<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Also%2C+one+of+the+first+policy+statements+made+during+his+acceptance+speech+was+that+POASM+would+encourage+Malays+to+become+members.+The+suggestion+provoked+much+debate%2C+but+no+vote+was+taken+on+the+matter.+Subsequently%2C+in+February+1992%2C+it+was+learned+that+the+JHEOA+Director-General+became+a+member+and+was+reportedly+appointed+an+Advisor.+Several+Malays%2C+mainly+those+working+with+the+JHEOA%2C+were+also+said+to+have+applied+to+become+members.%22">"Also, one of the first policy statements made during his acceptance speech was that POASM would encourage Malays to become members. The suggestion provoked much debate, but no vote was taken on the matter. Subsequently, in February 1992, it was learned that the JHEOA Director-General became a member and was reportedly appointed an Advisor. Several Malays, mainly those working with the JHEOA, were also said to have applied to become members."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.94. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Hence%2C+it+is+not+uncommon+to+have+two+headmen+in+a+particular+settlement%3A+one+hereditary+or+elected+by+the+community%2C+the+other+appointed+by+the+JHEOA.+The+tendency+is+for+the+JHEOA+to+appoint+someone+who+is+at+least+a+little+literate+in+Mlay%2C+and+preferably+someone+who+is+amenable+to+its+dictates.+This+usually+implies+a+younger+person%2C+and+therefore+usually+someone+less+experiences+in+the+traditions+and+customs+of+thee+community.%22">"Hence, it is not uncommon to have two headmen in a particular settlement: one hereditary or elected by the community, the other appointed by the JHEOA. The tendency is for the JHEOA to appoint someone who is at least a little literate in Mlay, and preferably someone who is amenable to its dictates. This usually implies a younger person, and therefore usually someone less experiences in the traditions and customs of thee community."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.209. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Over+the+years%2C+Orang+Asli+leaders%2C+especiall+those+in+POASM%2C+have+advocated+that+they+needed+to+participate+in+the+political+arena+if+they+wanted+to+make+themselves+heard+and+recognised.+There+have+been+frequent+calls+for+POASM+itself+to+be+turned+into+a+political+party.%22">"Over the years, Orang Asli leaders, especiall those in POASM, have advocated that they needed to participate in the political arena if they wanted to make themselves heard and recognised. There have been frequent calls for POASM itself to be turned into a political party."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.195. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22The+heavy-handed+manner+in+which+the+houses+were+demolished+-+without+prior+warning+to+the+owners+and+despite+the+matter+still+being+handled+by+their+lawyers+-+infuriated+POASM+leaders+enough+to+want+to+make+their+displeasure+visible+and+loud.+The+demonstration+was+to+inform+the+authorities+that+the+memorandum+submitted+on+that+day+to+the+Deputy+Prime+Minister+had+the+support+of+the+Orang+Asli.+There+was+good+media+coverage+of+the+event+but+the+action+did+not+solicit+any+positive+response+from+the+authorities+involved.%22">"The heavy-handed manner in which the houses were demolished - without prior warning to the owners and despite the matter still being handled by their lawyers - infuriated POASM leaders enough to want to make their displeasure visible and loud. The demonstration was to inform the authorities that the memorandum submitted on that day to the Deputy Prime Minister had the support of the Orang Asli. There was good media coverage of the event but the action did not solicit any positive response from the authorities involved."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.187. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22We+must+seek+rights+not+only+for+ourselves%2C+but+also+for+all+Orang+Asli%2C+all+suku-kaum%2C+all+kampungs.+Or+else%2C+we+will+have+no+land+later.+We+are+being+pushed+here+and+there+when+the+goverment+wants+to+have+a+certain+project+...+Felda%2C+Felcra.+We+must+have+laws+to+protect+our+land+from+government+schemes.+How+can+we+have+these+laws%3F+We+can+ask+POASM+to+help+us.+They+are+our+persatuan.+We+are+not+alone.+There+are+other+groups+and+other+countries+that+support+our+struggle+and+want+to+protect+our+rights.%22">"We must seek rights not only for ourselves, but also for all Orang Asli, all suku-kaum, all kampungs. Or else, we will have no land later. We are being pushed here and there when the goverment wants to have a certain project ... Felda, Felcra. We must have laws to protect our land from government schemes. How can we have these laws? We can ask POASM to help us. They are our persatuan. We are not alone. There are other groups and other countries that support our struggle and want to protect our rights."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.173. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22In+August%2C+at+a+special+function+for+the+Orang+Asli+community+in+Kelantan%2C+Tengku+Razaleigh%2C+now+the+state+UMNO+liaison+committee+chairman%[binary]%28New+Straits+Times+4.8.1999%29.+At+the+same+function%2C+Tengku+Razaleigh%2C+in+his+call+to+the+Orang+Asli+to+thelp+the+Barisan+Nasional+win+in+the+coming+general+election%2C+also+claimed+tha+several+areas+of+Orang+Asli+reserve+land+had+been+enroached+upon+by+some+quarters%2C+including+state+goverment+agencies%2C+for+logging+and+other+activities.%22">"In August, at a special function for the Orang Asli community in Kelantan, Tengku Razaleigh, now the state UMNO liaison committee chairman, told the Orang Asli that their living condition and livelihood would be better under a Barisan Nasional state government which would also take measures to overcome problems concerning the Orang Asli community including matters pertaining to the gazatting of the Orang Asli reserves (New Straits Times 4.8.1999). At the same function, Tengku Razaleigh, in his call to the Orang Asli to thelp the Barisan Nasional win in the coming general election, also claimed tha several areas of Orang Asli reserve land had been enroached upon by some quarters, including state goverment agencies, for logging and other activities."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.165. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22In+a+further+move+to+encourage+Orang+Asli+to+join+UMNO+-+and+so+help+the+party+achieve+its+600%2C000+membership+-+UMNO+Secretary-General%2C+Mohamed+Rahmat%2C+remarked+that+the+Orang+Asli%2C+%22should+be+given+the+chance+to+be+actively+involved+in+the+country%27s+politics...They+also+had+the+right+to+decide+on+the+position+of+the+country%27s+leadership%22+%28The+Star+21.2.1989%29.+Clearly%2C+then%2C+the+eal+motive+for+opening+the+party%27s+doors+to+the+Orang+Asl+was+to+help+secure+the+position+of+the+%22country%27s+leadership%22.%22">"In a further move to encourage Orang Asli to join UMNO - and so help the party achieve its 600,000 membership - UMNO Secretary-General, Mohamed Rahmat, remarked that the Orang Asli, "should be given the chance to be actively involved in the country's politics...They also had the right to decide on the position of the country's leadership" (The Star 21.2.1989). Clearly, then, the eal motive for opening the party's doors to the Orang Asl was to help secure the position of the "country's leadership"."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.157. DS595.2 O73Nic
This is not to suggest that early Orang Asli...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22This+is+not+to+suggest+that+early+Orang+Asli+societies+developed+in+isolation.+On+the+contrary%2C+far+from+remaining+static%2C+they+have+had+to+continually+change+and+adapt+themselves+and+their+social+organisation+to+their+environment%2C+their+neighbours%2C+and+to+new+centres+of+power.+However%2C+the+Emergency%2C+and+the+consequent+attention+paid+to+them+by+the+government+through+the+agency+if+the+JHEOA%2C+were+to+further+exposed+Orang+Asli+groups+to+one+another.+Some+have+attributed+this+increased+awareness+%28of+other+Orang+Asli+groups%29+to+the+mixing+at+the+Orang+Asli+hospital+in+Gombak%2C+at+the+annual+JHEOA+social+events%2C+or+in+district+or+state-level+official+events+organised+for+the+Orang+Asli.%22">"This is not to suggest that early Orang Asli societies developed in isolation. On the contrary, far from remaining static, they have had to continually change and adapt themselves and their social organisation to their environment, their neighbours, and to new centres of power. However, the Emergency, and the consequent attention paid to them by the government through the agency if the JHEOA, were to further exposed Orang Asli groups to one another. Some have attributed this increased awareness (of other Orang Asli groups) to the mixing at the Orang Asli hospital in Gombak, at the annual JHEOA social events, or in district or state-level official events organised for the Orang Asli."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.147. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22The+State+Culture%2C+Arts+and+Tourism+Committee+Chairman%2C+Shahiruddin+Moin%2C+said+that%2C+%22Although+it+is+natural+for+women+of+the+tribe+to+live+half+naked+in+the+village%2C+their+photographs+may+give+a+wrong+impression+that+Malays+here+are+dressed+in+that+manner%22+%28The+Star+3.8.1997%29.+The+State+Rural+Development+Chairman%2C+Omar+Othman%2C+was+then+assigned+to+look+into+the+matter+%28Berita+Harian+3.8.1997%2C+4.8.1997%2C+Utusan+Malaysia+4.8.1997%29.+No+official+announcement+was+made+about+the+ban+on+visits+to+the+Kuala+Yong+Batek+settlement+but+a+sequence+of+events+soon+followed+that+eventually+ressulted+in+such+a+ban.%22">"The State Culture, Arts and Tourism Committee Chairman, Shahiruddin Moin, said that, "Although it is natural for women of the tribe to live half naked in the village, their photographs may give a wrong impression that Malays here are dressed in that manner" (The Star 3.8.1997). The State Rural Development Chairman, Omar Othman, was then assigned to look into the matter (Berita Harian 3.8.1997, 4.8.1997, Utusan Malaysia 4.8.1997). No official announcement was made about the ban on visits to the Kuala Yong Batek settlement but a sequence of events soon followed that eventually ressulted in such a ban."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.134. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22However%2C+the+Orang+Asli+involved+were+not+happy+with+this+move.+Juki+Sungkai%2C+an+Orang+Asli+youth+leader%2C+had+questioned+why+forest+products+valued+at+RM60+million+%28USD15.8+million%29+were+to+be+apportioned+by+the+Koperasi+Daya+Asli+Johor+Berhad+%28mainly+set+up+by+JHEOA+officers%29+and+not+by+the+local+community.+For+this+reason+alone%2C+Juki+Added%2C+%22The+regroupment+project+in+Bekok+should+be+put+on+hold+because+the+project+was+given+to+a+company+which+is+not+in+accordance+with+the+Orang+Asli+Act%22+%28Utusan+Malaysia+10.6.1997%29.%22">"However, the Orang Asli involved were not happy with this move. Juki Sungkai, an Orang Asli youth leader, had questioned why forest products valued at RM60 million (USD15.8 million) were to be apportioned by the Koperasi Daya Asli Johor Berhad (mainly set up by JHEOA officers) and not by the local community. For this reason alone, Juki Added, "The regroupment project in Bekok should be put on hold because the project was given to a company which is not in accordance with the Orang Asli Act" (Utusan Malaysia 10.6.1997)."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.123. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Clearly+the+apparent+intention+of+the+Aboriginal+Peoples+Act+seems+to+be+the+refusal+to+recognise+the+Orang+Asli+as+the+autonomous+social+unit+that+they+were+in+the+past.+In+fact%2C+as+has+been+the+case+in+several+instances%2C+this+legal+instrument+has+been+effectively+used+to+deny+Orang+Asli+control+and+ownership+over+their+traditional+territories.%22">"Clearly the apparent intention of the Aboriginal Peoples Act seems to be the refusal to recognise the Orang Asli as the autonomous social unit that they were in the past. In fact, as has been the case in several instances, this legal instrument has been effectively used to deny Orang Asli control and ownership over their traditional territories."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.111. DS595.2 O73Nic
The issue of the Orang Asli's assimilation, however,...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22The+issue+of+the+Orang+Asli%27s+assimilation%2C+however%2C+is+not+merely+a+concern+of+the+ruling+government.+The+opposition+Islamic+party+PAS+concurs+with+the+view+that+Islamisation+should+be+a+strategy+for+lifting+the+Orang+Malays.+The+PAS+Member+of+Parliament+for+Kubang+Kerian%2C+Mohamed+Sabu%2C+even+suggested+that%2C+%22instead+of+being+recognised+as+Orang+Asli%2C+they+should+be+assimilated+into+the+Malay+race.+Their+culture+should+be+integrated+so+that+they+will+no+longer+be+considered+separated+from+Malays.%22+%28The+Star+26.11.1997%29%22">"The issue of the Orang Asli's assimilation, however, is not merely a concern of the ruling government. The opposition Islamic party PAS concurs with the view that Islamisation should be a strategy for lifting the Orang Malays. The PAS Member of Parliament for Kubang Kerian, Mohamed Sabu, even suggested that, "instead of being recognised as Orang Asli, they should be assimilated into the Malay race. Their culture should be integrated so that they will no longer be considered separated from Malays." (The Star 26.11.1997)"
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.101. DS595.2 O73Nic
In this regard, the 1961 Policy Statement...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22In+ths+regard%[binary].+It+clearly+spelt+out+several+affirmative+actions+that+needed+to+be+implemented++if+the+Orang+Asli+were+to+be+%22allowed+to+benefit+on+an+equal+footing+from+the+rights+and+opportunities+which+the+law+grants+to+the+other+sections+of+the+community%22+%28JHEOA+1961%3A+2%29.%22">"In ths regard, the 1961 Policy Statement was perhaps the most important document pertaining to Orang Asli development insofar as it accorded the Orang Asli some recognition of their rights as an indigenous people. It clearly spelt out several affirmative actions that needed to be implemented if the Orang Asli were to be "allowed to benefit on an equal footing from the rights and opportunities which the law grants to the other sections of the community" (JHEOA 1961: 2)."
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Despite+the+varying+negative+impacts+the+colonial+plan+had+on+the+Orang+Asli%2C+the+strategy+nevertheless+proved+successful+in+that+Orang+Asli+support+for+the+insurgents+waned%2C+and+the+Malayan+government+was+able+eventually+to+declare+the+end+of+the+Emergency+in+1960.%22">"Despite the varying negative impacts the colonial plan had on the Orang Asli, the strategy nevertheless proved successful in that Orang Asli support for the insurgents waned, and the Malayan government was able eventually to declare the end of the Emergency in 1960."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.82. DS595.2 O73Nic
Dunn (1975: 109) also noted that the Orang Asli...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Dunn+%281975%3A+109%29+also+noted+that+the+Orang+Asli+have+played+a+significant+role+in+the+Malaysian+Peninsula%27s+economic+history+as+collectors+and+primary+traders+as+early+as+the+5th+century+A.D.+This+is+confirmed+by+Andaya+and+Andaya+%281982%3A+11%29%2C+who+suggested+that+an+internal+trading+network+had+linked+the+periphery+of+the+forest+with+the+hinterland.+By+this+means%2C+goods+were+bartered+and+passed+from+one+group+of+Orang+Asli+forest+dwellers+to+another%2C+sometimes+over+forest+tracks+but+most+often+along+rivers.%22">"Dunn (1975: 109) also noted that the Orang Asli have played a significant role in the Malaysian Peninsula's economic history as collectors and primary traders as early as the 5th century A.D. This is confirmed by Andaya and Andaya (1982: 11), who suggested that an internal trading network had linked the periphery of the forest with the hinterland. By this means, goods were bartered and passed from one group of Orang Asli forest dwellers to another, sometimes over forest tracks but most often along rivers."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.72. DS595.2 O73Nic
The appropriation of Orang Asli resources, particularly...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22The+appropriation+of+Orang+Asli+resources%2C+particularly+their+traditional+territories%2C+becomes+an+important+project+of+the+state+for+both+economic+and+political+reasons.+Economically%2C+because+Orang+Asli+lands+are+no+longer+considered+a+%27frontier%27+resource%2C+such+territories+are+now+a+much+sought-after+factor-of-production%2C+especially+if+they+can+be+obtained+cheaply.%22">"The appropriation of Orang Asli resources, particularly their traditional territories, becomes an important project of the state for both economic and political reasons. Economically, because Orang Asli lands are no longer considered a 'frontier' resource, such territories are now a much sought-after factor-of-production, especially if they can be obtained cheaply."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.62. DS595.2 O73Nic
I have also argued (Nicholas 1997a) that...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22I+have+also+argued+%28Nicholas+1997a%29+that+the+social+stress+experienced+by+the+Orang+Asli%2C+especially+with+the+loss+of+their+traditional+resources%2C+has+opened+avenues+for+increased+ethnic+mapping+along+generic+Orang+Asli+categories.+Orang+Asli+ethnicity%2C+it+would+appear%2C+is+very+much+a+response+of+the+Orang+Asli+to+their+contemporary+situation%2C+particularly+in+the+context%2C+as+Loh+%281993%3A+168%29+notes%2C+of+the+prevalence+and+dominance+of+ethnicity+in+Malaysia%27s+social+relations+and+social+structure.%22">"I have also argued (Nicholas 1997a) that the social stress experienced by the Orang Asli, especially with the loss of their traditional resources, has opened avenues for increased ethnic mapping along generic Orang Asli categories. Orang Asli ethnicity, it would appear, is very much a response of the Orang Asli to their contemporary situation, particularly in the context, as Loh (1993: 168) notes, of the prevalence and dominance of ethnicity in Malaysia's social relations and social structure."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.55. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Much+of+the+rationale+for+governmental+approaches+to+Orang+Asli+development+has+its+roots+in+the+development+theories+of+the+1960s+and+1970s.+Even+today%2C+the+basic+philosophy+underlying+the+current+development+strategies+remains+the+same%2C+although+the+specific+programmes+may+differ.+As+such%2C+in+order+to+help+situate+the+current+context+of+Orang+Asli+politics+and+development%2C+a+brief+discussion+of+the+various+development+models+that+continue+to+influence+Orang+Asli+is+given+below.+The+critiques+and+deliberations+of+several+researchers+as+to+the+appropriateness+of+these+policies+follow+this.%22">"Much of the rationale for governmental approaches to Orang Asli development has its roots in the development theories of the 1960s and 1970s. Even today, the basic philosophy underlying the current development strategies remains the same, although the specific programmes may differ. As such, in order to help situate the current context of Orang Asli politics and development, a brief discussion of the various development models that continue to influence Orang Asli is given below. The critiques and deliberations of several researchers as to the appropriateness of these policies follow this."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.43. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22In+fact%2C+there+is+very+little+difference+between+the+proportions+of+availability+of+household+items+between+urban+Orang+Asli+households+and+overall+Peninsular+Malaysia.+This+suggests+that+urban+Orang+Asli+households+are+not+materially+very+different+from+their+non-Orang+Asli+neighbors.+Of+significant+note%2C+also%2C+is+that+a+fair+proportion+of+both+rural+and+urban+Orang+Asli+households+have+access+to+a+radio+or+television%2C+thereby+negating+any+presumption+that+they+are+%27isolated%27%2C+or+that+they+are+blissfully+impervious+to+outside+influences.%22">"In fact, there is very little difference between the proportions of availability of household items between urban Orang Asli households and overall Peninsular Malaysia. This suggests that urban Orang Asli households are not materially very different from their non-Orang Asli neighbors. Of significant note, also, is that a fair proportion of both rural and urban Orang Asli households have access to a radio or television, thereby negating any presumption that they are 'isolated', or that they are blissfully impervious to outside influences."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.32. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Several+implications+can+be+drawn+from+the+prevalent+age+distribution+of+the+Orang+Asli.+Considering+the+youthfulness+of+the+age+structure%2C+we+can+expect+the+growth+rates+to+be+maintained+at+high+levels+for+some+time%2C+even+with+relatively+modest+birth+rates.+The+large+proportion+of+the+population+below+15+years+also+implies+that+development+plans+and+strategies+need+to+give+greater+emphasis+to+this+age+group%2C+especially+in+terms+of+educational+facilities+and+health+care.%22">"Several implications can be drawn from the prevalent age distribution of the Orang Asli. Considering the youthfulness of the age structure, we can expect the growth rates to be maintained at high levels for some time, even with relatively modest birth rates. The large proportion of the population below 15 years also implies that development plans and strategies need to give greater emphasis to this age group, especially in terms of educational facilities and health care."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.22. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Economic+dealings+with+the+neighbouring+Malay+communities+were+not+uncommon+during+the+past+few+hundred+years%2C+especially+for+the+Aboriginal+Malay+groups.+There+seemed+also+to+be+a+certain+amount+of+interaction+between+the+Orang+Asli+and+the+other+ethnic+groups%2C+particularly+the+Malays+who+resided+along+the+fringes+of+the+forest.%22">"Economic dealings with the neighbouring Malay communities were not uncommon during the past few hundred years, especially for the Aboriginal Malay groups. There seemed also to be a certain amount of interaction between the Orang Asli and the other ethnic groups, particularly the Malays who resided along the fringes of the forest."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.12. DS595.2 O73Nic
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Today%2C+however+many+of+the+Negrito+groups+live+in+permanent+settlements+in+Northeast+Kedah+%28the+Kensiu+people%29%2C+along+the+Kedah-Perak+border+%28Kintak%29%2C+Northeast+Perak+and+West+Kelantan+%28Jahai%29%2C+North-central+Perak+%28Lanoh%29%2C+Southeast+Kelantan+%28Mendriq%29%2C+and+Northeast+Pahang+and+South+Kelantan+%28Batek%29.+Customarily%2C+some+groups+enter+the+forest+for+varying+lengths+of+time+such+as+during+the+fruit+season+to+practise+opportunistic+foraging%2C+or+to+extract+forest+products+%28such+as+rattan+and+gaharu%29+to+be+exchanged+for+cash.+Such+activities+have+often+caused+them+to+be+labeled+as+nomadic+and+to+be+considered+the+more+economically+backward+of+the+Orang+Asli+subgroups.%22">"Today, however many of the Negrito groups live in permanent settlements in Northeast Kedah (the Kensiu people), along the Kedah-Perak border (Kintak), Northeast Perak and West Kelantan (Jahai), North-central Perak (Lanoh), Southeast Kelantan (Mendriq), and Northeast Pahang and South Kelantan (Batek). Customarily, some groups enter the forest for varying lengths of time such as during the fruit season to practise opportunistic foraging, or to extract forest products (such as rattan and gaharu) to be exchanged for cash. Such activities have often caused them to be labeled as nomadic and to be considered the more economically backward of the Orang Asli subgroups."
Colin Nicholas. (2000). The Orang Asli and the contest for resources indigenous politics, development and identity in peninsular Malaysia. Copenhagen. International Work Group For Indigenous Affairs. p.3. DS595.2 O73Nic
Jaringan Orang Asal SeMalaysia (JOAS) adalah...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Jaringan+Orang+Asal+SeMalaysia+%28JOAS%29+adalah+penaung+kepada+83+pertubuhan+Orang+Asal+yang+berasaskan+komuniti%2C+NGO-NGO+sokongan+dan+komuniti+Orang+Asal+seluruh+Malaysia.+Sebagai+sebuah+badan+induk+kepada+sokongan+dan+perjuagan+hak+Orang+Asal+di+negara+ini%2C+JOAS+meyumbang+dari+segi+perwakilan+di+peringkat+kebangsaan%2C+wilayah+Asia+dan+antarabangsa.%22">"Jaringan Orang Asal SeMalaysia (JOAS) adalah penaung kepada 83 pertubuhan Orang Asal yang berasaskan komuniti, NGO-NGO sokongan dan komuniti Orang Asal seluruh Malaysia. Sebagai sebuah badan induk kepada sokongan dan perjuagan hak Orang Asal di negara ini, JOAS meyumbang dari segi perwakilan di peringkat kebangsaan, wilayah Asia dan antarabangsa."
Colin Nicholas. (2014). Orang Asal sebuah pengenalan bergambar. Donggongon. Jaringan Orang Asal Semalaysia. p.84. DS595.2 Ora 2014
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Masyarakat+Orang+Asal+percaya+bahawa+pihak+berkuasa+haruslah+menggunapakai+dan+mengaplikasikan+prinsip-prinsip+yang+termaktub+dalam+Deklarasi+Hak+Orang+Asal+Antarabangsa+%28UNDRIP%29+sebagai+langkah+pertama+dalam+pengiktirafan+hak+mereka.+Komuniti+Orang+Asal+berkeras+bahawa+dua+prinsip+utama+UNDRIP+-+Keizinan+Berasaskan+Makluman+Awal%2C+Bebas+dan+Telus+%28FPIC%29+dan+Hak+Penentuan+Nasib+Sendiri+-+menjadi+dasar+untuk+semua+hal+yang+melibatkan+Orang+Asal.%22">"Masyarakat Orang Asal percaya bahawa pihak berkuasa haruslah menggunapakai dan mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip yang termaktub dalam Deklarasi Hak Orang Asal Antarabangsa (UNDRIP) sebagai langkah pertama dalam pengiktirafan hak mereka. Komuniti Orang Asal berkeras bahawa dua prinsip utama UNDRIP - Keizinan Berasaskan Makluman Awal, Bebas dan Telus (FPIC) dan Hak Penentuan Nasib Sendiri - menjadi dasar untuk semua hal yang melibatkan Orang Asal."
Colin Nicholas. (2014). Orang Asal sebuah pengenalan bergambar. Donggongon. Jaringan Orang Asal Semalaysia. p.68. DS595.2 Ora 2014
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Institusi+dan+sistem+tradisi+Orang+asal+hanya+berkesan+jka+komuniti+percaya+bahawa+adanya+keperluan+untuk+meneruskan+pengetahuan+tradisi+mereka+yang+wujud+sejak+turun-temurun.+Tetapi+ini+tidak+bermakna+bahawa+sistem+sosial+Orang+Asal+adalah+statik+%28tidak+berubah%29+atau+tertutup+dari+pengaruh+luar.+Sebaliknya%2C+keupayaan+mereka+untuk+meminjam+seta+mengadaptasikan+apa+yang+berguna+telah+membolehkan+mereka+wujud+sehingga+zaman+kini%2C+dan+bukannya+terikat+kepada+budaya+pengekalan+tradisi+yang+fanatik+dimana+adat+langsung+tidak+boleh+diubah+walaupun+memudaratkan+komuniti.%22">"Institusi dan sistem tradisi Orang asal hanya berkesan jka komuniti percaya bahawa adanya keperluan untuk meneruskan pengetahuan tradisi mereka yang wujud sejak turun-temurun. Tetapi ini tidak bermakna bahawa sistem sosial Orang Asal adalah statik (tidak berubah) atau tertutup dari pengaruh luar. Sebaliknya, keupayaan mereka untuk meminjam seta mengadaptasikan apa yang berguna telah membolehkan mereka wujud sehingga zaman kini, dan bukannya terikat kepada budaya pengekalan tradisi yang fanatik dimana adat langsung tidak boleh diubah walaupun memudaratkan komuniti."
Colin Nicholas. (2014). Orang Asal sebuah pengenalan bergambar. Donggongon. Jaringan Orang Asal Semalaysia. p.44. DS595.2 Ora 2014
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Sudah+menjadi+lumrah+bagi+komuniti+Orang+Asal+untuk+mempunyai+kebun+atau+dusun+mereka+sendiri+dimana+pelbagai+jenis+buah-buahan+dan+tanaman+lain+ditanam+untuk+menyara+hidup+mereka.+Pada+masa+dahulu%2C+kawasan+tanah+dan+wilaah+adat+mereka+telah+banyak+membantu+mengekalkan+kehidupan+Orang+Asal+yang+bergantng+sepenuhnya+kepada+sumber+tersebut.%22">"Sudah menjadi lumrah bagi komuniti Orang Asal untuk mempunyai kebun atau dusun mereka sendiri dimana pelbagai jenis buah-buahan dan tanaman lain ditanam untuk menyara hidup mereka. Pada masa dahulu, kawasan tanah dan wilaah adat mereka telah banyak membantu mengekalkan kehidupan Orang Asal yang bergantng sepenuhnya kepada sumber tersebut."
Colin Nicholas. (2014). Orang Asal sebuah pengenalan bergambar. Donggongon. Jaringan Orang Asal Semalaysia. p.22. DS595.2 Ora 2014
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Perkataan+%27Orang+Asal%27+merupakan+nama+panggilan+menyeluruh+untuk+masyarakat+pribumi+di+Malaysia.+Mereka+merupakan+keturunan+daripada+suku-suku+etnik+yang+telah+menetap+di+Sabah%2C+Sarawak+dan+Semenanjung+Malaya+sebelum+penubuhan+kesultanan+Melayu+dan+kedatangan+para+Penjajah.%22">"Perkataan 'Orang Asal' merupakan nama panggilan menyeluruh untuk masyarakat pribumi di Malaysia. Mereka merupakan keturunan daripada suku-suku etnik yang telah menetap di Sabah, Sarawak dan Semenanjung Malaya sebelum penubuhan kesultanan Melayu dan kedatangan para Penjajah."
Colin Nicholas. (2014). Orang Asal sebuah pengenalan bergambar. Donggongon. Jaringan Orang Asal Semalaysia. p.2. DS595.2 Ora 2014
Kedua-dua suku kaum ini tidak menunjukkan sikap yang...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Kedua-dua+suku+kaum+ini+tidak+menunjukkan+sikap+yang+positif+terhadap+dialek+mereka%2C+tidak+berusaha+untuk+mengembangkannya+dan+tidak+memperdulikan+masa+depan+dialek-dialek+itu.+Walaupun+dari+segi+petempatan+dan+bilangan+keturunan+DD+lebih+berpotensi+untuk+berkembang%2C+namun+lantaran+sikap+tidak+mengendahkan+DD+menyebabkan+potensi+itu+terbiar+begitu+sahaja%2C+malahan+sekumpulan+suku+Duano+yang+berpindah+ke+rizab+baru+di+Sungai+Layau%2C+Kota+Tinggi+itu+menampakkan+sikap+menguurkan+dialek+asal+keturunan+mereka.%22">"Kedua-dua suku kaum ini tidak menunjukkan sikap yang positif terhadap dialek mereka, tidak berusaha untuk mengembangkannya dan tidak memperdulikan masa depan dialek-dialek itu. Walaupun dari segi petempatan dan bilangan keturunan DD lebih berpotensi untuk berkembang, namun lantaran sikap tidak mengendahkan DD menyebabkan potensi itu terbiar begitu sahaja, malahan sekumpulan suku Duano yang berpindah ke rizab baru di Sungai Layau, Kota Tinggi itu menampakkan sikap menguurkan dialek asal keturunan mereka."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.306. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Sebahagian+besar+responden+kedua-dua+titik+kajian+menunjukkan+sikap+pesimistik+dalam+membicarakan+masa+depan+dialek+mereka.+Lebih+buruk+lagi%2C+mereka+seolah-olah+pasrah+dengan+apa+yang+telah+berlaku+dan+bersedia+menghadapi+apa+sahaja+konsekuensi+daripada+keadaan+yang+sedang+dialami.+Mereka+tidak+terangsang+untuk+menyuarakan+pandangan%2C+apatah+lagi+untuk+memberikan+idea-idea+untuk+membaiki+keadaan.%22">"Sebahagian besar responden kedua-dua titik kajian menunjukkan sikap pesimistik dalam membicarakan masa depan dialek mereka. Lebih buruk lagi, mereka seolah-olah pasrah dengan apa yang telah berlaku dan bersedia menghadapi apa sahaja konsekuensi daripada keadaan yang sedang dialami. Mereka tidak terangsang untuk menyuarakan pandangan, apatah lagi untuk memberikan idea-idea untuk membaiki keadaan."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.295-296. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Dalam+jangka+masa+panjang%2C+item+ini+boleh+digunakan+sebagai+kontrak+untuk+memastikan+DD+dan+DK+dapat+dikembangkan+kepada+generasi+muda+khusunya+kanak-kanak.+Pengakuan+reponden+menunjukkan+harapan+mereka%2C+sama+ada+optimis+atau+pesimis.+Kedua-dua+sikap+ini+amat+mempengaruhi+masa+depan+dialek-dialek+itu+kerana+mana-mana+satupun+sikap+yang+diambil%2C+implikasinya+ialah+terhadap+dialek+mereka.+Jika+optimis%2C+dialek+itu+akan+dapat+diselamatkan%2C+dan+jika+sebaliknya%2C+dialek+itu+hanya+menanti+masa+untuk+berkubur+ditelan+zaman.%22">"Dalam jangka masa panjang, item ini boleh digunakan sebagai kontrak untuk memastikan DD dan DK dapat dikembangkan kepada generasi muda khusunya kanak-kanak. Pengakuan reponden menunjukkan harapan mereka, sama ada optimis atau pesimis. Kedua-dua sikap ini amat mempengaruhi masa depan dialek-dialek itu kerana mana-mana satupun sikap yang diambil, implikasinya ialah terhadap dialek mereka. Jika optimis, dialek itu akan dapat diselamatkan, dan jika sebaliknya, dialek itu hanya menanti masa untuk berkubur ditelan zaman."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.274. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
Statistik yang dibentangkan memperlihatkan...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Statistik+yang+dibentangkan+memperlihatkan+peningkatan+penggunaan+bahasa+secara+peralihan+kod+antara+DK+dan+BM+ketika+para+responden+berbincang.+Penulis+melihat+kecenderungan+ini+sebagai+hasil+hasrat+dan+wawasan+Tok+Batin+untuk+memastikan+anak+buahnya+menguasai+DK+dan+BM+secara+berkesan+dan+mampu+menggunakannya+dalam+perbincangan+yang+membabitkan+isu-isu+berkaitan+masa+depan+mereka+dan+kampung+mereka.+Seperti+yang+telah+disentuh+di+atas%[binary].%22">"Statistik yang dibentangkan memperlihatkan peningkatan penggunaan bahasa secara peralihan kod antara DK dan BM ketika para responden berbincang. Penulis melihat kecenderungan ini sebagai hasil hasrat dan wawasan Tok Batin untuk memastikan anak buahnya menguasai DK dan BM secara berkesan dan mampu menggunakannya dalam perbincangan yang membabitkan isu-isu berkaitan masa depan mereka dan kampung mereka. Seperti yang telah disentuh di atas, nasib masyarakat ini banyak bergantung kepada sejauh mana mereka boleh menunjukkan kepada masyarakat luar tentang kekerdilan mereka dari segala segi terutama bilangan dan juga pelestarian budaya dan harta benda."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.264. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Secara+amnya%2C+roman+orang+Kanaq+tanpa+mengira+usia+kelihatan+garang+dan+sukar+untuk+senyum.+Tambahan+pula+bila+ada+orang+asing+berhampiran+mereka.+Dengan+nada+suara+yang+keras+mereka+memang+sukar+didekati+jika+belum+mesra+atau+biasa+kelihatan+di+kampung+mereka.+Namun+demikian%2C+setelah+hubungan+dengan+orang+asing+seperti+penulis+semakin+dirasakan+selamat+dan+tidak+menyusahkan%2C+barulah+mereka+mahu+ketawa+atau+sekurang-kurangnya+tersenyum.%22">"Secara amnya, roman orang Kanaq tanpa mengira usia kelihatan garang dan sukar untuk senyum. Tambahan pula bila ada orang asing berhampiran mereka. Dengan nada suara yang keras mereka memang sukar didekati jika belum mesra atau biasa kelihatan di kampung mereka. Namun demikian, setelah hubungan dengan orang asing seperti penulis semakin dirasakan selamat dan tidak menyusahkan, barulah mereka mahu ketawa atau sekurang-kurangnya tersenyum."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.255. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Bagi+kalangan+responden+perempuan%2C+tiada+juga+permainan+khusus+yang+dimainkan.+Pada+pemerhatian+penulis%2C+yang+sering+mereka+lakukan+ialah+merayau-rayau+sekeliling+kampung+dan+di+kebun-kebun+sekitar+kampung+khususnya+yang+diusahakan+oleh+keluarga+mereka.+Kebetulan+ketika+kajian+ini+dilakukan+buah+tampoi+sudah+matang.%22">"Bagi kalangan responden perempuan, tiada juga permainan khusus yang dimainkan. Pada pemerhatian penulis, yang sering mereka lakukan ialah merayau-rayau sekeliling kampung dan di kebun-kebun sekitar kampung khususnya yang diusahakan oleh keluarga mereka. Kebetulan ketika kajian ini dilakukan buah tampoi sudah matang."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.246. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Golongan+tua+ini+telah+mempunyai+pengalaman+yang+secukupnya+dalam+penguasaan+BM+kerana+mereka+telah+berpeluang+menggunakannya+dalam+banyak+kesempatan+di+luar+kampung+dalam+pelbagai+situasi.+Mereka+menggunakannya+tatkala+bersemuka+dengan+pegawai+JHEOA+khususnya+dalam+banyak+hal+berkaitan+urusan+kehidupan+mereka.+Secara+tidak+formal+pula+mereka+menggunakannya+tatkala+bertandang+ke+kedai+kopi+di+kampung+bersebelahan+dan+juga+ketika+berurusan+dengan+pihak+FELCRA+tentang+kerja+mereka+di+ladang+kelapa+sawit.%22">"Golongan tua ini telah mempunyai pengalaman yang secukupnya dalam penguasaan BM kerana mereka telah berpeluang menggunakannya dalam banyak kesempatan di luar kampung dalam pelbagai situasi. Mereka menggunakannya tatkala bersemuka dengan pegawai JHEOA khususnya dalam banyak hal berkaitan urusan kehidupan mereka. Secara tidak formal pula mereka menggunakannya tatkala bertandang ke kedai kopi di kampung bersebelahan dan juga ketika berurusan dengan pihak FELCRA tentang kerja mereka di ladang kelapa sawit."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang : Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.239. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Bagi+golongan+40+tahun+ke+atas+pula%2C+8.3%25+esponden+menyatakan+bahawa+DD+digunakan+sepenuhnya+untuk+berbual+dengan+rakan+sebaya+mereka.+Mereka+khususnya+terdiri+daripada+yang+berusia+50+tahun+ke+atas+dan+terdiri+daripada+kalangan+rakan+yang+rapat+sahaja+seperti+yang+telah+ditunjukkan+dalam+bahagian+sebelum+ini.+Walaupun+contoh+yang+diberikan+itu+menunjukkan+adanya+alih+kod%2C+namun+dalam+pemerhatian+penulis+apabila+mereka+mula+menyingkap+nostalgia+kehidupan+mereka+semasa+muda%2C+DD+mulai+digunakan+sepenuhnya+dengan+penggunaan+kosa+kata+yang+sukar+didengari+dengan+jelas+bunyinya+dan+terpaksa+meminta+mereka+untuk+mengulanginya.%22">"Bagi golongan 40 tahun ke atas pula, 8.3% esponden menyatakan bahawa DD digunakan sepenuhnya untuk berbual dengan rakan sebaya mereka. Mereka khususnya terdiri daripada yang berusia 50 tahun ke atas dan terdiri daripada kalangan rakan yang rapat sahaja seperti yang telah ditunjukkan dalam bahagian sebelum ini. Walaupun contoh yang diberikan itu menunjukkan adanya alih kod, namun dalam pemerhatian penulis apabila mereka mula menyingkap nostalgia kehidupan mereka semasa muda, DD mulai digunakan sepenuhnya dengan penggunaan kosa kata yang sukar didengari dengan jelas bunyinya dan terpaksa meminta mereka untuk mengulanginya."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.226. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Beliau+membangkitkan+persoalan+menuntut+hak+milik+tanah+dusun+di+Lebak+Mincin+sebagai+pentunjuk+betapa+komunikasi+yang+jelas+dengan+pihak-pihak+berkenaan+seperti+JHEOA%2C+Pejabat+Tanah+dan+Pejabat+Perhutanan+boleh+membanu+mempercepatkan+proses+tersebut.+Pegawai-pegawai+terdahulu+katanya+tidak+memahami+dengan+sebenar-benarnya+kehendak+masyarakatnya+yang+disuarakan+melalui+tok-tok+batin+terdahulu+kerana+mereka+tidak+fasih+berunding+dalam+BM.[binary]-pihak+berkenaan.%22">"Beliau membangkitkan persoalan menuntut hak milik tanah dusun di Lebak Mincin sebagai pentunjuk betapa komunikasi yang jelas dengan pihak-pihak berkenaan seperti JHEOA, Pejabat Tanah dan Pejabat Perhutanan boleh membanu mempercepatkan proses tersebut. Pegawai-pegawai terdahulu katanya tidak memahami dengan sebenar-benarnya kehendak masyarakatnya yang disuarakan melalui tok-tok batin terdahulu kerana mereka tidak fasih berunding dalam BM. Buktinya soal tuntutan iu sudah berlarutan lebih 40 tahun dan hanya baru pada bulan April 2005 yang lalu mereka mendapat surat daripada pihak berkenaan yang menyatakan masalah mereka difahami dan sedang diperhalusi oleh pihak-pihak berkenaan."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.218. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Perkahwinan+berlainan+kaum+boleh+menjejaskan+proses+pewarisan+bahasa+kepada+generasi+baharu.+Tingkah+laku+bahasa+kedua-dua+ibu+dan+bapa+akan+mempengaruhi+anak-anak.+Mougen+dan+Beniak+%28Dorian+1989%29%2C+dalam+kajian+mereka+tentang+bahasa+French+Welland+di+Kanadda%2C+mendapati+perkahwinan+antara+kaum+mendatangkan+kesan+negatif+kepada+kedua-dua+bahasa+yang+dibawa+oleh+ibu+dan+bapa+mereka.+Bahasa-bahasa+hanya+terhad+kepada+penggunaan+dalam+mandala+tertentu+sahaja+yang+diwujudkan+oleh+perkahwinan+sedemikian.%22">"Perkahwinan berlainan kaum boleh menjejaskan proses pewarisan bahasa kepada generasi baharu. Tingkah laku bahasa kedua-dua ibu dan bapa akan mempengaruhi anak-anak. Mougen dan Beniak (Dorian 1989), dalam kajian mereka tentang bahasa French Welland di Kanadda, mendapati perkahwinan antara kaum mendatangkan kesan negatif kepada kedua-dua bahasa yang dibawa oleh ibu dan bapa mereka. Bahasa-bahasa hanya terhad kepada penggunaan dalam mandala tertentu sahaja yang diwujudkan oleh perkahwinan sedemikian."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.205. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Perkahwinan+keturunan+Duano+dengan+bukan+Duano+sudah+diterima+sebagai+biasa+sahaja+di+KKB+dan+juga+di+petempatan-petempatan+Duano+yang+lain.+Tanpa+mengira+sama+ada+pemuda+atau+pemudi+mereka+yang+mendapat+jodoh+orang+bukan+Duano%2C+masing-masing+secara+rela+melepaskan+bahasa+ibunda+mereka+dan+menguasai+bahasa+baharu+iaitu+BM.+Ini+berlaku+dengan+mudah+kerana+kebanyakan+generasi+muda+sudah+pun+didedahkan+kepada+bahasa+itu+apabila+melalui+sistem+pendidikan+kebangsaan.%22">"Perkahwinan keturunan Duano dengan bukan Duano sudah diterima sebagai biasa sahaja di KKB dan juga di petempatan-petempatan Duano yang lain. Tanpa mengira sama ada pemuda atau pemudi mereka yang mendapat jodoh orang bukan Duano, masing-masing secara rela melepaskan bahasa ibunda mereka dan menguasai bahasa baharu iaitu BM. Ini berlaku dengan mudah kerana kebanyakan generasi muda sudah pun didedahkan kepada bahasa itu apabila melalui sistem pendidikan kebangsaan."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.197. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
Sebagai kesimpulannya, dalam kedua-dua...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Sebagai+kesimpulannya%2C+dalam+kedua-dua+kes+kajian+didapati+bahawa+kaum+wanita+lebih+berpotensi+untuk+melestarikan+dialek+masing-masing.+Namun+demikian%2C+justeru+mereka+tidak+bebas+bergerak%2C+dan+sebaliknya+lebih+banyak+menghabiskan+masa+di+petempatan+masing-masing%2C+kedua-dua+dialek+tidak+dapat+berkembang+dalam+arus+modenisasi+sebagaimana+bahasa-bahasa+lain.+Penutur+wanita+di+kedua-dua+kawasan+kajian+tidak+mampu+berhadapan+dengan+gelombang+dwibahasa+yang+dibawa+balik+oleh+kaum+lelaki+dari+luar+petempatan.%22">"Sebagai kesimpulannya, dalam kedua-dua kes kajian didapati bahawa kaum wanita lebih berpotensi untuk melestarikan dialek masing-masing. Namun demikian, justeru mereka tidak bebas bergerak, dan sebaliknya lebih banyak menghabiskan masa di petempatan masing-masing, kedua-dua dialek tidak dapat berkembang dalam arus modenisasi sebagaimana bahasa-bahasa lain. Penutur wanita di kedua-dua kawasan kajian tidak mampu berhadapan dengan gelombang dwibahasa yang dibawa balik oleh kaum lelaki dari luar petempatan."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.184. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
Dengan hakikat bahawa di petempatan inilah...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Dengan+hakikat+bahawa+di+petempatan+inilah+sahaja+terdapatnya+orang+Kanaq%2C+dan+dengan+jumlah+seramai+83+orang+itu+sahaja+yang+masih+tinggal%2C+masa+hadapan+suku+kaum+ini+amat+meragukan.+Jika+tidak+pupus+keseluruhannya+pun%2C+sekurang-kurangnya+bilangan+sebanyak+itu+tidak+akan+mampu+bertahan+lama+lagi+dengan+ciri-ciri+jati+diri+mereka+tidak+akan+mampu+bertahan+lama+lagi+dengan+ciri-ciri+jati+diri+mereka+khususnya+dialek+ibunda+mereka.+Buat+masa+kini+golongan+tua+ynag+masih+hidup+dapat+melestarikannya%2C+tetapi+generasi+pewaris+mereka+tidak+dapat+menjamin+DK+akan+berkembang+lagi.%22">"Dengan hakikat bahawa di petempatan inilah sahaja terdapatnya orang Kanaq, dan dengan jumlah seramai 83 orang itu sahaja yang masih tinggal, masa hadapan suku kaum ini amat meragukan. Jika tidak pupus keseluruhannya pun, sekurang-kurangnya bilangan sebanyak itu tidak akan mampu bertahan lama lagi dengan ciri-ciri jati diri mereka tidak akan mampu bertahan lama lagi dengan ciri-ciri jati diri mereka khususnya dialek ibunda mereka. Buat masa kini golongan tua ynag masih hidup dapat melestarikannya, tetapi generasi pewaris mereka tidak dapat menjamin DK akan berkembang lagi."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.172. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Sistem+panggilan+dalam+DK+amat+terhad+kepada+beberapa+perkataan+yang+telah+disebut+itu+sahaja.+Berdasarkan+pemerhatian+dan+temu+bual+yang+dilakukan%2C+masyarakat+ini+tidak+banyak+menggunakan+panggilan-panggilan+tertentu+sesama+mereka.+Misalnya+tiada+gelaran+seperti%2C+along%2C+angah%2C+usu+dan+sebagainya+dalam+lingkungan+keluarga%2C+walaupun+terdapat+beberapa+orang+anak+dalam+keluarga+tersebut.%22">"Sistem panggilan dalam DK amat terhad kepada beberapa perkataan yang telah disebut itu sahaja. Berdasarkan pemerhatian dan temu bual yang dilakukan, masyarakat ini tidak banyak menggunakan panggilan-panggilan tertentu sesama mereka. Misalnya tiada gelaran seperti, along, angah, usu dan sebagainya dalam lingkungan keluarga, walaupun terdapat beberapa orang anak dalam keluarga tersebut."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.161. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Rekod+JHEOA+%282002%29+pula+menunjukkan+tempat+pendaratan+pertama+Suku+Kanaq+ialah+di+Sungai+Papan+yang+terletak+kira-kira+25+kilometer+dari+Sungai+Sedili+dan+masih+di+dalam+daerah+Kota+Tinggi.+Di+sana+mereka+bekerja+di+ladang-ladang+cengkih+dan+lada+hitam+milik+pengusaha-pengusaha+Cina.+Setelah+ladang-ladang+itu+ditutup%2C+Sultan+Johor+mengarahkan+mereka+berpindah+ke+Lebak+Mincin+di+kaki+Gunung+Panti+dan+diminta+mengusahakan+tanah+di+situ+serta+dilarang+berpindah-randah+lagi.%22">"Rekod JHEOA (2002) pula menunjukkan tempat pendaratan pertama Suku Kanaq ialah di Sungai Papan yang terletak kira-kira 25 kilometer dari Sungai Sedili dan masih di dalam daerah Kota Tinggi. Di sana mereka bekerja di ladang-ladang cengkih dan lada hitam milik pengusaha-pengusaha Cina. Setelah ladang-ladang itu ditutup, Sultan Johor mengarahkan mereka berpindah ke Lebak Mincin di kaki Gunung Panti dan diminta mengusahakan tanah di situ serta dilarang berpindah-randah lagi."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.103. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
Masyarakat Duano atau apa juga nama yang digelarkan...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Masyarakat+Duano+atau+apa+juga+nama+yang+digelarkan+ke+atas+mereka+seperti+Orang+Kuala%2C+orang+Laut+mahupun+Orang+Asli%2C+ternyata+masih+wujud+dan+terlindung+dalam+lingkungan+geopolitik+mereka+yang+tersendiri.+Namun+begitu%2C+ciri-ciri+jati+diri+mereka+semakin+hari+semakin+luntur+kerana+berhadapan+denga+perubahan+dari+pelbagai+sudut.+Sama+ada+mereka+sendiri+secara+sukarela+berubah%2C+ataupun+perubahan+dipaksakan+ke+atas+mereka%2C+ancaman+terhadap+ciri-ciri+tersebut+tidak+dapat+dihindari.%22">"Masyarakat Duano atau apa juga nama yang digelarkan ke atas mereka seperti Orang Kuala, orang Laut mahupun Orang Asli, ternyata masih wujud dan terlindung dalam lingkungan geopolitik mereka yang tersendiri. Namun begitu, ciri-ciri jati diri mereka semakin hari semakin luntur kerana berhadapan denga perubahan dari pelbagai sudut. Sama ada mereka sendiri secara sukarela berubah, ataupun perubahan dipaksakan ke atas mereka, ancaman terhadap ciri-ciri tersebut tidak dapat dihindari."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.94. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
Para informan menyatakan ada banyak lagi...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Para+informan+menyatakan+ada+banyak+lagi+perkataan+lain+tetapi+tidak+lagi+diingati+apatah+lagi+digunakan.+Hal+ini+dapat+dipastikan+ketika+mereka+berkesempatan+bertemu+dengan+saudara-mara+dan+kenalan+keturunan+Duano+di+Indonesia+yang+datang+ke+kampung+mereka+ataupun+jika+sebaliknya+mereka+berkunjung+ke+Indonesia.+Dalam+kesempatan+sebegitu%2C+mereka+akan+dapat+mendengar+perkataan-perkataan+DD+yang+tidak+lagi+digunakan+di+KKB.+Namun+demikian%2C+proses+menguasai+semula+DD+tidak+berlaku+kerana+pertemuan-pertemua+itu+tidak+bertujuan+menyalurkan+kembali+ciri+budaya+nenek+moyang+mereka.%22">"Para informan menyatakan ada banyak lagi perkataan lain tetapi tidak lagi diingati apatah lagi digunakan. Hal ini dapat dipastikan ketika mereka berkesempatan bertemu dengan saudara-mara dan kenalan keturunan Duano di Indonesia yang datang ke kampung mereka ataupun jika sebaliknya mereka berkunjung ke Indonesia. Dalam kesempatan sebegitu, mereka akan dapat mendengar perkataan-perkataan DD yang tidak lagi digunakan di KKB. Namun demikian, proses menguasai semula DD tidak berlaku kerana pertemuan-pertemua itu tidak bertujuan menyalurkan kembali ciri budaya nenek moyang mereka."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.83. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
KKB Pontian adalah petempatan asal orang...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22KKB+Pontian+adalah+petempatan+asal+orang+Duano+sewaktu+nenek+moyang+mereka+bermastautin+di+Semenanjung+Tanah+Melayu.+Kampung+ini+terletak+di+tebing+sebelah+kiri+muara+Sungai+Benut+menghala+ke+laut+dalam+mukim+Sungai+Pinggan.+Pada+awalnya+orang+Duano+berkampung+di+tapak+yang+lebih+hampir+dengan+laut%2C+iaitu+Kampung+Lama.+Kampung+itu+dikelilingi+paya+bakau+dan+rumah-rumah+dibina+di+atas+tiang-tiang+tinggi.%22">"KKB Pontian adalah petempatan asal orang Duano sewaktu nenek moyang mereka bermastautin di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Kampung ini terletak di tebing sebelah kiri muara Sungai Benut menghala ke laut dalam mukim Sungai Pinggan. Pada awalnya orang Duano berkampung di tapak yang lebih hampir dengan laut, iaitu Kampung Lama. Kampung itu dikelilingi paya bakau dan rumah-rumah dibina di atas tiang-tiang tinggi."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.24. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
Dari segi pertumbuhan penduduk, dengan...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Dari+segi+pertumbuhan+penduduk%2C+dengan+membandingkan+data+bancian+yang+direkodkan+mulai+1947+hingga+2003%2C+ternyata+bilangan+orang+Asli+secara+keseluruhannya+semakin+bertambah+dan+menunjukkan+pertumbuhan+yang+baik.+Kesemua+suku+kaum+mengalami+pertambahan+dari+segi+bilangan%2C+malah+banyak+yang+melebihi+dua+kali+ganda.+Hanya+Kintaq%2C+Mendriq+dan+Lanoh+sahaja+yang+terkecuali%2C+tetapi+bilangan+mereka+tetap+bertambah.%22">"Dari segi pertumbuhan penduduk, dengan membandingkan data bancian yang direkodkan mulai 1947 hingga 2003, ternyata bilangan orang Asli secara keseluruhannya semakin bertambah dan menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang baik. Kesemua suku kaum mengalami pertambahan dari segi bilangan, malah banyak yang melebihi dua kali ganda. Hanya Kintaq, Mendriq dan Lanoh sahaja yang terkecuali, tetapi bilangan mereka tetap bertambah."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.13. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
Kajian terawal tentang Orang Asli tertumpu...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Kajian+terawal+tentang+Orang+Asli+tertumpu+kepada+aspek+bahasa+mereka.+Nik+Safiah+Karim+%281968%29+pernah+menyenaraikan+tulisan+terawal+tentang+Orang+Asli+khususnya+dari+aspek+kajian+bahasa.+Lima+tulisan+terawal+berkisar+tentang+Bahasa+Semang+di+Kedah.+Tulisan-tulisan+dihasilkan+oleh+Crawfurd+%281820+dan+1825%29%2C+Anderson+%281824%29%2C+Roberts+%281832%29+dan+Marsden+%281834%29.+Walau+bagaimanapun%2C+tulisan+terawal+tersebut+hanyalah+berupa+usaha+mengumpul+dan+menyenarai+kosa+kata+dalam+bahasa+itu+di+beberapa+tempat+seperti+Kedah+dan+Ulu+Selama.%22">"Kajian terawal tentang Orang Asli tertumpu kepada aspek bahasa mereka. Nik Safiah Karim (1968) pernah menyenaraikan tulisan terawal tentang Orang Asli khususnya dari aspek kajian bahasa. Lima tulisan terawal berkisar tentang Bahasa Semang di Kedah. Tulisan-tulisan dihasilkan oleh Crawfurd (1820 dan 1825), Anderson (1824), Roberts (1832) dan Marsden (1834). Walau bagaimanapun, tulisan terawal tersebut hanyalah berupa usaha mengumpul dan menyenarai kosa kata dalam bahasa itu di beberapa tempat seperti Kedah dan Ulu Selama."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2013). Keterancaman bahasa Orang Asli Duano & Kanaq. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.1-2. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2013
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Dasar+hormat-menghormati+perlu+wujud+dalam+sebarang+perancangan+dan+tindakan+pembangunan+yang+hendak+dibawa+kepada+Orang+Asli.+Walaupun+sebilangan+besar+masih+berada+di+bawah+aras+kemiskinan%2C+tidak+berpelajaran%2C+dan+tidak+ramai+bilangannya%2C+mereka+tetap+manusia+biasa+yang+berhak+dilayan+dengan+penuh+peri+kemanusiaan.+Mereka+juga+layak+dihormati+bukan+sahaja+atas+fakta+antropologi+bahawa+mereka+adalah+penghuni+asal+di+negara+ini%2C+malah+mereka+tidak+pernah+menimbulkan+masalah+kepada+sebarang+%27pencerobohan%27+yang+ebrlaku+terhadap+status+quo+mereka+selama+ini.%22">"Dasar hormat-menghormati perlu wujud dalam sebarang perancangan dan tindakan pembangunan yang hendak dibawa kepada Orang Asli. Walaupun sebilangan besar masih berada di bawah aras kemiskinan, tidak berpelajaran, dan tidak ramai bilangannya, mereka tetap manusia biasa yang berhak dilayan dengan penuh peri kemanusiaan. Mereka juga layak dihormati bukan sahaja atas fakta antropologi bahawa mereka adalah penghuni asal di negara ini, malah mereka tidak pernah menimbulkan masalah kepada sebarang 'pencerobohan' yang ebrlaku terhadap status quo mereka selama ini."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2019). Bahasa dan pembangunan masyarakat Orang Asli. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.130. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2019
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Pembangunan+modal+insan+guru+melalui+latihan%2C+bengkel+dan+kursus+yang+dijalankan+oleh+pihak+JAKOA%2C+pihak+Pejabat+Pendidikan+Daerah+dan+pelbagai+pihak+lain+juga+sangat+penting+sebagai+insentif+dan+usaha+untuk+memujuk+guru+supaya+melaksanakan+tanggungjawab+masing-masing+dengan+sempurna+di+sekolah.+Pihak+sekolah+sering+menghantar+guru+untuk+mengikuti+kursus+seperti+kursus+komputer%2C+teknik+pengajaran+yang+berkesan+dan+tidak+ketinggalan+juga+kursus+motivasi+sebagai+meningkatkan+prestasi+dan+komitmen+guru.%22">"Pembangunan modal insan guru melalui latihan, bengkel dan kursus yang dijalankan oleh pihak JAKOA, pihak Pejabat Pendidikan Daerah dan pelbagai pihak lain juga sangat penting sebagai insentif dan usaha untuk memujuk guru supaya melaksanakan tanggungjawab masing-masing dengan sempurna di sekolah. Pihak sekolah sering menghantar guru untuk mengikuti kursus seperti kursus komputer, teknik pengajaran yang berkesan dan tidak ketinggalan juga kursus motivasi sebagai meningkatkan prestasi dan komitmen guru."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2019). Bahasa dan pembangunan masyarakat Orang Asli. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.120. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2019
Hujah mesti jelas dan dapat menjadi bukti...
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%22Hujah+mesti+jelas+dan+dapat+menjadi+bukti+yang+kukuh+untuk+merangsang+tujuan+atau+tindakan.+Sebagai+contoh%2C+jika+pihak+sekolah+menyatakan+pendidikan+adalah+penting+dan+baik+untuk+masa+depan+anak-anak+Orang+Asli%2C+maka+kepentingan+dan+kebaikan+bersekolah+itu+hendaklha+diperjelaskan+dengan+bahasa+yang+mudah+difahami.+Sebaliknya%2C+jika+hendak+menyatakan+bahawa+ponteng+sekolah+itu+tidak+baik%2C+maka+perlulah+dibuktikan+ketidakbaikannya.%22">"Hujah mesti jelas dan dapat menjadi bukti yang kukuh untuk merangsang tujuan atau tindakan. Sebagai contoh, jika pihak sekolah menyatakan pendidikan adalah penting dan baik untuk masa depan anak-anak Orang Asli, maka kepentingan dan kebaikan bersekolah itu hendaklha diperjelaskan dengan bahasa yang mudah difahami. Sebaliknya, jika hendak menyatakan bahawa ponteng sekolah itu tidak baik, maka perlulah dibuktikan ketidakbaikannya."
Mohd Sharifudin Yusop. (2019). Bahasa dan pembangunan masyarakat Orang Asli. Serdang. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. p.110. DS595.2 O73Mohsy 2019