Masyarakat masih belum percaya Penilaian Berasaskan Sekolah (PBS) mampu meningkatkan keupayaan murid sehingga sukar melupakan peperiksaan UPSR yang sudah dimansuhkan.
Hanya terima RM50 duit ibu ketika di USM
Sepanjang pelajar ini belajar di USM(Universiti Sains Malaysia),pelajar ini hanya terima RM50 sahaja daripada emak sebab tidak mahu susahkan emak dengan masalah kewangan.
Usah kejar kemegahan,pendidikan bukan untuk dipertandingan
Manusia mempunyai pertimbangan yang berbeza-beza dalam menentukan arah hidup masa depan,sebagai pelajar ,pengarang berkata bahawa universiti adalah satu tempat bagi menimba ilmu, mengasah bakat dan memperkasakan keterampilan diri.
Peranan pasukan keselamatan semasa darurat Malaysia pertama: Satu analisa
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=PKM+di+bawah+kepimpinan+Chin+Peng+telah+memulakan+pemberontakan+bersenjata+pada+17+Mac+1948+dengan+melancarkan+serangan+gerila+ke+atas+ladang-ladang+getah+dan+kawasan+pedalaman.+Peristiwa+pembunuhan+3+orang+pengurus+ladang+di+Sungai+Siput%2C+Perak+pada+16+Jun+1948+telah+membawa+perubahan+kepada+peranan+Pasukan+Keselamatan+di+dalam+menghapuskan+pemberontakan+PKM.+Darurat+diisytiharkan+pada+17+Jun+1948+di+negeri+Perak+dan+diperluaskan+ke+seluruh+Tanah+Melayu.%0D%0A%0D%0AStrategi+dan+perancangan+yang+dilaksankan+oleh+kerajaan+telah+membolehkan+Pasukan+Keselamatan+bertindak+dengan+lebih+berkesan.+Rancangan+Briggs+yang+mempunyai+serampang+dua+mata+ternyata+nerkesan+membendung+pergerakan+dan+pengaruh+komunis+malah+memberi+ruang+yang+lebih+luas+kepada+Pasukan+Keselamatan+menggunakan+strategi+dan+taktik+ketenteraan+di+dalam+operasi-operasi+bagi+menghapuskan+gerila+PKM.+Struktur+organisasi+kerajaan+melalui+penubuhan+Majlis+Perang+Persekutuan+yang+mengkoordinasikan+semua+tindakan+yang+diambil+oleh+Tentera%2C+Polis+dan+Pihak+Berkuasa+Awam+telah+membolehkan+Pasukan+Keselamatan+merangka+rancangan+gerakan+secara+bersepadu.%0D%0A%0D%0APasukan+Keselamatan+akhirnya+berjaya+mematahkan+pemberontakan+PKM%2C+malah+telah+memberi+pukulan+teruk+sehingga+memaksa+saki+baki+gerila+PKM+melarikan+diri+jauh+ke+dalam+hitan+dan+ke+sempadan+Thailand.+Setelah+membut+perimbangan+ke+atas+keupayaan+PKM%2C+akhirnya+Darurat+telah+diisytiharkan+tamat+oleh+kerajaan+pada+17+Julai+1960.+Dengan+berakhirnya+Darurat%2C+operasi+Pasukan+Keselamatan+diteruskan+oleh+pasukan+Polis+dan+Tentera+Persekutuan+Tanah+Melayu+tanpa+bantuan+daripada+Tentera+British+dan+Negara-negara+Komanwel.+Pasukan+Polis+Khas+dan+%22Home+Guard%22+turut+dibubarkan.">PKM di bawah kepimpinan Chin Peng telah memulakan pemberontakan bersenjata pada 17 Mac 1948 dengan melancarkan serangan gerila ke atas ladang-ladang getah dan kawasan pedalaman. Peristiwa pembunuhan 3 orang pengurus ladang di Sungai Siput, Perak pada 16 Jun 1948 telah membawa perubahan kepada peranan Pasukan Keselamatan di dalam menghapuskan pemberontakan PKM. Darurat diisytiharkan pada 17 Jun 1948 di negeri Perak dan diperluaskan ke seluruh Tanah Melayu. Strategi dan perancangan yang dilaksankan oleh kerajaan telah membolehkan Pasukan Keselamatan bertindak dengan lebih berkesan. Rancangan Briggs yang mempunyai serampang dua mata ternyata nerkesan membendung pergerakan dan pengaruh komunis malah memberi ruang yang lebih luas kepada Pasukan Keselamatan menggunakan strategi dan taktik ketenteraan di dalam operasi-operasi bagi menghapuskan gerila PKM. Struktur organisasi kerajaan melalui penubuhan Majlis Perang Persekutuan yang mengkoordinasikan semua tindakan yang diambil oleh Tentera, Polis dan Pihak Berkuasa Awam telah membolehkan Pasukan Keselamatan merangka rancangan gerakan secara bersepadu. Pasukan Keselamatan akhirnya berjaya mematahkan pemberontakan PKM, malah telah memberi pukulan teruk sehingga memaksa saki baki gerila PKM melarikan diri jauh ke dalam hitan dan ke sempadan Thailand. Setelah membut perimbangan ke atas keupayaan PKM, akhirnya Darurat telah diisytiharkan tamat oleh kerajaan pada 17 Julai 1960. Dengan berakhirnya Darurat, operasi Pasukan Keselamatan diteruskan oleh pasukan Polis dan Tentera Persekutuan Tanah Melayu tanpa bantuan daripada Tentera British dan Negara-negara Komanwel. Pasukan Polis Khas dan "Home Guard" turut dibubarkan.
Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial Universiti Malaya PL5065 1999 Abdri
The roles of the security forces in the first Malayan emergency, An analysis
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=By+the+end+of+February+1948%2C+the+MCP+began+their+offensive+by+conducting+hostilities%2C+strikes+and+the+intimidation+of+the+people.+During+this+period+the+BMA+were+collecting+evidence+against+the+Communist+activities+to+curb+the+insurrection.+Finally+the+government+decided+upon+the+State+of+Emergency+to+fight+against+the+insurgents+on+16+June+1948+with+the+killing+of+three+Europeans+managers+in+Sungai+Siput%2C+Perak+and+other+series+of+murders+and+acts+of+sabotage+happening+in+Malaya.+Various+actions+were+taken+by+the+government+to+boost+the+security+forces+strength+including+the+forming+of+Home+Guard+and+the+expansion+of+the+police+force+such+as+the+Special+Constable%2C+the+Auxiliary+Police%2C+the+Jungle+Squads+and+the+Special+Branch.+The+Royal+Air+Force+was+also+diversifying+its+role+with+the+introduction+of+helicopters+and+its+employment+had+enhanced+the+deployment+of+troops+and+air+transportation+of+foods+and+equipment+deep+inside+the+jungle.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+government+through+Lt+Gen+Sir+Harold+Briggs+introduced+the+Briggs+Plan+to+deter+and+control+the+population+from+giving+supports+to+the+insurgents+in+new+settlement+areas+called+%27New+Villages%27.+In+1952%2C+the+ground+operations+were+intensified+when+Sir+Gerald+Templer+took+over+command+as+the+Director+of+Operation.+He+emphasized+on+%27Hearts+and+Mind%27+operation+to+get+the+support+from+the+population+in+fighting+against+the+insurgents.+During+this+period+the+security+forces+were+able+to+kill+nearly+2%2C340+communists+while+the+security+forces+suffered+937+killed.+Finally+on+17+July+1960%2C+the+government+officially+declared+the+end+of+the+first+emergency+in+Malaya.">By the end of February 1948, the MCP began their offensive by conducting hostilities, strikes and the intimidation of the people. During this period the BMA were collecting evidence against the Communist activities to curb the insurrection. Finally the government decided upon the State of Emergency to fight against the insurgents on 16 June 1948 with the killing of three Europeans managers in Sungai Siput, Perak and other series of murders and acts of sabotage happening in Malaya. Various actions were taken by the government to boost the security forces strength including the forming of Home Guard and the expansion of the police force such as the Special Constable, the Auxiliary Police, the Jungle Squads and the Special Branch. The Royal Air Force was also diversifying its role with the introduction of helicopters and its employment had enhanced the deployment of troops and air transportation of foods and equipment deep inside the jungle. The government through Lt Gen Sir Harold Briggs introduced the Briggs Plan to deter and control the population from giving supports to the insurgents in new settlement areas called 'New Villages'. In 1952, the ground operations were intensified when Sir Gerald Templer took over command as the Director of Operation. He emphasized on 'Hearts and Mind' operation to get the support from the population in fighting against the insurgents. During this period the security forces were able to kill nearly 2,340 communists while the security forces suffered 937 killed. Finally on 17 July 1960, the government officially declared the end of the first emergency in Malaya.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Abdmj
Rumah Melayu di daerah Jempul, Bahau : Dengan penumpuan khusus ke atas rumah tradisional Melayu
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Daerah+Jempul+diwujudkan+pada+1+Januari+1980+melalui+warta+kerajaan+Negeri+Sembilan+nombor+523+bertarikh+29+November+1979.+Ia+merupakan+daerah+terbaru+di+Negeri+Sembilan.+Sebelum+wujudnya+daerah+ini+Jempul+dikenali+sebagai+Bahau.%0D%0A%0D%0ARumah+adalah+satu+keperluan+dalam+hidup+manusia.+Rumah+jika+ditinjau+dari+sudut+fizikal+merupakan+sebagai+tempat+berlindung+dari+hujan+dan+panas+sebagai+pengakaln+tempat+bertolak%2C+berlabuh+dan+pulang+dan+juga+tempat++aktiviti-aktiviti+dan+kemasyarakatan+dijalankan.%0D%0A%0D%0ARumah+juga+adalah+satu+peralatan+budaya+yang+dicipta+oleh+manusia+bagi+memudahkan+kehidupan+mereka.+Sememangnya+tidak+dapat+dinafikan+rumah+Melayu+adalah+salah+satu+artifak+budaya+yang+begitu+unik+dan+ideal+sifatnya.+Dengan+yang+demikian+bentuk-bentuk+rumah+tradisional+Melayu+yang+dibina+sebegitu+rupa+bukan+setakat+memenuhi+nilai+guna+masyarakat+Melayu+Ia+merupakan+satu+perlambamgan+yang+dapat+memberikan+suatu+gambaran+tentang+sikap%2C+nilai-nilai+pemikiran+serta+corak+kehidupan+masyarakat+dan+budaya+Melayu.">Daerah Jempul diwujudkan pada 1 Januari 1980 melalui warta kerajaan Negeri Sembilan nombor 523 bertarikh 29 November 1979. Ia merupakan daerah terbaru di Negeri Sembilan. Sebelum wujudnya daerah ini Jempul dikenali sebagai Bahau. Rumah adalah satu keperluan dalam hidup manusia. Rumah jika ditinjau dari sudut fizikal merupakan sebagai tempat berlindung dari hujan dan panas sebagai pengakaln tempat bertolak, berlabuh dan pulang dan juga tempat aktiviti-aktiviti dan kemasyarakatan dijalankan. Rumah juga adalah satu peralatan budaya yang dicipta oleh manusia bagi memudahkan kehidupan mereka. Sememangnya tidak dapat dinafikan rumah Melayu adalah salah satu artifak budaya yang begitu unik dan ideal sifatnya. Dengan yang demikian bentuk-bentuk rumah tradisional Melayu yang dibina sebegitu rupa bukan setakat memenuhi nilai guna masyarakat Melayu Ia merupakan satu perlambamgan yang dapat memberikan suatu gambaran tentang sikap, nilai-nilai pemikiran serta corak kehidupan masyarakat dan budaya Melayu.
Jabatan Pengajian Melayu Universiti Malaya PL5065 1988 Sin
MRSM mengadakan program pembersihan pantai di Kuala Perlis bagi memberi kesedaran mengenai isu sampah plastik kepada masyarakat.
Program ini memberi manfaat untuk kecergasan fizikal dan kesihatan.
Daripada delinkuen kepada devian : Pelumba haram remaja Melayu di Kuala Lumpur
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Bab+pertama+akan+menyentuh+pengenalan+kepada+kertas+projek+iaitu+dari+aspek+skop+kajian%2C+kepentingan+kajian+dan+tujuan+kajian.+Malah%2C+kaedah+penyelidikan+dan+masalah+kajian+turut+dibincangkan.%0D%0A%0D%0ABab+kedua+akan+membincangkan+aspek-aspek+teori+yang+meliputi+teori+delinkuen+dan+teori+devian.+Bab+ini+akan+menyentuh+aplikasi+teori-teori+ini+serta+penerangan+mengenai+teori+tersebut.+Perkembangan+daripada+delinkuen+kepada+devian+juga+akan+dibincang.%0D%0A%0D%0ABab+ketiga+pula+akan+menyentuh+segala+aspek+yang+berkaitan+dengan+lumba+haram.+Aspek-aspek+tersebut+adalah+dari+segi+identiti+pelumba%2C+tujuan+perlumbaan%2C+proses+perlumbaan+dan+banyak+lagi.%0D%0A%0D%0ABab+keempat+adalah+bab+yang+merangkumi+aspek+analisa+data+dan+hipotesis.+Analisa+data+dilakukan+melalui+hasil+borang+soal-selidik.+Melalui+data+yang+telah+dianalisa+hipotesis+akan+dilakukan.%0D%0A%0D%0ABab+terakhir+adalah+bab+kelima%2C+iaitu+bab+ini+akan+menyentuh+langkah-langkah+yang+sepatutnya+diambil+untuk+membendung+masalah+ini.+Malah+bab+ini+juga+meliputi+kesimpulan+yang+dilakukan+berdasarkan+tajuk+kajian.">Bab pertama akan menyentuh pengenalan kepada kertas projek iaitu dari aspek skop kajian, kepentingan kajian dan tujuan kajian. Malah, kaedah penyelidikan dan masalah kajian turut dibincangkan. Bab kedua akan membincangkan aspek-aspek teori yang meliputi teori delinkuen dan teori devian. Bab ini akan menyentuh aplikasi teori-teori ini serta penerangan mengenai teori tersebut. Perkembangan daripada delinkuen kepada devian juga akan dibincang. Bab ketiga pula akan menyentuh segala aspek yang berkaitan dengan lumba haram. Aspek-aspek tersebut adalah dari segi identiti pelumba, tujuan perlumbaan, proses perlumbaan dan banyak lagi. Bab keempat adalah bab yang merangkumi aspek analisa data dan hipotesis. Analisa data dilakukan melalui hasil borang soal-selidik. Melalui data yang telah dianalisa hipotesis akan dilakukan. Bab terakhir adalah bab kelima, iaitu bab ini akan menyentuh langkah-langkah yang sepatutnya diambil untuk membendung masalah ini. Malah bab ini juga meliputi kesimpulan yang dilakukan berdasarkan tajuk kajian.
Jabatan Pengajian Melayu Universiti Malaya PL5065 1998 Mar
Sasar kutip 90,000kg minyak terpakai akhir tahun
Program pengumpulan minyak masak terpakai dianjurkan Kementerian Perladangan dan Komoditi dengan kerjasama PETRONAS bagi mengurangkan kadar pelepasan gas rumah hijau.
Sekolah diarah perketat kawalan keselamatan
Timbalan Menterinya, Lim Hui Ying, berkata pihak berkaitan akan memperketatkan lagi garis panduan sedia ada bagi menjamin keselamatan seluruh warga sekolah termasuk mengadakan ronda berkala.
Jangan cetuskan 'panik pandemic' baharu dari China
Pakar menasihatkan orang ramai jangan cetuskan 'panik pandemik' susulan peningkatan kes penyakit pernafasan di utara China,khususnya dalam kalangan kanak-kanak,sebab peningkatan jangkitan itu adalah gabungan virus yang sudah diketahui.
Acara perlumbaan perahu naga turut diadakan dengan penyertaan terbuka kepada pasukan antarabangsa antara negara yang pernah bersaing ialah dari China,Singapura,Australia,Britain,Sepanyol,Filipina,Kemboja,Brunei,Indonesia malah dari Qatar.
Sistem sapaan masyarakat Rungus di daerah Kudat Sabah
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sistem+sapaan+adalah+satu+bentuk+sistem+untuk+menyapa+sesama+manusia+berdasarkan+kedudukan+status+mereka.+Sistem+sapaan+ini+akan+merujuk+apakah+sapaan+kepada+seorang+ayah+kepada+ayahnadanya+iaitu+samalah+ertiniya+seorang+anak+misalnya+anak+lelaki+menyapa+bapanya.+Begitu+juga+dengan+seprang+lelaki+menyapa+ibunya.+Sapaan+ini+juga+merujuk+sapaan-sapaan+yang+akan+dibina+sesama+saudara+kandung+misalnya+seorang+adik+akan+menyapa+seorang+abangnya+ataupun+kakaknya+dan+begitu+juga+sebaliknya.+Inilah+yang+dimaksudkan+dengan+sapaa+di+dalam+sesuatu+keluarga+itu.%0D%0A%0D%0ASistem+sapaan+ini+bukan+sahaja+terdapat+di+dalam+sesebuah+keluarga+tetapi+juga+terdapat+di+dalam+kekeluargaan+tidak+kira+kelarga+luas+dua+generasi+atau+tiga+generas.+Ini+termasuklah+sapaan+terhadap+seseorang+lelaki+atau+perempuan+yang+menyapa+terhadap+seorang+pak+cik+atau+mak+ciknya.+Ataupun+sapaa+terhadap+sesama+saudara+sepupu+sekali+dua+kali+ataupun+banyak+kali.%0D%0A%0D%0AOleh+yang+demikian%2C+hasil+daripada+kajian+yang+akan+dibuat+maka+kita+dapat+melihat+betapa+pelbagainya+istilah-istilah+dalam+sapaan+kaum+berkenaan.+Oleh+itu%2C+sapaan-sapaan+ini+jga+terus+dihunakan+oleh+golongan-golongan+tua+dan+berumur.+Tetapi+bagi+generasi+muda%2C+ada+di+antara+mereka+langsung+tidak+memahami+serta+tidak+dapat+menulurkan+istilah+sapaan+itu.+Kajian+sebeginiliah+yang+boleh++sedikitnya+sebanyak+membantu+pemeliharaan+sistem+sapaan+berkenaan.">Sistem sapaan adalah satu bentuk sistem untuk menyapa sesama manusia berdasarkan kedudukan status mereka. Sistem sapaan ini akan merujuk apakah sapaan kepada seorang ayah kepada ayahnadanya iaitu samalah ertiniya seorang anak misalnya anak lelaki menyapa bapanya. Begitu juga dengan seprang lelaki menyapa ibunya. Sapaan ini juga merujuk sapaan-sapaan yang akan dibina sesama saudara kandung misalnya seorang adik akan menyapa seorang abangnya ataupun kakaknya dan begitu juga sebaliknya. Inilah yang dimaksudkan dengan sapaa di dalam sesuatu keluarga itu. Sistem sapaan ini bukan sahaja terdapat di dalam sesebuah keluarga tetapi juga terdapat di dalam kekeluargaan tidak kira kelarga luas dua generasi atau tiga generas. Ini termasuklah sapaan terhadap seseorang lelaki atau perempuan yang menyapa terhadap seorang pak cik atau mak ciknya. Ataupun sapaa terhadap sesama saudara sepupu sekali dua kali ataupun banyak kali. Oleh yang demikian, hasil daripada kajian yang akan dibuat maka kita dapat melihat betapa pelbagainya istilah-istilah dalam sapaan kaum berkenaan. Oleh itu, sapaan-sapaan ini jga terus dihunakan oleh golongan-golongan tua dan berumur. Tetapi bagi generasi muda, ada di antara mereka langsung tidak memahami serta tidak dapat menulurkan istilah sapaan itu. Kajian sebeginiliah yang boleh sedikitnya sebanyak membantu pemeliharaan sistem sapaan berkenaan.
Jabatan Pengajian Melayu Universiti Malaya PL5065 1998 Abdky
Perlis adalah antara tempat yang paling sesuai untuk melarikan diri daripada kesibukan kota untuk percutian mendamaikan dengan suasana kampung.
Rakaman wajah Langkasuka dalam pameran seni
Sejarah kerajaan Melayu Langkasuka cukup terkenal dalam kalangan sejarawan,ia disebut dalam sejarah China, India, Eropah, Melayu dan Jawa namun sehingga kini kedudukannya dari segi geografi masih lagi diperdebatkan.
Cadangan Bahasa Inggeris jadi subjek wajib lulus SPM
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kerajaan+disaran+menjadikan+bahasa+Melayu+sebagai+bahasa+penghantar+tunggal+di+sekolah+dan+universiti+di+negera+ini%2Cmanakala+bahasa+Inggeris+pula+diwajibkan+sebagai+bahasa+kedua+bagi+pelajar.Setakat+ini+hanya+bahasa+Melayu+dan+Sejarah+yang+wajib+lulus%2Cjika+bahasa+Inggeris+menjadi+subjek+yang+wajib+lulus+%2Cpelajar+yang+gagal+subjek+bahasa+Inggeris+perlu+ambil+kertas+peperiksaan+ulangan.">Kerajaan disaran menjadikan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa penghantar tunggal di sekolah dan universiti di negera ini,manakala bahasa Inggeris pula diwajibkan sebagai bahasa kedua bagi pelajar.Setakat ini hanya bahasa Melayu dan Sejarah yang wajib lulus,jika bahasa Inggeris menjadi subjek yang wajib lulus ,pelajar yang gagal subjek bahasa Inggeris perlu ambil kertas peperiksaan ulangan.
Peranan pasukan keselamatan semasa darurat Malaya yang kedua: Analisa
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Harapan+rakyat+dan+pemimpin+negara+untuk+mengecapi+keamana+yang+berkekalan+selepas+zaman+Darurat+Pertama+meleset+apabila+sekali+lagi+pemimpin+dan+kerajaan+terutamany+pasukan+keselamatan+terpaksa+bekerja+keras+bagi+menghadapi+Zaman+Darurat+Kedua+Malaysia.+Niat+dan+tujuan+pengganas+komunis+yang+ingin+mengambilalih+tampuk+utama+pemerintahan+negara+sama+sekali+tidak+dapat+diterima+oleh+rakyat.+Menyedari+akan+perkara+ini+maka+pelbagai+usaha+dan+aktiviti+telah+disusun+atur+dengan+begitu+rapi+oleh+kerajaan+bagi+menyelamatkan+negara+dari+ancaman+dan+serangan+pengganas+komunis.+Pasukan+keselamatan+yang+terdiri+daripada+Angkatan+Tentera%2C+Pasukan+Polis%2C+Pasukan+Sukarela+serta+pasukan+dan+kesatuan+gabungan+lain-lain+telah+bekerjasama+dan+berganding+bahu+untuk+menentang+keganasan+yang+telah+dianjurkan+oleh+pengganas+komunis+dalam+tempoh+tersebut.%0D%0A%0D%0APelbagai+operasi+dan+gerakan+ke+atas+seluruh+kawasan+Semenanjung+Malaysia%2C+Sabah+dan+Sarawak+telah+dilaksanakan+oleh+pasukan+tentera+dan+polis+dalam+menentukan+semua+keerluan%2C+kemudahan+dan+kekuatan+pengganas+komunis+dapat+dimusnah+dan+dihapuskan.+Sebagai+agensi+kerajaan+yang+telah+dipertanggungjawabkan+ke+atas+keselamatan+negara%2C+bangsa+dan+agama+serta+diiringi+dengan+rasa+tanggungjawab%2C+maka+pasukan+keselamatan+yang+telah+diamanahkan%2C+mengambil+berbagai-bagai+langkah+untuk+menjaga+dan+mengekalkan+keamanaan+negara+yang+tercinta+ini.+Dengan+semangat+perjuangan+yang+amat+tinggi+serta+rasa+ingin+melihat+negara+sendiri+dalam+keadaan+aman%2C+maka+keamanan+negara+telah+dapat+dicapai+apabila+negara+diisytiharkan+bebas+dari+ancaman+pengganas+komunis+pada+2+Disember+1989.+Sesungguhnya+kejayaan+ini+bukanlah+merupakan+usaha+oleh+pasukan+keselamatan+semata-mata%2C+sebaliknya+ianya+adalah+merupakan+usaha+bersama+oleh+beberapa+agensi+kerajaan.">Harapan rakyat dan pemimpin negara untuk mengecapi keamana yang berkekalan selepas zaman Darurat Pertama meleset apabila sekali lagi pemimpin dan kerajaan terutamany pasukan keselamatan terpaksa bekerja keras bagi menghadapi Zaman Darurat Kedua Malaysia. Niat dan tujuan pengganas komunis yang ingin mengambilalih tampuk utama pemerintahan negara sama sekali tidak dapat diterima oleh rakyat. Menyedari akan perkara ini maka pelbagai usaha dan aktiviti telah disusun atur dengan begitu rapi oleh kerajaan bagi menyelamatkan negara dari ancaman dan serangan pengganas komunis. Pasukan keselamatan yang terdiri daripada Angkatan Tentera, Pasukan Polis, Pasukan Sukarela serta pasukan dan kesatuan gabungan lain-lain telah bekerjasama dan berganding bahu untuk menentang keganasan yang telah dianjurkan oleh pengganas komunis dalam tempoh tersebut. Pelbagai operasi dan gerakan ke atas seluruh kawasan Semenanjung Malaysia, Sabah dan Sarawak telah dilaksanakan oleh pasukan tentera dan polis dalam menentukan semua keerluan, kemudahan dan kekuatan pengganas komunis dapat dimusnah dan dihapuskan. Sebagai agensi kerajaan yang telah dipertanggungjawabkan ke atas keselamatan negara, bangsa dan agama serta diiringi dengan rasa tanggungjawab, maka pasukan keselamatan yang telah diamanahkan, mengambil berbagai-bagai langkah untuk menjaga dan mengekalkan keamanaan negara yang tercinta ini. Dengan semangat perjuangan yang amat tinggi serta rasa ingin melihat negara sendiri dalam keadaan aman, maka keamanan negara telah dapat dicapai apabila negara diisytiharkan bebas dari ancaman pengganas komunis pada 2 Disember 1989. Sesungguhnya kejayaan ini bukanlah merupakan usaha oleh pasukan keselamatan semata-mata, sebaliknya ianya adalah merupakan usaha bersama oleh beberapa agensi kerajaan.
Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial Universiti Malaya PL5065 1999 Azmha
PM mahu penguasaan bahasa Inggeris murid dipertingkat
Dalam membicarakan mutu pendidikan negara, Perdana Menteri menegaskan,bahasa Melayu adalah utama yang mesti dikuasai tanpa tolak ansur oleh semua murid,tetapi kaedah baharu harus difikirkan untuk meningkatkan mutu penguasaan bahasa Inggeris.
Tinjauan Berita Harian dapati 90 peratus setuju kembalikan UPSR
Walaupun Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia(KPM) sudah memutuskan bahawa UPSR tidak akan dikebalikan, masih ramai yang berharap peperiksaan bagi murid Tahun Enam itu diadakan semula,berdasarkan tinjauan Berita Harian di Facebook sebanyak 90 peratus responden mahu pungutan suara atau referendum diadakan untuk mendapatkan pandangan umum sama ada peperiksaan itu perlu dikembalikan.
NUTP dakwa peperiksaan tidak lagi relevan
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kesatuan+Perkhidmatan+Perguruan+Kebangsaan%28NUTP%29+berpendapat+UPSR+tidak+perlu+diperkenalkan+semula+kerana++ia+kurang+relevan+dengan+transformasi+pendidikan+yang+bakal+dilaksanakan+pada+2027%2Csebab+murid+diberi+tekanan+untuk+mencapai+kecemerlangan+dalam+UPSR+tanpa+dinilai+perkembangan+secara+menyeluruh.">Kesatuan Perkhidmatan Perguruan Kebangsaan(NUTP) berpendapat UPSR tidak perlu diperkenalkan semula kerana ia kurang relevan dengan transformasi pendidikan yang bakal dilaksanakan pada 2027,sebab murid diberi tekanan untuk mencapai kecemerlangan dalam UPSR tanpa dinilai perkembangan secara menyeluruh.
Peperangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Satu analisa
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Sebagai+panglima+perang+Nabi+Muhammad+S.A.W.+telah+menghadapi+ancaman+dari+musuh-musuh+Islam+mahupun+dari+luar+atau+dalam+negeri.+Bagi+menghadapi+ancaman+keganasan+dan+pencerobohan+Rasulullah+telah+menyusun+strategi+peperangan+yang+mantap.+Selain+itu%2C+Rasulullah+melatih+orang-orang++Islam+dalam+kemahiran+menggunakan+senjata+dan+taktik+peperangan.+Selain+berlatih+berperang+baginda+telah+membentuk+tenteranya+di+dalam+pembersihan+jiwa+dengan+bertaqwa+dan+beriman+kepada+Allah.+Dengan+keimanan+ini+tenteranya+mempunyai+disiplin+yang+tinggi+serta+daya+ketahanan+mental+dan+fizikal+yang+sukar+diperolehi+oleh+tentera+musuh.+Semasa+memimpin+tenteranya+di+medan+perang+Rasulullah+S.A.W.+menghadapi+kesukaran+tetapi+dengan+kebijaksanaan%2C+ketaqwaan%2C+kesabaran+dan+kecekapan+maka+malapetaka+dapat+dielakkan+dan+disebaliknya+kemenangan+dicapai.%0D%0A%0D%0AOleh+itu%2C+amatlah+penting+bagi+kita+mempelajari+dan+memahami+salasilah+Rasulullah+sebagai+seorang+manusia+yang+berdiri+berhadapan+kemungkaran+dan+kezaliman+pada+masa+yang+sama+menyampaikan+Risalah+Allah.+Beliau+menghadapi+segala+tentangan%2C+kesusahan%2C+penyeksaan+dan+cercaan+oleh+bangsanya+sendiri+di+Mekah+tetapi+Baginda+menanggung+semua+itu+dengan+tabah+dan+sabar+serta+melayan+musuh+baginda+dengan+murah+hati+dan+kasih+sayang.+">Sebagai panglima perang Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. telah menghadapi ancaman dari musuh-musuh Islam mahupun dari luar atau dalam negeri. Bagi menghadapi ancaman keganasan dan pencerobohan Rasulullah telah menyusun strategi peperangan yang mantap. Selain itu, Rasulullah melatih orang-orang Islam dalam kemahiran menggunakan senjata dan taktik peperangan. Selain berlatih berperang baginda telah membentuk tenteranya di dalam pembersihan jiwa dengan bertaqwa dan beriman kepada Allah. Dengan keimanan ini tenteranya mempunyai disiplin yang tinggi serta daya ketahanan mental dan fizikal yang sukar diperolehi oleh tentera musuh. Semasa memimpin tenteranya di medan perang Rasulullah S.A.W. menghadapi kesukaran tetapi dengan kebijaksanaan, ketaqwaan, kesabaran dan kecekapan maka malapetaka dapat dielakkan dan disebaliknya kemenangan dicapai. Oleh itu, amatlah penting bagi kita mempelajari dan memahami salasilah Rasulullah sebagai seorang manusia yang berdiri berhadapan kemungkaran dan kezaliman pada masa yang sama menyampaikan Risalah Allah. Beliau menghadapi segala tentangan, kesusahan, penyeksaan dan cercaan oleh bangsanya sendiri di Mekah tetapi Baginda menanggung semua itu dengan tabah dan sabar serta melayan musuh baginda dengan murah hati dan kasih sayang.
Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial Universiti Malaya PL5065 1999 Azho
Security issues of South and South Pacific Nations
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=South+and+South+Pacific+Nations+constitutes+one+of+the+world%27s+least+important+strategically+during+the+cold+war+but+the+pattern+begun+to+change+especially+in+1980s.+The+intrusion+of+Soviet+Union+into+this+region+had+alarmed+and+provoked+the+International+observers.+The+United+States+presence+was+in+response+to+Soviet+Union+interests+in+the+region+and+subsequently+the+other+external+powers+like+Libya+and+French+were+also+extended+their+interests.+The+political+turmoil+which+seriously+affected+the+South+Pacific+nations+were+occurred+in+the+late+1980s+where+coup+in+Fiji%2C+nationalists+in+New+Caledonia+which+turned+into+violent+and+issues+on+Papua+New+Guinea%2F+Indonesia+border.+These+phenomena+welcome+other+external+powers+to+increase+their+interest+in+this+region.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+first+chapter+introduces+the+background+of+the+Pacific+Island+states+that+shaped+their+policies.+The+complexity+of+security+is+discussed+in+Chapter+Two+that+emphasis+on+the+changes+in+the+South+Pacific.+The+activities+of+Super+Powers%2C+Soviet+Union+and+United+States+in+the+region+are+highlighted+in+chapter+three.+In+chapter+four%2C+the+writer+examined+the+roles+and+activities+of+France+in+New+Caledonia+and+Libya%27s+interest+in+the+region+which+alarmed+in+most+parts+of+the+regions+and+international+leaders.+The+last+chapter%2C+in+chapter+five%2C+analyzes+two+internal+conflicts+or+issues+in+which+the+issues+in+which+the+issue+on+Papua+New+Guinea%2F+Indonesian+border+had+alarmed+the+regional+power+Australia.+Fiji+coup+is+also+highlighted+in+this+chapter.">South and South Pacific Nations constitutes one of the world's least important strategically during the cold war but the pattern begun to change especially in 1980s. The intrusion of Soviet Union into this region had alarmed and provoked the International observers. The United States presence was in response to Soviet Union interests in the region and subsequently the other external powers like Libya and French were also extended their interests. The political turmoil which seriously affected the South Pacific nations were occurred in the late 1980s where coup in Fiji, nationalists in New Caledonia which turned into violent and issues on Papua New Guinea/ Indonesia border. These phenomena welcome other external powers to increase their interest in this region. The first chapter introduces the background of the Pacific Island states that shaped their policies. The complexity of security is discussed in Chapter Two that emphasis on the changes in the South Pacific. The activities of Super Powers, Soviet Union and United States in the region are highlighted in chapter three. In chapter four, the writer examined the roles and activities of France in New Caledonia and Libya's interest in the region which alarmed in most parts of the regions and international leaders. The last chapter, in chapter five, analyzes two internal conflicts or issues in which the issues in which the issue on Papua New Guinea/ Indonesian border had alarmed the regional power Australia. Fiji coup is also highlighted in this chapter.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Alizza
United States Foreign Policy in the Middle East
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=During+the+first+half+of+the+1970%27s%2C+major+changers+took+place+in+the+American+Policy.+Those+changers+reflected+the+shifts+occurring+in+the+global+correlation+of+forces%2C+the+strengthen+position+of+world+socialism%2C+the+growing+influence+of+the+third+world+countries.+The+search+for+a+comprehensive+peace+settlement+in+the+Middle+East+has+been+a+constant+feature+of+American+Policy.+The+change+of+administration+at+Washington+%28Republican+took+over+from+Democrats%29+coincide+with+a+review+of+number+of+important+foreign+policy+concepts+which+had+guided+this+leading+capitalist+country+for+a+quarter+of+century+after+World+War+II.%0D%0A%0D%0AUS+foreign+policy+in+Middle+East+is+of+special+importance+to+US+because+of+the+economic+and+military+involvement+in+the+region+since+the+post+Cold+War.+The+importance+of+Middle+East+oil+decided+Washington%27s+Middle+East+policy+aimed+at+consolidating+United+States+imperialist+positions+in+this+pivotal+corner+of+the+globe.+The+United+States+has+mustered+Israel+as+its+own+outpost+in+the+area.+It+was+because+of+United+States+military%2C+economic+and+political+support+for+Israel+that+the+UN+Security+Council++Resolution+No+242+adopted+in+1967+has+not+been+enforced.+Israel+connected+by+multitude+of+strands+with+American+Zionism+and+in+effect%2C+living+off+American+provided+support%2C+continuous+to+be+the+main+fool+of+American+influence+in+the+Middle+East.">During the first half of the 1970's, major changers took place in the American Policy. Those changers reflected the shifts occurring in the global correlation of forces, the strengthen position of world socialism, the growing influence of the third world countries. The search for a comprehensive peace settlement in the Middle East has been a constant feature of American Policy. The change of administration at Washington (Republican took over from Democrats) coincide with a review of number of important foreign policy concepts which had guided this leading capitalist country for a quarter of century after World War II. US foreign policy in Middle East is of special importance to US because of the economic and military involvement in the region since the post Cold War. The importance of Middle East oil decided Washington's Middle East policy aimed at consolidating United States imperialist positions in this pivotal corner of the globe. The United States has mustered Israel as its own outpost in the area. It was because of United States military, economic and political support for Israel that the UN Security Council Resolution No 242 adopted in 1967 has not been enforced. Israel connected by multitude of strands with American Zionism and in effect, living off American provided support, continuous to be the main fool of American influence in the Middle East.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Alk
The Korean Peninsula : Prospects for unification
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=For+nearly+five+decades+Korean+people+in+both+halves+of+the+country+have+been+living+under+two+diametrically+different+political+and+economic+systems+with+little+or+no+mutual+contacts+and+communications.+The+Korean+division+is+real+and+its+reunification%2C+ideal.%0D%0A%0D%0AUnification+in+the+Korean+Peninsula+hinges+on+multitude+of+factors+both+internal+and+external.+Internally%2C+there+is+the+different+socio-economic+and+political+systems%2C+the+different+ideologies%2C+the+political+elite%27s+and+many+more.+Externally.+there+is+the+traditional+interest+of+the+American%2C+the+Japanese%2C+the+Chinese+and+the+Russian+and+all+the+peace-loving+individuals%2C+regional+and+global+organisations.%0D%0A%0D%0AThis+study+focus+on+the+North+and+South+Korea+unification+initiatives%2C+policies+and+formulas+offered+since+1972.+This+research+paper+analyses+various+initiatives+undertaken%2C+policies+and+formulas+offered+by+both+the+North+and+the+South+Korean+towards+peaceful+reunification.%0D%0A%0D%0ABoth+the+Korean+has+adopted+various+friendly+policies+and+offered+several+formulas+towards+a+peaceful+reunification+in+the+peninsula.+There+s+no+way+of+fathoming+the+real+intentions+of+both+policies%2C+especially+the+north+as+the+actions+were+in+contradiction+to+the+advocated+policies.+However%2C+it+is+believed+to+be+a+good+sign+as+consent+for+a+dialogue%2C+unthinkable+during+the+early+period+of+the+division+is+a+prospect+towards+an+eventual+peaceful+unification.">For nearly five decades Korean people in both halves of the country have been living under two diametrically different political and economic systems with little or no mutual contacts and communications. The Korean division is real and its reunification, ideal. Unification in the Korean Peninsula hinges on multitude of factors both internal and external. Internally, there is the different socio-economic and political systems, the different ideologies, the political elite's and many more. Externally. there is the traditional interest of the American, the Japanese, the Chinese and the Russian and all the peace-loving individuals, regional and global organisations. This study focus on the North and South Korea unification initiatives, policies and formulas offered since 1972. This research paper analyses various initiatives undertaken, policies and formulas offered by both the North and the South Korean towards peaceful reunification. Both the Korean has adopted various friendly policies and offered several formulas towards a peaceful reunification in the peninsula. There s no way of fathoming the real intentions of both policies, especially the north as the actions were in contradiction to the advocated policies. However, it is believed to be a good sign as consent for a dialogue, unthinkable during the early period of the division is a prospect towards an eventual peaceful unification.
Military in nation building : With special reference to Malaysia
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Since+Nation-State+comes+into+being%2C+men+always+strive+to+have+a+united+nation+of+people.+History+witnesses+this+endeavor+in+many+facts%2C+the+Nazi%27s+and+Serbian+at+one+extreme+and+the+liberal+one+on+the+other.+Malaysia+as+a+young+Nation-State+plural+as+it+is%2C+with+the+Malay+as+the+main+race+does+not+resort+to+the+approach+of+the+Nazi+or+the+Serb+in+her+endeavor+to+become+a+nation+of+people.+It+has+chosen+to+integrate+the+arrays+of+people+into+one+but+never+it+was+an+easy+task+however+at+the+outset+able+to+realize+a+society+that+is+harmony+and+live+as+one+entity+identified+as+Malaysian.+This+success+had+been+the+contribution+of+many+elements+within%2C+which+not+only+had+work+hard+toward+the+realization+but+also+sacrifices+a+lot+of+their+self+interest.+hence%2C+therefore+this+paper+discusses+one+of+the+significant+elements+that+is+the+military+roles+and+contribution+toward+the+end.%0D%0A%0D%[binary].%0D%0A%0D%0AThis+papers+are+divided+into+five+chapters%3A+the+first+introduce+to+subject+on+general+terms+of+nation+building+in+particular+within+the+Southeast+Asian+nation.+Second+chapters+unfold+the+variable+that+effect+Malaysia+quest+in+nation+building.+The+third%2C+dwell+into+the+theoretical+aspect+of+the+subject+attempt+to+survey+why+the+military+is+involved.+The+forth+describe+the+activities+that+are+conducted+by+MAF+in+supporting+the+civil+bureaucracy+in+nation+building.+Finally+the+fifth+conclude+the+paper.">Since Nation-State comes into being, men always strive to have a united nation of people. History witnesses this endeavor in many facts, the Nazi's and Serbian at one extreme and the liberal one on the other. Malaysia as a young Nation-State plural as it is, with the Malay as the main race does not resort to the approach of the Nazi or the Serb in her endeavor to become a nation of people. It has chosen to integrate the arrays of people into one but never it was an easy task however at the outset able to realize a society that is harmony and live as one entity identified as Malaysian. This success had been the contribution of many elements within, which not only had work hard toward the realization but also sacrifices a lot of their self interest. hence, therefore this paper discusses one of the significant elements that is the military roles and contribution toward the end. The approach adopted for this paper is descriptive discussion base on Malaysian experience in the endeavor base on previously documented experience and to some extend some undocumented experience of Military officer and civilian who had involved in the subject. This papers are divided into five chapters: the first introduce to subject on general terms of nation building in particular within the Southeast Asian nation. Second chapters unfold the variable that effect Malaysia quest in nation building. The third, dwell into the theoretical aspect of the subject attempt to survey why the military is involved. The forth describe the activities that are conducted by MAF in supporting the civil bureaucracy in nation building. Finally the fifth conclude the paper.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Dzuhmn
The United Nations Peacekeeping future challenges
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+United+Nations+Peacekeeping+operation+are+the+issues+to+be+looked+forward+in+future.+The+dilemma+faced+by+the+United+Nations+and+its+member-states+are+influenced+by+the+activities+in+a+world+divided+by+nations-states+and+subject+to+the+assymetries+of+political%2C+economic+and+military+power.%0D%0A%0D%0ASince+the+establishment%2C+the+UN+has+been+involved+in+the+endless+regional+conflicts.+The+United+Nations%2C+however+is+much+more+than+a+peacekeeper+and+forum+for+conflict+resolution.+Often+without+attracting+attention%2C+the+United+Nations+and+its+family+of+agencies+are+engaged+in+a+vast+array+of+task+that+touches+every+aspect+of+people%27s+live+around+the+world.%0D%0A%0D%0AThere+are+many+international+issue+which+are+complex+and+potentially+dangerous+for+the+maintenance+of+peace+and+security+in+this+world.+The+first+operation%2C+in+the+form+of+an+observer+mission%2C+was+created+in+the+Middle+East+in+the+1948%2C+the+first+United+Nations+peacekeeping+forces+also+created+in+the+Middle-East+in+1956+to+maintain+peace+and+security+in+the+problem+of+Palestine%2C+which+arose+from+conflicting+claims+of+the+Arab+and+Jewish+over+the+future+status+of+the+territory.">The United Nations Peacekeeping operation are the issues to be looked forward in future. The dilemma faced by the United Nations and its member-states are influenced by the activities in a world divided by nations-states and subject to the assymetries of political, economic and military power. Since the establishment, the UN has been involved in the endless regional conflicts. The United Nations, however is much more than a peacekeeper and forum for conflict resolution. Often without attracting attention, the United Nations and its family of agencies are engaged in a vast array of task that touches every aspect of people's live around the world. There are many international issue which are complex and potentially dangerous for the maintenance of peace and security in this world. The first operation, in the form of an observer mission, was created in the Middle East in the 1948, the first United Nations peacekeeping forces also created in the Middle-East in 1956 to maintain peace and security in the problem of Palestine, which arose from conflicting claims of the Arab and Jewish over the future status of the territory.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Cheas
Piracy in South China Sea-Sabah Coastal waters and its impact on security
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Piracy-including+boarding%2C+hijacking%2C+detentions+and+robberies-remains+a+hidden+but+very+real+problem+in+many+areas+of+the+world.+Estimates+of+the+cost+of+piracy+and+maritime+fraud+range+as+high+as+16+billion+a+year.+Maritime+piracy+continues+to+proliferate+worldwide.+The+estimated+odds+of+attack+are+one+in+one+thousand+worldwide.+In+1997%2C+229+attacks+were+reported.+1996+saw+228+attacks.+Over+400+crewmembers+were+taken+as+hostages.+Many+worldwide+average+of+reported+incidents+against+fishing+vessels+accounts+for+only+six+percent+of+the+total.%0D%0A%0D%0AModern-day+pirates+using+small+fast+craft+have+become+more+prevalent%2C+bolder+in+their+actions+and+use+heavier+weapons+now+than+they+did+a+decade+ago.+They+are+no+longer+just+using+small+arms+and+knives+and+indulging+in+petty+thefts.+In+some+of+the+last+documented+attacks+they+used+machine+guns+and+grenades+in+hijacking+vessels+with+their+cargo.+The+pirates+are+sometimes+grouping+their+resources+and+are+being+aided+by+powerful+syndicates.+Problems+continue+to+be+particularly+significant+in+Southeast+Asian+waters.+This+paper+will+narrow+down+the+scope+to+see+the+piracy+problem+in+Sabah+coastal+and+finding+ways+to+control+or+curb+if+possible+eradicate+the+problem.">Piracy-including boarding, hijacking, detentions and robberies-remains a hidden but very real problem in many areas of the world. Estimates of the cost of piracy and maritime fraud range as high as 16 billion a year. Maritime piracy continues to proliferate worldwide. The estimated odds of attack are one in one thousand worldwide. In 1997, 229 attacks were reported. 1996 saw 228 attacks. Over 400 crewmembers were taken as hostages. Many worldwide average of reported incidents against fishing vessels accounts for only six percent of the total. Modern-day pirates using small fast craft have become more prevalent, bolder in their actions and use heavier weapons now than they did a decade ago. They are no longer just using small arms and knives and indulging in petty thefts. In some of the last documented attacks they used machine guns and grenades in hijacking vessels with their cargo. The pirates are sometimes grouping their resources and are being aided by powerful syndicates. Problems continue to be particularly significant in Southeast Asian waters. This paper will narrow down the scope to see the piracy problem in Sabah coastal and finding ways to control or curb if possible eradicate the problem.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Cheami
Gangguan haid petanda kanser dinding rahim
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Pengesanan+awal+kanser+dinding+rahim+boleh+selamatkan+nyawa%2Cselepas+menjalani+proses+temu+janji+dan+pengesanan+simptom%2Cpemeriksaan+fizikal+dilakukan+bagi+mengenal+pasti+kehadiran+ketumbuhan+pada+bahagian+leher%2Cbahu+payudara%2C+ketiak+dan+abdomen%2Cujian+imbasan+ultrabunyi+juga+akan+dijalankan+bagi+mengenal+pasti+ketebalan+dinding+rahim%2Csaiz+rahim+%2Ckilang+telur%2C+juga+kehadiran+cairan+dalam+rongga+pelvik.">Pengesanan awal kanser dinding rahim boleh selamatkan nyawa,selepas menjalani proses temu janji dan pengesanan simptom,pemeriksaan fizikal dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti kehadiran ketumbuhan pada bahagian leher,bahu payudara, ketiak dan abdomen,ujian imbasan ultrabunyi juga akan dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti ketebalan dinding rahim,saiz rahim ,kilang telur, juga kehadiran cairan dalam rongga pelvik.
Between Sun-Tzu and Clausewitz : Asia and American Wars
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=This+paper+examine+the+strategic+ideas+of+Sun+Tzu+and+Clausewitz+and+find+out+their+works+that+have+influenced+the+Asia-American+wars+that+have+occurred+in+Asia+since+the+end+of+WWII.%0D%0A%0D%0ASun+Tzu+was+a+famous+military+scientist+and+the+one+of+the+ablest+commanders+in+ancient+China.+He+wrote+a+book+%22The+Art+of+War%22+which+is+now+among+the+most+thoughtful+and+comprehensive+book+on+the+strategies+of+war.%0D%0A%0D%0ASince+1945%2C+there+were+three+Asia-American+wars+namely+the+Korean+War%2C+the+Vietnam+War+and+Gulf+War+where+the+United+Nations+forces+applied+superior+strength+and+advanced+military+technology.+Korean+War%2C+in+which+the+forces+if+the+United+Nations+and+of+the+Republic+of+Korean+fought+against+that+the+Korean+and+Chinese+communists+who+were+aided+by+the+Soviet+Union%2C+Vietnam+War%2C+The+United+States+and+some+40+other+countries+supporting+Vietnam+by+supplying+troops+and+munitors.">This paper examine the strategic ideas of Sun Tzu and Clausewitz and find out their works that have influenced the Asia-American wars that have occurred in Asia since the end of WWII. Sun Tzu was a famous military scientist and the one of the ablest commanders in ancient China. He wrote a book "The Art of War" which is now among the most thoughtful and comprehensive book on the strategies of war. Since 1945, there were three Asia-American wars namely the Korean War, the Vietnam War and Gulf War where the United Nations forces applied superior strength and advanced military technology. Korean War, in which the forces if the United Nations and of the Republic of Korean fought against that the Korean and Chinese communists who were aided by the Soviet Union, Vietnam War, The United States and some 40 other countries supporting Vietnam by supplying troops and munitors.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Boo
Jutaan orang berisiko hidap HIV, hepatitis
Tamatkan AIDS laluan yang mencabar sebab kekurangan liputan rawatan dan satu kajian yang mengatakan bahawa tidak cukkup untuk mencegah, menghentikan atau membalikkan wabak HIV dan HCV.
19 sekolah di 6 negeri diancam bom palsu
Selepas PDRM dimaklumkan bahawa perkara ini,PDRM segera bekerjasama dengan sekolah-sekolah yang terlibat untuk mengambil tindakan bagi mengosongkan premis-premis yang terlibat supaya keselamatan pelajar dijaminkan.
Perjuangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Satu analisa
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kepimpinan+Nabi+Muhammad+S.A.W.+terserlah+sejak+di+Kota+Mekah+iaitu+semasa+pemindahan+Hajar+al-Aswad+ke+tempat+asalnya+di+Kaabah.+Baginda+juga+telah+mengenalkan+sistem+syara+iaitu+musyawarah+dalam+semua+bidang+terutama+dalam+bidang+politik+dan+ekonomi.+Sbeagai+perancang+ekonomi+Baginda+memperkenalkan+dasar+ekonomi+baru+bagi+menggantikan+dasar+ekonomi+zaman+Jahiliah+iaitu+menggalakkan+umat+Islam+bekerja+keras%2C+bergiat+dalam+pertanian+dan+perniagaan.+Sebagai+pemimpin%2C+tentera+baginda+telah+menunjukkan+kepimpinan+yang+tinggi+dan+contoh+yang+baik+di+kalangan+umat+Islam+pada+ketika+itu.%0D%0ABaginda+menjadi+pemimpin+bagi+setiap+ekspedisi+ketenteraan+yang+disertainya.+Baginda+sering+mengamalkan+sifat+amanah+dalam+tugasnya+sesuai+dengan+gelaran+yang+diterimanya+iaitu+%22al-Siddiq%2C+al-Amin%22.">Kepimpinan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. terserlah sejak di Kota Mekah iaitu semasa pemindahan Hajar al-Aswad ke tempat asalnya di Kaabah. Baginda juga telah mengenalkan sistem syara iaitu musyawarah dalam semua bidang terutama dalam bidang politik dan ekonomi. Sbeagai perancang ekonomi Baginda memperkenalkan dasar ekonomi baru bagi menggantikan dasar ekonomi zaman Jahiliah iaitu menggalakkan umat Islam bekerja keras, bergiat dalam pertanian dan perniagaan. Sebagai pemimpin, tentera baginda telah menunjukkan kepimpinan yang tinggi dan contoh yang baik di kalangan umat Islam pada ketika itu. Baginda menjadi pemimpin bagi setiap ekspedisi ketenteraan yang disertainya. Baginda sering mengamalkan sifat amanah dalam tugasnya sesuai dengan gelaran yang diterimanya iaitu "al-Siddiq, al-Amin".
Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial Universiti Malaya PL5065 1999 Azmk
Banjir: 22 sekolah di Terengganu ditutup
Sebanyak 22 sekolah ditutup disebabkan banjir dan sekolah yang dijadikan pusat pemindahan sementara boleh memohon cuti bencana.
Kajian Bone Health Alliance Malaysia(BHAM)mendedahkan bahawa satu daripada tiga wanita menopaus akan mengalami osteoporosis(tulang lemah),ini berlaku sebab risiko untuk mendapati osteoporosis semakin meningkat jika hormon wanita menopaus semakin berkurang.
Lovesick : illness, romance and the potrayal of women in low Malay novels from the Dutch East Indies
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 43 - 78.
Music and ritual of pre-twentieth century origins in Manggarai, West Flores
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 79 - 136.
Barong and rangda in the context of Balinese Religion
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 137 - 194.
Fetish, recognition, Revolution. By James T. Siegel
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 195 - 197.
Studies in Sulawesi linguistics. Part V. Edited by David mead. Part VI. Edited by Wyn D. Laidig.
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 198 - 199.
Batavia in nineteenth century photographs. By Scott Merrillees.
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 200 - 203.
Voices in Bali : Energies and per ceptions in vocal music and dance theater. By Edward Herbst.
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 204 - 205.
Springs of fire, springs of tears. Edited by and translated by Thomas M. Hunter.
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 206 - 207.
Staying local in the global village : Bali in the twentieth century. Edited by Raechelle Rubinstein and Linda Connor.
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 208 - 210.
Authority and enterprise among the people of South Sulawesi. Edited by Roger Tol, Kees van Dijk and Greg Acciaoli.
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 211 - 213.
Dinamika masyarakat pendatang dari Afrika di Purworejo (The dynamics of immigrant people from Africa in Purworejo). By Endri Kusruri.
Review of Indonesian And Malayan Affairs (RIMA). 35. 1. 2001. p 214 - 215.
Peperangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. : Satu analisa
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kebanyakan+Angkatan+Tentera+di+dunia+masa+ini+menggunapakaikan+strategi%2C+teknik+dan+taktik+yang+dikaji+dalam+peperangan+dunia+pertama+dan+kedua+serta+di+masa+perang+dingin.+Tidak+banyak+yang+dipelajari+mengenai+peperangan-peperangan+yang+diterajui+oleh+Panglima-panglima+Perang+Islam+khususnya+Rasulullah+S.A.W.+sendiri%2C+sedangkan+kegemilangan+serta+keagungannya+amat+terserlah+sehinggakan+empayar+Islam+telah+berkembang+dan+menakluk+hampir+2%2F3+dari+muka+bumi+ini.+Namun+demikian+tanpa+disedari+strategi%2C+teknik+dan+taktik+peperangan+Islam+telah+dikaji+oleh+kebanyakan+strategist-strategist+Barat+dan+diubah-suaikan+untuk+dijadikan+prinsip+peperangan+moden+masa+kini.%0D%0A%0D%0AApabila+Allah+S.W.T.+telah+membenarkan+peperangan%2C+pelbagai+prinsip+dan+strategi+telah+ditunjukkan+kepada+Baginda+Muhammad+S.A.W.+Justeru+itu%2C+peperagan+Baginda+merupakan+satu+konsep+peperangan+yang+harus+diikuti+oleh+tentera+Islam+untuk+mengelakkan+manusia+daripada+kehancuran+dan+kemusnahan.+Ini+adalah+kerana+peperangan+di+zaman+Rasulullah+S.A.W.+mengikut+lunas-lunas+perundangan%2C+peri+kemanusian+dan+bukannya+bersifatkan+hasad+dengki%2C+balas+dendam%2C+angkuh+dan+sombong+dengan+kemampuan+serta+kebolehan+yang+dimilikinya.%0D%0A%0D%0AOleh+itu+adalah+amat+penting+kajian+yang+teliti+lagi+mendalam+perlu+dilaksanakan+khususnya+Angkatan+Tentera+negara-negara+Islam+agar+kita+sentiasa+mematuhi+unsur+dan+garis+panduan+yang+ditetapkan+oleh+Islam+melalui+pertempuran-pertempuran+oleh+Baginda+Rasulullah+S.A.W.+Dari+itu%2C+kajian+ini+dibuat+adalah+untuk+menganalisa+secara+am+apakah+strategi%2C+teknik%2C+taktik+dan+lain-lain+faktor+telah+digunapakaikan+sehingga+membawa+kejayaan+begitu+cemerlang+hingga+menjadi+ikutan+oleh+kebanyakan+pemimpin+tentera+masa+kini.+Kegimilangan+zaman+kebangkitan+Islam+akan+kembali+menyinar+sekiranya+umat+Islam+sama-sama+mengembleng+fikiran+dan+tenaga+menganalisa+zaman+perjuangan+khususnya+peperangan+Rasulullah+S.A.W.+untuk+digunapakai+bagi+negara+Islam.">Kebanyakan Angkatan Tentera di dunia masa ini menggunapakaikan strategi, teknik dan taktik yang dikaji dalam peperangan dunia pertama dan kedua serta di masa perang dingin. Tidak banyak yang dipelajari mengenai peperangan-peperangan yang diterajui oleh Panglima-panglima Perang Islam khususnya Rasulullah S.A.W. sendiri, sedangkan kegemilangan serta keagungannya amat terserlah sehinggakan empayar Islam telah berkembang dan menakluk hampir 2/3 dari muka bumi ini. Namun demikian tanpa disedari strategi, teknik dan taktik peperangan Islam telah dikaji oleh kebanyakan strategist-strategist Barat dan diubah-suaikan untuk dijadikan prinsip peperangan moden masa kini. Apabila Allah S.W.T. telah membenarkan peperangan, pelbagai prinsip dan strategi telah ditunjukkan kepada Baginda Muhammad S.A.W. Justeru itu, peperagan Baginda merupakan satu konsep peperangan yang harus diikuti oleh tentera Islam untuk mengelakkan manusia daripada kehancuran dan kemusnahan. Ini adalah kerana peperangan di zaman Rasulullah S.A.W. mengikut lunas-lunas perundangan, peri kemanusian dan bukannya bersifatkan hasad dengki, balas dendam, angkuh dan sombong dengan kemampuan serta kebolehan yang dimilikinya. Oleh itu adalah amat penting kajian yang teliti lagi mendalam perlu dilaksanakan khususnya Angkatan Tentera negara-negara Islam agar kita sentiasa mematuhi unsur dan garis panduan yang ditetapkan oleh Islam melalui pertempuran-pertempuran oleh Baginda Rasulullah S.A.W. Dari itu, kajian ini dibuat adalah untuk menganalisa secara am apakah strategi, teknik, taktik dan lain-lain faktor telah digunapakaikan sehingga membawa kejayaan begitu cemerlang hingga menjadi ikutan oleh kebanyakan pemimpin tentera masa kini. Kegimilangan zaman kebangkitan Islam akan kembali menyinar sekiranya umat Islam sama-sama mengembleng fikiran dan tenaga menganalisa zaman perjuangan khususnya peperangan Rasulullah S.A.W. untuk digunapakai bagi negara Islam.
Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial Universiti Malaya PL5065 1999 Isma
Piracy in Malaysian waters : Impact on security
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Piracy+is+as+rife+today+as+ever+with+over+192+attacks+on+shipping+was+recorded+world+wide+from+January+to+December+1998.+Out+of+it%2C+93+happens+in+South+China+Sea+and+in+the+far+east+waters.+According+to+Institute+of+Maritime+Bureau+%28IMB%29+-+Piracy+Reporting+Centre+which+is+based+in+Kuala+Lumpur%2C+the+numbers+is+far+from+true+as+nations%2C+shipowners+and+individuals+each+has+every+reasons+not+to+report+or+keeping+the+facts+secret.+Some+of+these+attacks+demonstrate+the+gratuitous+cruelty+and+inhumanity+which+characterised+the+old+time+pirates%2C+others+are+less+bloody+affairs+involving+attacks+whilst+the+ship+is+at+anchor+and+in+harbour.%0D%0A%0D%0AMaritime+organisations+today+are+essentially+advisory+rather+than+disciplinary%2C+however+some+countries+have+been+pressured+to+handle+piracy+problems+more+strictly.+Nonetheless+the+question+of+%27not+in+my+own+backyard%27+persist+and+the+need+for+integrated%2C+cohesive+and+consistent+approach+rather+than+a+divisive+and+singular+approach+arises.+Regional+enforcement+agencies+are+facing+new+challenges+for+enhancing+enforcement+capability+in+the+midst+of+contracting+capability+development+in+the+face+of+the+currency+crisis+and+the+economic+downturn+in+this+region.+The+studies+will+trace+back+the+beginning+of+piracy+in+South+East+Asia+until+the+current+day.+It+analyses+the+current+situation+focusing+only+on+Malaysian+waters%2C+the+impacts+on+Malaysia%27s+security+as+well+as+the+role+of+various+Malaysian+maritime+organisations.+The+writer+conclude+that+although+piracy+has+no+adverse+impact+on+Malaysian+security%2C+but+it+bears+unfavourable+impact+on+the+economy.+It+also+concludes+that+piracy+will+always+be+a+problem+to+be+recognised+%28especially+in+Sabah+coastal+waters%29+not+only+by+Malaysia+but+also+by+other+ASEAN+countries.">Piracy is as rife today as ever with over 192 attacks on shipping was recorded world wide from January to December 1998. Out of it, 93 happens in South China Sea and in the far east waters. According to Institute of Maritime Bureau (IMB) - Piracy Reporting Centre which is based in Kuala Lumpur, the numbers is far from true as nations, shipowners and individuals each has every reasons not to report or keeping the facts secret. Some of these attacks demonstrate the gratuitous cruelty and inhumanity which characterised the old time pirates, others are less bloody affairs involving attacks whilst the ship is at anchor and in harbour. Maritime organisations today are essentially advisory rather than disciplinary, however some countries have been pressured to handle piracy problems more strictly. Nonetheless the question of 'not in my own backyard' persist and the need for integrated, cohesive and consistent approach rather than a divisive and singular approach arises. Regional enforcement agencies are facing new challenges for enhancing enforcement capability in the midst of contracting capability development in the face of the currency crisis and the economic downturn in this region. The studies will trace back the beginning of piracy in South East Asia until the current day. It analyses the current situation focusing only on Malaysian waters, the impacts on Malaysia's security as well as the role of various Malaysian maritime organisations. The writer conclude that although piracy has no adverse impact on Malaysian security, but it bears unfavourable impact on the economy. It also concludes that piracy will always be a problem to be recognised (especially in Sabah coastal waters) not only by Malaysia but also by other ASEAN countries.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Hemb
Konflik tuntuan Kepulauan Spratly dari segi Undang-Undang Antarabangsa
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Tuntuan+bertindih+ke+atas+Kepulauan+Spratly+di+Laut+China+Selatan+merupakan+salah+satu+isu+yang+begitu+lama+untuk+diselesaikan+bahkan+segala+proses+untuk+menyelesaikan+masih+tertangguh+di+peringkat+meja+rundingan+negara+China%2C+Taiwan%2C+Vietnam%2C+Malaysia%2C+Filipina+dan+Brunei+merupakan+negara+yang+terlibat+secara+langsung+di+atas+perebutan+kepulauan+Spratly.+China%2C+Taiwan+dan+Vietnam+menuntut+Spratly+berdasarkan+kepada+Undang-Undang+Antarabangsa+yang+berasaskan+penggembaraan+dan+pendudukan+%28discovery+and+occupation%29+manakala+Filipina+menuntutnya+berdasarkan+perolehan+penemuan+%28prescriptive+acquisition%29.%0D%0A%0D%0APada+tahun+1982%2C+Konvensyen+Bangsa-Bangsa+Bersatu+bagi+Undang-Undang+Laut+%28United+Nation+Convention+on+the+Law+of+the+Sea+-+UNCLOS+III%29+telah+memperkenalkan+konsep+Zon+Ekonomi+Eksklusif+%28Exclusive+Economic+Zone+-+EEZ%29+dan+Pelantar+Benua+%28Continental+Shelf%29+dengan+penetapan+200+batu+nautika+dan+12+batu+nautika+dalam+lingkungan+tuntutan+wilayah+laut.+Malaysia+dan+Brunei+menuntut+sebahagian+daripada+wilayah+kepulauan+Spratly+berdasarkan+penetapan+tersebut.%0D%0A%0D%0AKertas+kajian+ini+adalah+bertujuan+untuk+mengutarakan+dan+meneliti+isu+yang+merangkumi+asas-asas+tuntutan+bertindih+Kepulauan+Spratly+dan+membincangkan+cara+yang+terbaik+dalam+menyelesaikan+konflik+tuntutan+bertindih+di+Gugusan+Spratly.+Tuntuan+Kepulauan+Spratly+merupakan+salah+satu+isu+yang+begitu+kompleks+untuk+diselesaikan+secara+mendalam+khususnya+dalam+aspek+Undang-undang+Antarabangsa+dan+Undang-undang+Laut+yang+melibatkan+negara+yang+menuntutnya.">Tuntuan bertindih ke atas Kepulauan Spratly di Laut China Selatan merupakan salah satu isu yang begitu lama untuk diselesaikan bahkan segala proses untuk menyelesaikan masih tertangguh di peringkat meja rundingan negara China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Filipina dan Brunei merupakan negara yang terlibat secara langsung di atas perebutan kepulauan Spratly. China, Taiwan dan Vietnam menuntut Spratly berdasarkan kepada Undang-Undang Antarabangsa yang berasaskan penggembaraan dan pendudukan (discovery and occupation) manakala Filipina menuntutnya berdasarkan perolehan penemuan (prescriptive acquisition). Pada tahun 1982, Konvensyen Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu bagi Undang-Undang Laut (United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS III) telah memperkenalkan konsep Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif (Exclusive Economic Zone - EEZ) dan Pelantar Benua (Continental Shelf) dengan penetapan 200 batu nautika dan 12 batu nautika dalam lingkungan tuntutan wilayah laut. Malaysia dan Brunei menuntut sebahagian daripada wilayah kepulauan Spratly berdasarkan penetapan tersebut. Kertas kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengutarakan dan meneliti isu yang merangkumi asas-asas tuntutan bertindih Kepulauan Spratly dan membincangkan cara yang terbaik dalam menyelesaikan konflik tuntutan bertindih di Gugusan Spratly. Tuntuan Kepulauan Spratly merupakan salah satu isu yang begitu kompleks untuk diselesaikan secara mendalam khususnya dalam aspek Undang-undang Antarabangsa dan Undang-undang Laut yang melibatkan negara yang menuntutnya.
Fakulti Sastera Dan Sains Sosial Universiti Malaya PL5065 1999 Hamhh
United Nations: Issues and future challenges
<a href="/rimbun/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=41&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=The+United+Nations+is+a+noble+experiment+in+human+co-operation+.+In+a+world+that+remains+divided+by+many+and+diverse+interests+and+attributes%2C+the+United+Nations+strives+to+articulate+an+inclusive+vision+%3A+community+among+nations%2C+common+humanity+among+people%2C+the+singularity+of+our+one+Earth.+The+Charter+of+the+United+Nations+drafted+with+the+searing+experience+of+history%27s+two+most+destructive+wars+fresh+in+mind%2C+embraced+each+of+these+aspirations+and+provided+institutional+instruments+for+these+pursuit.%0D%0A%0D%0AEven+organisations+with+normal+characteristics+inevitably+develop+faults+in+their+managerial+and+administrative+structure+over+time.+It+is+therefore+hardly+surprising+that+the+United+Nations%2C+after+fifty-four+years+of+unprecedented+global+change+should+be+in+need+of+reform.+As+the+Session+of+the+General+Assembly+opened%2C+a+substantial+number+of+member+governments+were+convinced+that+such+reforms+were+overdue.+This+paper+analyses+the+current+reform+measures+undertaken+by+various+organs+in+the+United+Nations+system.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+fundamental+objective+of+this+reform+effort+is+to+narrow+the+gap+between+accomplishment+and+aspiration.+Reforming+the+machinery+of+the+United+Nations+is+no+substitute+for+the+willingness+of+Governments+to+use+the+organisations%2C+or+can+it%2C+by+itself%2C+bridge+the+very+real+differences+in+interests+and+power+that+exist+among+Member+States.">The United Nations is a noble experiment in human co-operation . In a world that remains divided by many and diverse interests and attributes, the United Nations strives to articulate an inclusive vision : community among nations, common humanity among people, the singularity of our one Earth. The Charter of the United Nations drafted with the searing experience of history's two most destructive wars fresh in mind, embraced each of these aspirations and provided institutional instruments for these pursuit. Even organisations with normal characteristics inevitably develop faults in their managerial and administrative structure over time. It is therefore hardly surprising that the United Nations, after fifty-four years of unprecedented global change should be in need of reform. As the Session of the General Assembly opened, a substantial number of member governments were convinced that such reforms were overdue. This paper analyses the current reform measures undertaken by various organs in the United Nations system. The fundamental objective of this reform effort is to narrow the gap between accomplishment and aspiration. Reforming the machinery of the United Nations is no substitute for the willingness of Governments to use the organisations, or can it, by itself, bridge the very real differences in interests and power that exist among Member States.
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Malaya PL5065 1999 Gan