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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Peranan pasukan keselamatan semasa darurat Malaya yang kedua: Analisa</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Harapan rakyat dan pemimpin negara untuk mengecapi keamana yang berkekalan selepas zaman Darurat Pertama meleset apabila sekali lagi pemimpin dan kerajaan terutamany pasukan keselamatan terpaksa bekerja keras bagi menghadapi Zaman Darurat Kedua Malaysia. Niat dan tujuan pengganas komunis yang ingin mengambilalih tampuk utama pemerintahan negara sama sekali tidak dapat diterima oleh rakyat. Menyedari akan perkara ini maka pelbagai usaha dan aktiviti telah disusun atur dengan begitu rapi oleh kerajaan bagi menyelamatkan negara dari ancaman dan serangan pengganas komunis. Pasukan keselamatan yang terdiri daripada Angkatan Tentera, Pasukan Polis, Pasukan Sukarela serta pasukan dan kesatuan gabungan lain-lain telah bekerjasama dan berganding bahu untuk menentang keganasan yang telah dianjurkan oleh pengganas komunis dalam tempoh tersebut.&#13;
&#13;
Pelbagai operasi dan gerakan ke atas seluruh kawasan Semenanjung Malaysia, Sabah dan Sarawak telah dilaksanakan oleh pasukan tentera dan polis dalam menentukan semua keerluan, kemudahan dan kekuatan pengganas komunis dapat dimusnah dan dihapuskan. Sebagai agensi kerajaan yang telah dipertanggungjawabkan ke atas keselamatan negara, bangsa dan agama serta diiringi dengan rasa tanggungjawab, maka pasukan keselamatan yang telah diamanahkan, mengambil berbagai-bagai langkah untuk menjaga dan mengekalkan keamanaan negara yang tercinta ini. Dengan semangat perjuangan yang amat tinggi serta rasa ingin melihat negara sendiri dalam keadaan aman, maka keamanan negara telah dapat dicapai apabila negara diisytiharkan bebas dari ancaman pengganas komunis pada 2 Disember 1989. Sesungguhnya kejayaan ini bukanlah merupakan usaha oleh pasukan keselamatan semata-mata, sebaliknya ianya adalah merupakan usaha bersama oleh beberapa agensi kerajaan.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84640">
                <text>Lt Kdr Azman Bin Haji Ahmad TLDM</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84641">
                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Azmha&#13;
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84642">
                <text>1999</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84643">
                <text>kelly</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Project Paper&#13;
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>A515625284</text>
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        <name>Gerakan menentang komunis</name>
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      <tag tagId="2344">
        <name>Parti Komunis Malaya</name>
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      <tag tagId="2345">
        <name>Tentera Darat</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Sistem sapaan masyarakat Rungus di daerah Kudat Sabah</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sistem sapaan adalah satu bentuk sistem untuk menyapa sesama manusia berdasarkan kedudukan status mereka. Sistem sapaan ini akan merujuk apakah sapaan kepada seorang ayah kepada ayahnadanya iaitu samalah ertiniya seorang anak misalnya anak lelaki menyapa bapanya. Begitu juga dengan seprang lelaki menyapa ibunya. Sapaan ini juga merujuk sapaan-sapaan yang akan dibina sesama saudara kandung misalnya seorang adik akan menyapa seorang abangnya ataupun kakaknya dan begitu juga sebaliknya. Inilah yang dimaksudkan dengan sapaa di dalam sesuatu keluarga itu.&#13;
&#13;
Sistem sapaan ini bukan sahaja terdapat di dalam sesebuah keluarga tetapi juga terdapat di dalam kekeluargaan tidak kira kelarga luas dua generasi atau tiga generas. Ini termasuklah sapaan terhadap seseorang lelaki atau perempuan yang menyapa terhadap seorang pak cik atau mak ciknya. Ataupun sapaa terhadap sesama saudara sepupu sekali dua kali ataupun banyak kali.&#13;
&#13;
Oleh yang demikian, hasil daripada kajian yang akan dibuat maka kita dapat melihat betapa pelbagainya istilah-istilah dalam sapaan kaum berkenaan. Oleh itu, sapaan-sapaan ini jga terus dihunakan oleh golongan-golongan tua dan berumur. Tetapi bagi generasi muda, ada di antara mereka langsung tidak memahami serta tidak dapat menulurkan istilah sapaan itu. Kajian sebeginiliah yang boleh  sedikitnya sebanyak membantu pemeliharaan sistem sapaan berkenaan.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84611">
                <text>Abdul Khan Bin Yusof</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84612">
                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1998 Abdky&#13;
</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84613">
                <text>1997/98</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84614">
                <text>kelly</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84615">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84616">
                <text>A515625647</text>
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      <tag tagId="2338">
        <name>implikasi sistem sapaan</name>
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      <tag tagId="2337">
        <name>sistem kekeluargaan</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59816">
                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Daripada delinkuen kepada devian : Pelumba haram remaja Melayu di Kuala Lumpur</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Bab pertama akan menyentuh pengenalan kepada kertas projek iaitu dari aspek skop kajian, kepentingan kajian dan tujuan kajian. Malah, kaedah penyelidikan dan masalah kajian turut dibincangkan.&#13;
&#13;
Bab kedua akan membincangkan aspek-aspek teori yang meliputi teori delinkuen dan teori devian. Bab ini akan menyentuh aplikasi teori-teori ini serta penerangan mengenai teori tersebut. Perkembangan daripada delinkuen kepada devian juga akan dibincang.&#13;
&#13;
Bab ketiga pula akan menyentuh segala aspek yang berkaitan dengan lumba haram. Aspek-aspek tersebut adalah dari segi identiti pelumba, tujuan perlumbaan, proses perlumbaan dan banyak lagi.&#13;
&#13;
Bab keempat adalah bab yang merangkumi aspek analisa data dan hipotesis. Analisa data dilakukan melalui hasil borang soal-selidik. Melalui data yang telah dianalisa hipotesis akan dilakukan.&#13;
&#13;
Bab terakhir adalah bab kelima, iaitu bab ini akan menyentuh langkah-langkah yang sepatutnya diambil untuk membendung masalah ini. Malah bab ini juga meliputi kesimpulan yang dilakukan berdasarkan tajuk kajian.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84577">
                <text>Maran A/L Perianen</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84578">
                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1998 Mar&#13;
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1998</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>kelly</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84581">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84582">
                <text>A515614105</text>
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      <tag tagId="2334">
        <name>faktor delinkuen</name>
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      <tag tagId="2333">
        <name>jenis perlumbaan</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59816">
                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Rumah Melayu di daerah Jempul, Bahau : Dengan penumpuan khusus ke atas rumah tradisional Melayu</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Daerah Jempul diwujudkan pada 1 Januari 1980 melalui warta kerajaan Negeri Sembilan nombor 523 bertarikh 29 November 1979. Ia merupakan daerah terbaru di Negeri Sembilan. Sebelum wujudnya daerah ini Jempul dikenali sebagai Bahau.&#13;
&#13;
Rumah adalah satu keperluan dalam hidup manusia. Rumah jika ditinjau dari sudut fizikal merupakan sebagai tempat berlindung dari hujan dan panas sebagai pengakaln tempat bertolak, berlabuh dan pulang dan juga tempat  aktiviti-aktiviti dan kemasyarakatan dijalankan.&#13;
&#13;
Rumah juga adalah satu peralatan budaya yang dicipta oleh manusia bagi memudahkan kehidupan mereka. Sememangnya tidak dapat dinafikan rumah Melayu adalah salah satu artifak budaya yang begitu unik dan ideal sifatnya. Dengan yang demikian bentuk-bentuk rumah tradisional Melayu yang dibina sebegitu rupa bukan setakat memenuhi nilai guna masyarakat Melayu Ia merupakan satu perlambamgan yang dapat memberikan suatu gambaran tentang sikap, nilai-nilai pemikiran serta corak kehidupan masyarakat dan budaya Melayu.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
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                <text>By the end of February 1948, the MCP began their offensive by conducting hostilities, strikes and the intimidation of the people. During this period the BMA were collecting evidence against the Communist activities to curb the insurrection. Finally the government decided upon the State of Emergency to fight against the insurgents on 16 June 1948 with the killing of three Europeans managers in Sungai Siput, Perak and other series of murders and acts of sabotage happening in Malaya. Various actions were taken by the government to boost the security forces strength including the forming of Home Guard and the expansion of the police force such as the Special Constable, the Auxiliary Police, the Jungle Squads and the Special Branch. The Royal Air Force was also diversifying its role with the introduction of helicopters and its employment had enhanced the deployment of troops and air transportation of foods and equipment deep inside the jungle.&#13;
&#13;
The government through Lt Gen Sir Harold Briggs introduced the Briggs Plan to deter and control the population from giving supports to the insurgents in new settlement areas called 'New Villages'. In 1952, the ground operations were intensified when Sir Gerald Templer took over command as the Director of Operation. He emphasized on 'Hearts and Mind' operation to get the support from the population in fighting against the insurgents. During this period the security forces were able to kill nearly 2,340 communists while the security forces suffered 937 killed. Finally on 17 July 1960, the government officially declared the end of the first emergency in Malaya.</text>
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                <text>Peranan pasukan keselamatan semasa darurat Malaysia pertama: Satu analisa</text>
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                <text>PKM di bawah kepimpinan Chin Peng telah memulakan pemberontakan bersenjata pada 17 Mac 1948 dengan melancarkan serangan gerila ke atas ladang-ladang getah dan kawasan pedalaman. Peristiwa pembunuhan 3 orang pengurus ladang di Sungai Siput, Perak pada 16 Jun 1948 telah membawa perubahan kepada peranan Pasukan Keselamatan di dalam menghapuskan pemberontakan PKM. Darurat diisytiharkan pada 17 Jun 1948 di negeri Perak dan diperluaskan ke seluruh Tanah Melayu.&#13;
&#13;
Strategi dan perancangan yang dilaksankan oleh kerajaan telah membolehkan Pasukan Keselamatan bertindak dengan lebih berkesan. Rancangan Briggs yang mempunyai serampang dua mata ternyata nerkesan membendung pergerakan dan pengaruh komunis malah memberi ruang yang lebih luas kepada Pasukan Keselamatan menggunakan strategi dan taktik ketenteraan di dalam operasi-operasi bagi menghapuskan gerila PKM. Struktur organisasi kerajaan melalui penubuhan Majlis Perang Persekutuan yang mengkoordinasikan semua tindakan yang diambil oleh Tentera, Polis dan Pihak Berkuasa Awam telah membolehkan Pasukan Keselamatan merangka rancangan gerakan secara bersepadu.&#13;
&#13;
Pasukan Keselamatan akhirnya berjaya mematahkan pemberontakan PKM, malah telah memberi pukulan teruk sehingga memaksa saki baki gerila PKM melarikan diri jauh ke dalam hitan dan ke sempadan Thailand. Setelah membut perimbangan ke atas keupayaan PKM, akhirnya Darurat telah diisytiharkan tamat oleh kerajaan pada 17 Julai 1960. Dengan berakhirnya Darurat, operasi Pasukan Keselamatan diteruskan oleh pasukan Polis dan Tentera Persekutuan Tanah Melayu tanpa bantuan daripada Tentera British dan Negara-negara Komanwel. Pasukan Polis Khas dan "Home Guard" turut dibubarkan.</text>
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                <text>Mej Abd Razak Bin Ibrahim</text>
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                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1999 Abdri</text>
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                <text>kelly</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>The process of nation building in Malaysia started since its independence in 1957. The process of nation building involves the development of its members and communities, politically, economically and socially. This process of modernisation is not a mere and easy task to perform.&#13;
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Malaysia has since then prosper and is moving forward toward a fully developed nation by 2020. It has managed to attain an impressive economic growth of above 8% for the last one decade. All this achievement has not come easy. Malaysia faced various threats and challenges both internally and externally in developing its nation. Therefore the process of nation building is neither autonomous in its dynamics nor free to select at random its goals.&#13;
&#13;
Military in its professional entities is the provider of security and stability towards a nation. This condition is imperative in ensuring the economic growth and the process of nation building to proceed and developed. In this case the Malaysian Armed Forces has and will continue to contributes toward this process, especially with the future challenges which will be more complex in its dimensions.</text>
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                <text>Lt. Kdr Zulbakri Bin Idris TLDM</text>
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University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Zuli&#13;
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                <text>Pengaruh dialek Perak di kalangan pelajar-pelajar Sekolah Kebangsaan Sungai Keli, Perak Darul Ridzuan</text>
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                <text>Bertutur adalah kegiatan melafazkan sederetan bunyi yang lahir daripada gerakan alat sebutan (artikulator) manusia. Oleh itu, penguasaan berbahasa yang baik biasanya menghasilkan kebiasaan berkomunikasi yang sempurna dan berkesan. Sungguhpun bahasa Melayu kini digunakan sepenuhnya dalam sistem pendidikan negara, timbul keraguan sama ada dialek-dialek Melayu turut mempengaruhi pelajar-pelajar dalam proses pembelajaran mereka.&#13;
&#13;
Ajib Che Kob (1981:491) dalam satu simposium "Simposium Dialek: Penyelidikan dan Pendidikan" di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Ada dua golongan pendapat yang pro atau kontra mengenai pengaruh dialek dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Golongan pertama diwakili oleh pengkaji seperti Azman Wan Chik yang menganggap dialek sebagai satu unsur berfaedah dan bermanfaat. Beliau mengesyorkan supaya dialek itu diterangkan dalam beberapa aspek. Golongan kedua diwakili oleh pengkaji seperti Abd Hamid Mahmood, mereka berpendapat bahawa dialek memang mempengaruhi serta memberi gangguan terhadap pengajaran bahasa Malaysia. Golongan ini mencadangkan supaya penggunaan dialek seminimum mungkin terutama di sekolah-sekolah.</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this paper is to highlight the political existing in Southeast Asia Region focusing on the past trend and future possibilities. Although, the Southeast Asia region is small as opposed to other continent, there are however many security and economic problem that influence the political stability. More importantly, it seems that Southeast Asia political stability is crucial in understanding on apparent transformation of the major power of the United States in this post cold war era.&#13;
&#13;
Any assessment of the security dimension in Southeast Asia will be confined to discussion of the superpowers namely the United States, Soviet Union, China and Japan. The interaction between those powers defines the likely changes of the security configuration within this region that will further influence the political and economic stability.&#13;
&#13;
As mentioned earlier, security dimension should not be understood only from the perspective of defence and military build-up because they also involve political and economic strategies. Economies such as free trade may be the most important agenda o national survival and therefore its security will determine the development of the political stability in the region. The roles of superpower such as the United States and the Soviet Union by no means extend the security issues as a power balance in the region.</text>
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University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Zahh&#13;
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Five Power Defence in an ASEAN world</text>
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                <text>This paper attempts to recognise the fact that the Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) cannot be studied in isolation. The regional context of the arrangements must be taken into account. These defence arrangements exist in the shadow of a significant regional association and one that was in existence before FPDA, namely the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN began with five members and while it is now seven members strong (of significance including Vietnam) it is still in process of maturing with Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia now officially approved to join the association in July 1997.&#13;
&#13;
In 1971, ministerial representatives of Malaysia, Singapore, Britain, Australia and New Zealand became signatories to a set of loose consultative arrangements known as FPDA. The loosely binding nature of these arrangements reflected a sign of the times; namely the British policy to withdraw troops from "East of the Suez" and a changing regional situation. This situation was in significant contrast to the defence treaty in place before FPDA, termed the Anglo-Malaysian Defence Agreement (AMDA), which was much more binding in nature and more a manifestation of the complicated situation of commitment that Britain's had placed herself in since colonisation.</text>
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                <text>Sqnldr Neil Edward South</text>
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University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Sou&#13;
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                <text>kelly</text>
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                <text>Tentera dan politik di Malaysia dan Indonesia: Perbandingan dua model</text>
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                <text>Pandangan dari pengkaji sains politik sistem politik yang dicampuri oleh tentera bukanlah sebuah negara yang sihat. Sikap penduduk negara tersebut sering digambarkan dengan ketakutan, berlakunya pemberontakan dan kudeta, mempunyai keadaan ekonomi yang meleset di mana pelabur dalam dan luar negeri takut untuk melaksanakan aktiviti-aktiviti ekonomi. Dari segi pertahnan pula, persepsi negara jiran sering dihantui oleh kuasa negara yang mengamalkan sistem pemerintah tentera. Mungkinkah ini berlaku kepada kerajaan Demokrasi Pancasila yang diamalkan oleh Republik Indonesia.&#13;
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Di era teknologi ini, campur tangan tentera bukan satu fenomena masyarakat antarabangsa. Kebebasan memilih kerajaan oleh rakyat dan mengarahkan kerajaan membuat polisi-polisi kesejahteraan adalah merupakan satu agenda utama. Badan-badan Bukan Kerjaan begitu sibuk dan berani dalam mempersoalkan hak asasi manusia. &#13;
&#13;
Bagaimanapula dengan negara yang mengamalkan sistem demokrasi adakah mereka tidak mempunyai masalah dalam menangani jebuntuan negara. Malaysia yang mengamalkan sistem Demokrasi Berparlimen adalah sering dihormati oleh negara sekitar.</text>
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                <text>Shahruddin Bin Hanifah</text>
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                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
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                <text>Penggunaan bahan rujukan bahasa Melayu: Kajian khusus di fakulti undang-undang Universiti Malaya</text>
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                <text>Usaha memartabatkan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar ilmu di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi (seterusnya disebut sebagai IPT) telah bermula sejak tahun 1983 lagi. Kini usaha pendaulatan bahasa Melayu telah berjaya menempatkan tarafnya selaras dengan statusnya sebagai bahasa kebangsaan Malaysia, sebagaimana yang telah termaktub di dalam perlembagaan negara. Namun status yang dimiliki oleh bahasa Melayu ini tidak boleh sekadar dimaktubkan di dalam akta mana-mana. Seharusnya, ia diamalkan dan menjadi pegangan setiap lapisan masyarakat Malaysia tanpa ragu-ragu. Sebaliknya, bahasa Melayu sering kali dibelenggu permasalahan sikap golongan tertentu yang masih enggan mengakui keupayaan bahasa Melayu sebagai wahana pendidikan, terutamanya di IPT tempatan. &#13;
&#13;
Bahasa Melayu seharusnya telah lama direalisasikan sebagai bahasa pengajaran dan pembelajaran di IPT selaras dengan pendaulatannya sebagai bahasa kebangsaan dan bahasa rasmi yang tunggal di Malaysia. Namun, fenomena yang berlaku adalah fungsi sebenar bahasa Melayu yang diberikan tempat sepenuhnya terutamanya di dalam bidang ilmu yang berteraskan sains dan teknologi serta profesional. Misalnya, IPT tempatan sendiri masih lagi mengutamakan bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa pengantar di dalam aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajarannya. Bahan rujukan yang tersedia masih banyak yang bersumberkan bahasa Inggeris dan penguasaan bahasa Inggeris merupakan aset penting bagi mahasiswa untuk menimba ilmu pengetahuan.</text>
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                <text>Noor Aziah Bte Ahmad</text>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Nooaa&#13;
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                <text>Kertas projek ini dihasilkan bagi mengkaji penggunaan bahasa dalam novel kesusasteraan Melayu moden berjudul Syajar hasil karya Mana Sikana. Di samping itu, secara tidak langsung memperlihatkan ciri-ciri utama bahasa dalam kesusasteraan Melayu moden bentuk prosa.&#13;
&#13;
Di dalam kertas projek ini, ia mengandungi lima bab. Di dalam bab satu iaitu pendahuluan, ia meliputi latar belakang kajian, tujuan dan kepentingan kajian, bahan dan bidang kajian, metodologi kajian dan sinopsis cerita. Latar belakang kajian meninjau sejarah kajian penggunaan bahasa scara pendekatam lingusitik dan sastera dalam karya kesusasteraan Melayu. Tujuan dan kepentingan kajian melihat apakah tujuan atau objektif yang hendak dicapai melalui kajian ini dan bagaimanan kepentingan kajian dihasilkan. Bahan dan bidang kajian menerangkan bahan yang dijadikan kajian iaitu, novel kesusasteraan Melayu bentuk prosa dan bidang skop kajian iaitu bahasa. Metodologi pula melihat pendekatan yang digunakan untuk kajian iaitu pendekatan linguistik Transformasi Generatif dan pendekatan sastera.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84389">
                <text>Rugijah @ Ruzita Bte Tumeran</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84390">
                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Rugrt&#13;
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            <name>Date</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84391">
                <text>1996/97</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84392">
                <text>kelly</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>Project Paper</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84394">
                <text>A515625505</text>
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      <tag tagId="2307">
        <name>gaya bahasa</name>
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        <name>jenis-jenis ayat</name>
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        <name>morfologi</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Sources of future domestic conflicts in Malaysia</text>
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                <text>Malaysia is a beautiful rain forest country. It is rich in terms of natural resources, its ethnic, cultures and colonial heritage. Presently, its people live in harmony, prosperity and have tolerance and understanding towards each other. However, will this situation last forever? Many Malaysian strategists believed that, Malaysia will not face any threat in the next few years but, is it true? It is with these predicament that this paper intends to explore.&#13;
&#13;
The past history occasionally repeated as a reminder to us, whatever you have today, may not be available tomorrow. Conflict is part of human nature, where humans are always making trouble and dare to kill each other in order to fulfil their instinct as a scientist of Yale University reiterates that, 'in each human being there is a bad evil instinct'. After World War II, more than 150 conflicts have occurred in this world with most of them being internal conflicts. As has been witnessed, most of them have appeared in the third world countries with a few incidents being from western countries such as in the Former Republic of Yugoslavia and Former USSR. Conflict in psychological terms, "is the struggle that goes on in a person's mind when he or she has competing wishes and feelings or situations and goals. This condition causes the person to have increased tension or anxiety'. This tension and anxiety would escalate and affect this community or state.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84381">
                <text>Mejar Ramli Bin Abu Bakar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84382">
                <text>Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences &#13;
University of Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Ramab&#13;
</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84383">
                <text>1997</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84384">
                <text>kelly</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84386">
                <text>A515625182</text>
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        <name>domestic conflicts</name>
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        <name>economic threat</name>
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        <name>political threat</name>
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        <name>racial threat</name>
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  <item itemId="14671" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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            <element elementId="41">
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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              <name>Date</name>
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              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59816">
                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59817">
                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84364">
                <text>Syair Siti Zubaidah Perang China: Kajian dari aspek morfologi</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84365">
                <text>Syair Siti Zubaidah merupakan salah satu bentuk puisi Melayu lama. Puisi dalam bahasa Belanda disebut sebagai "Poezie" manakala dalam bahasa Yunani dan Latin ia disebut sebagai "Poietes". Dalam Kamus Dewan (1996:1063) puisi didefiniskan sebagai karangan yang berbentuk sajak (syair, pantun dan lain-lain). Dalam bahasa Inggeris pula ia disebut "Poetry". Puisi adalah merupakan karangan berangkap yang disusun mengikut peraturan-peraturan tertentu. Kata-kata yang digunakan di dalam sesebuah puisi amat mementingkan unsur irama, bunyi, rima dan kiasan. Adakalanya pengarang menggunakan puisi sebagai satu satu cara meluahkan perasaan. Syair merupakan sebuah puisi yang mementingkan nilai-nilai keindahan dan ia merupakan salah sebuah karya sastera yang terhasil daripada gabungan perasaan dan fikiran yang indah dan bernilai. Syair biasanya dapat membangkitkan berbagai perasaan dan pengalaman dan digunakan dalam susunan kata-kata yang indah.</text>
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                <text>Rosita Bt. Kemin</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84367">
                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Rosk&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84369">
                <text>kelly</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84370">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84371">
                <text>A515625559</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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      <tag tagId="2301">
        <name>laras bahasa</name>
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      <tag tagId="2299">
        <name>morfologi</name>
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      <tag tagId="2300">
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          <elementContainer>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Syair merpati, syair ma'rifat, syair nasihat : Analisis, sinopsis, anotasi dan transliterasi sebuah manuskrip Melayu</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84357">
                <text>Kemunculan kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu dengan tamadun yang tinggi telah meninggalkan sejumlah besar pusaka ilmu yang amat bernilai, iaitu dalam bentuk kitab atau manuskrip lama. Dengan tersebarnya agama Islam di Alam Melayu, terutamanya pada zaman Kerajaan Acheh Darussalam (1511-1605), banyak manuskrip Melayu-Islam telah dihasilkan oleh para ulama sejak abad ke-15 hinggalah ke abad 19.&#13;
&#13;
Karya-karya kesusasteraan klasik seperti kitab-kitab jawi lama, kitab undang-undang lama atau kanun-kanun di negeri Melayu telah berjaya disebarkan dengan meluas sama ada dalam bentuk manuskrip bertulisan dtangan atau pun pengucapan lisan. Oleh kerana naskhah-naskhah Melayu lama ini ditulis dalam tu;isan jawi, maka agak sukar bagi masyarakat Melayu Islam pada abad ke-20 untuk membaca teks-teks jawi yang ditulis oleh ulama-ulama silam ini. Akibatnya sebahagian besar daripada masyarakat Melayu sekarang kurang berminat untuk membaca teks-teks klasik apatah lagi mengkajinya. Kesulitan membaca manuskrip-manuskrip ini disebabkan tiadanya satu sistem tulisan jawi yang baku pada zaman itu. Setiap pengarang atau penulis mengeja mengikut fahaman masing-masing.&#13;
&#13;
Sebagaimana yang diketahui, sebahagian besar masyarakat Melayu pada abad ke-19, belum pandai membaca dan menulis. Oleh itu untuk mereka membaca kitab-kitab agama yang ditulis oleh para ulama adalah suatu yang payah bagi mereka. Justeri itu, kemunculan syair agama bukanlah untuk mengambil alih kitab-kitab agama malah ia berfungsi sebagai pelengkap kepada kitab-kitab agama.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Siti Hawa Bte Ahmad</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Sitha&#13;
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>1996/97</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84361">
                <text>kelly</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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        <name>analisis teks</name>
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        <name>kosa kata</name>
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      <tag tagId="2297">
        <name>teknik penyampaian syair</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Konsep pertahanan menyeluruh di Malaysia pasukan simpanan menuju tahun 2020</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Setiap warganegara di seluruh dunia menyedari peperangan membawa pelbagai kesengsaraan jiwa dan harta benda. Setiap nyawa yang terkorban bererti kerugian kepada negara. Sejarah membuktikan peperangan melibatkan semua rakyat sama ada secara langsung atau pun tidak langsung. perang Teluk dan pergolakan di Bosnia seolah-olah menyedarkan dan meminta perhatian yang lebih berat ditumpukan kepada soal pertahanan. Berdasarkan peristiwa-peristiwa yang berlaku maka berbagai persoalan disuarakan oleh rakyat terhadap kerajaan. Antaranya adakah kita mampu mempertahankan negara atau mampukah Angkatan Tentera Malaysia (ATM) menjamin keselamatan negara dari ancaman dalam mahupun luar negara. Adakah kita mempunyai kelengkapan yang cukup canggih mengikut perkembahan teknologi mutakhir atau masih pada takuk lama? Ini jelas mencerminkan bahawa tuntutan keselamatan negara menjadi teras dan perlu diberi perhatian serius oleh pihak-pihak berkenaan.&#13;
&#13;
Rakyat di negara ini kini lebih matang dalam membuat perbandingan dan menilai faedah dan prestasi serta identiti pertahanan negara dengan negara-negara lain. Sewajarnya Kementerian Pertahanan dapat mewujudkan hasil-hasil yang boleh meningatkan sumbangan-sumbangan inovatif yang berkesan dari segi keanggotaan, kelengkapan (logistik), skim perkhidmatan yang menggalakkan, perkembangan teknologi termasuklah pendidikan dan pembangunan ATM. Justeru itu, Pasukan Simpanan yang memikul tanggungjawab bersama di dalam aspek keselamatanm dan keamanan negara amat perlu dimantapkan. Satu kerjasama bersepadu perlu diselenggarakan dengan kementerian-kementerian lain bagi menolong dan memperteguhkan sistem yang sedia ada. Sesungguhnya dari peringkat rakyat hinggalah ke peringkat pemimpin-pemimpin negara, mereka haruslah sedar dan memandang serius terhadap pembangunan pertahanan negara bagi menjamin pembangunan dan kemajuan negara yang tercinta.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84342">
                <text>Mejar Nazari Bin Abd Hadi</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84343">
                <text>Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial&#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Nazah&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84344">
                <text>1997</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84345">
                <text>kelly</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84346">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84347">
                <text>A515625148</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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      <tag tagId="2295">
        <name>askar wataniah</name>
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        <name>ATM</name>
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      <tag tagId="2294">
        <name>sistem latihan</name>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59809">
                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59816">
                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Penggunaan bahan cerpen dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Melayu</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Melayu, bahan merupakan faktor penting yang akan menentukan kejayaan proses itu. Penggunaan bahan dalam pengajaran dapat menggerakkan proses pembelajaran dan menimbulkan rangsangan serta keinginan kepada pelajar-pelajar untuk mengetahui sesuatu. Penggunaan bahan yang berkualiti juga akan menjadikan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran lebih menarik dan berkesan.&#13;
&#13;
Kenyataan ini menjelaskan bahawa penggunaan bahan dalam proses pengajaran bahasa begitu penting kerana bahn yang sesuai mampu mewujudkan rangsangan kepada proses pembelajaran. Ini seterusnya akan dapat memperkembangkan kecerdassan minda, memperkayakan pengalaman pelajar dan seterusnya membentuk sikap yang baik kepada pelajar-pelajar. Oleh itu, guru bertanggungjawab dalam menyusun dan merancang aktivti-aktiviti pengajaran dan pembelajaran dengan baik serta membuat pemilihan terhadap bahan yang akan digunakan. </text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84335">
                <text>Mohd. Nadzir Bin Zakaria</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84336">
                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Mohnz&#13;
</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84337">
                <text>kelly</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84338">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84339">
                <text>A515625457</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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      <tag tagId="413">
        <name>CERPEN</name>
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      <tag tagId="2293">
        <name>kemahiran</name>
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      <tag tagId="2292">
        <name>penguasaan tatabahasa</name>
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          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59809">
                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Penggunaan Pusat Sumber dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa Melayu</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Matlamat Pendidikan Negara untuk melahirkan insan yang menyeluruh dan bersepadu dari segi intelek, rohani, emosi dan jasmani. Bagi mencapai hasrat ini, KBSR dan KBSM berperanan untuk mengembang dan memajukan sistem pendidikan di negara ini. Perubahan-perubahan perlu dilakukan dari segi isi pelajaran, matlamat, konsep dan pendekatan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah.&#13;
&#13;
Perubahan-perubahan ini tidak sahaja dibebankan di bahu guru sekolah, malahan semua pihak perlu berganding bahu bagi memastikan hasrat Falsafah Pendidikan Negara ini tercapai. Kaedah pengajaran terkini memerlukan pelajaran menggunakan pelbagai sumber. Menurut klasifikasi sumber oleh G.O Chan (1980:1-114), guru hanya merupakan salah satu daripada sumber-sumber media.&#13;
&#13;
Pendapat ini menjelaskan bahawa sikap terlalu bergantung kepada guru bukanlah satu langkah yang baik kerana guru bukan merupakan sumber tunggal dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Oleh itu, amat wajar untuk kita mengenal pasti dan menilai semula peranan dan perkhidmatan professional Pusat Sumber Sekolah dalam konteks KBSR dan KBSM.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Mokhtar Bin Mustaffa</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Jabatan Pengajian Melayu &#13;
Universiti Malaya&#13;
PL5065 1997 Mokm&#13;
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1996/97</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="84329">
                <text>kelly</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>A515625474</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="84332">
                <text>Project Paper</text>
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        <name>guru</name>
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        <name>kemahiran bahasa</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59809">
                  <text>Abstrak Kertas Projek  APM</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="59810">
                  <text>Mengandungi maklumat  bibliografi  beserta abstrak kertas projek APM.</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="59816">
                  <text> 4. April 2023.</text>
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            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Haslan   Tamjehi</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Bhangra : Tarian kaum Sikh di Malaysia</text>
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                <text>Bhangra telah menjadi sebuah tarian yang popular di Malaysia. Sebarang pesta kebudayaan atau majlis perayaan tidak lengkap tanpa iringan tarian kaum Sikh ini. Kini, Bhangra tidak menjadi asing lagi kepada masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia. Sebagai tarian yang penuh dengan aksi dan pergerakan fizikal yang hebat Bhangra telah menarik perhatian rakyat Malaysia yang sebelum ini tidak mengenali tarian tersebut.&#13;
&#13;
Kertas projek ini akan mengkaji tarian tradisional kaum Sikh di Malaysia. Tujuan unggul kajian ini adalah untuk memberi satu pengenalan kepada masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia mengenai Bhangra. Tidak terdapat banyak bahan tulisan  mengenainya di Malaysia mahupun di Punjab. Mungkin selama ini tarian Bhangra hanya menjadi milik sebuah 'masyarakat tertutup' sahaja. Dua puluh tahun yang lalu Bhangra hanya ditarikan semasa majlis perkahwinan kaum Sikh. Kini kaum Sikh ingin menengahkan kebudayaan mereka dengan bangsa-bangsa lain di Malaysia.&#13;
&#13;
Bhangra sudah menjadi tarian kegemaran masyarakat dan diminati orang ramai. Permintaan untuk persembahan Bhangra kian meningkat. Ia menjadi kegemaran masyarakat Sikh dan bukan Sikh. Lagu-lagu Bhangra juga dimainkan di kelab-kelab disco.</text>
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Pengajaran dan pembelajaran bahasa yang lebih berpusat kepada pelajar adalah corak pengajaran bahasa yang memberi peluang kepada mereka untuk menggunakan bahasa seluas-luasnya. Di sini, jelas bahawa peranan guru amatlah penting untuk merancang bagi mewujudkan suasana pembelajaran yabg dikehendaki dan berkesan. Kaedah ini menjadikan pelajar-pelajar lebih aktif melalui aktiviti yang dirancang sesuai dengan tujuan, minat, bakat, kebolehan dan latar belakang mereka.&#13;
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Kebijaksanaan guru merancang pembelajaran dan pengajaran akan menjadi lebih berkesan jika bersesuaian dengan penggunaan alat atau bahan bantu mengajar. Bahanlah yang menggerakkan pembelajaran, menimbul rangsangan dan keinginan belajar untuk mengetahui sesuatu. Penggunaan bahan jugan akan menjadikan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran lebih menarik dan berkesan.</text>
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&#13;
Menyedari hakikat ini, kajian ini difokuskan kepada penguasaan tulisan jawi di kalangan pelajar tingkatan dua kerana pengkaji yakin bahawa salah satu punca kelemahan dan penguasaan jawi di kalangan masyarakat berpunca daripada kelemahan dalam sistem pendidikan yang diamalkan di negara kita. Melalui kajian ini akan dapt dilihat kelemahan-kelemahan, cadangan-cadangan dan pandangan-pandagan daripada murid dan guru demi memperbaik kualiti penghayatan tulisan jawi supaya unsur budaya Melayu yang unik itu berdaya mengekalkan kewujudannya dan kembali memainkan peranan penting dalam masyrakat Melayu moden pada masa kini dan masa akan datang.</text>
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&#13;
Dalam Bab 1 dibincangkan tentang latar belakang dialek di Kedah termasuk dialek Patani-Baling sebagai sub-dialek kepada dialek Kedah. Bab ini juga memuatkan tentang tujuan kajian dibuat, penyataan masalah, batasan kajian, metodologi kajian dan beberapa definisi dialek yang diberikan oleh para sarjana tempatan mahupun sarjana barat.&#13;
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&#13;
Bab 4 pula membincangkan aspek leksikal dan kosa kata. Aspek ini merangkumi aspek pembinaan kata satu sukukata dan pembinaan kata dua sukukata dan lebih, kata monosilabik dan apek kosa kata. Dalam aspek kosa kata, kajian ini membincangkan kata dari segi Kata Nama, Kata Kerja dan Kata Adjektif.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Masliza Sirat</text>
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Universiti Malaya</text>
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                <text>A515619805</text>
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                <text>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Main Puteri merupakan satu daripada permainan tradisi Melayu yang menitikberatkan aspek perbomohan atau perdukunan melalui jampi mantera dan menurun (trance) yang ditujukan kepada kuasa luar biasa seperti jin,hantu dan sebagainya. Main Puteri juga adalah untuk mengetahui penyakit yang dideritai oleh pesakit seterusnya mengubat penyakit tersebutyang mana sering dikaitkan dengan kuasa luar biasa yang amat dipercayai oleh masyarakat Melayu sebelum kedatangan Islam. Penyakit yang biasa diubati secara Main Puteri ialah penyakit yang tidak dapat dikesan oleh doktor moden seperti gila, terkena buatan orang dan penyakit-penyakit angin.&lt;/li&gt;
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                <text>Nobat tergolong dalam ensembel muzik tradisional dan merupakan salah satu alat kebesaran keluarga diraja. Ia tidak diwarisi oleh rakyat jelata. Muzik nobat juga tidak boleh dimainkan tanpa keizinan daripada sultan terlebih dahulu. Oleh itu ia hanya dimainkan pada waktu-waktu tertentu sahaja.&#13;
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