and Libya's interest in the region which alarmed in most parts of the regions and international leaders. The last chapter, in chapter five, analyzes two internal conflicts or issues in which the issues in which the issue on Papua New Guinea/ Indonesian border had alarmed the regional power Australia. Fiji coup is also highlighted in this chapter.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84676">
                <text>Mej Ali Zaini Bin Zainal Abidin TUDM</text>
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                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Alizza&#13;
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        <name>changes in South Pacific</name>
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                <text>Peperangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Satu analisa</text>
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                <text>Sebagai panglima perang Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. telah menghadapi ancaman dari musuh-musuh Islam mahupun dari luar atau dalam negeri. Bagi menghadapi ancaman keganasan dan pencerobohan Rasulullah telah menyusun strategi peperangan yang mantap. Selain itu, Rasulullah melatih orang-orang  Islam dalam kemahiran menggunakan senjata dan taktik peperangan. Selain berlatih berperang baginda telah membentuk tenteranya di dalam pembersihan jiwa dengan bertaqwa dan beriman kepada Allah. Dengan keimanan ini tenteranya mempunyai disiplin yang tinggi serta daya ketahanan mental dan fizikal yang sukar diperolehi oleh tentera musuh. Semasa memimpin tenteranya di medan perang Rasulullah S.A.W. menghadapi kesukaran tetapi dengan kebijaksanaan, ketaqwaan, kesabaran dan kecekapan maka malapetaka dapat dielakkan dan disebaliknya kemenangan dicapai.&#13;
&#13;
Oleh itu, amatlah penting bagi kita mempelajari dan memahami salasilah Rasulullah sebagai seorang manusia yang berdiri berhadapan kemungkaran dan kezaliman pada masa yang sama menyampaikan Risalah Allah. Beliau menghadapi segala tentangan, kesusahan, penyeksaan dan cercaan oleh bangsanya sendiri di Mekah tetapi Baginda menanggung semua itu dengan tabah dan sabar serta melayan musuh baginda dengan murah hati dan kasih sayang. </text>
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                <text>Mej Azhar Bin Omar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84669">
                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Azho&#13;
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