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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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                <text>Morfologi Bahasa Murut Timugon&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian ini berkaitan dengan salah satu bidang dalam ilmu linguistik, iaitu morfologi yang mengkaji proses pembentukan kata dalam sesuatu bahasa. Bahasa  yang dikaji ialah Bahasa Murut Timugon yang merupakan salah satu kaum di Sabah.&#13;
Kajian ini akan meneliti proses-proses yang terlibat dalam pembentukan kata bahasa tersebut seterusnya melihat fungsi proses tersebut. Selain itu, kajian ini akan turut meneliti penggolongan kata secara sepintas lalu untuk menentukan fungsi sesuatu proses pembentukan kata.&#13;
Bab 1 akan membincangkan tentang latar belakang kawasan kajian iaitu Negeri Sabah, daerah Tenom dan Kampung Simpangan. Latar belakang kawasan kajian ini meliputi sejarah kawasan, etimologi penduduk serta kegiatan ekonomi yang dilakukan. Dalam bab ini disertakan juga jadual dan carta pai yang berkaitan dengan penduduk Negeri Sabah dan Daerah Tenom.&#13;
Bab 2 pula menghuraikan tentang morfologi serta konsep-konsep yang digunakan dalam bidang ini. Antara konsep yang dibincangkan ialah morfem, alomorf dan kata. Selain itu, proses-proses morfologi seperti pengimbuhan, penggandaan, pemajmukan, akronim, perubahan dalam, penggantian dan perubahan kosong turut dibincangkan.&#13;
Bab 3 membincangkan tentang proses pengimbuhan yang berlaku dalam Bahasa Murut Timugon. Bab ini akan meneliti tentang proses-proses pengimbuhan yang terlibat seperti awalan,akhiran, awalan-akhiran dan sisipan. Fungsi setiap imbuhan ini juga akan diteliti sama ada sebagai penetap atau pengubah golongan kata.&#13;
Bab 4 membincangkan tentang dua proses penggandaan yang ada dalam Bahasa Murut Timugon, iaitu proses penggandaan penuh dan proses penggandaan separa.&#13;
Bab 5 akan meneliti tentang proses pemajmukan yang juga merupakan salah satu proses pembentukan kata dalam bahasa ini. Penelitian akan dibuat tentang proses cara bagaimana proses cara bagaimana proses ini berlaku.&#13;
Bab 6 membincangkan bab analisis yang terakhir yang juga merupakan proses perubahan kosong. Bab ini akan melihat bagaimana proses perubahan konsonan dan vokal mempengaruhi penggunaan kata-kata tersebut.&#13;
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                <text>Salsiah Lajuin</text>
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                <text>Kumpulan Teater Akrab : Pengurusan organisasi, aktiviti dan kejayaan (1998-2004)&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian yang dibuat ini mengenai salah sebuah persatuan yang terlibat di dalam memperjuangkan seni teater di Malaysia. Persatuan yang dikaji ini merupakan sebuah persatuan yang sedang meningkat naik dalam seni teater dan merupakan sebuah persatuan yang terbaik di negeri Kedah. Persatuan ini ialah Persatuan Penggerak Warisan Budaya atau lebih dikenali sebagai AKRAB.&#13;
	AKRAB merupakan salah sebuah persatuan yang sedang mencipta nama di dalam bidang seni teater di negeri Kedah. AKRAB memainkan peranan sebagai pemangkin ke arah memperjuangkan seni teater ke peringkat yang lebih tinggi. Penglibatan AKRAB hampir tujuh tahun bermula pada tahun 1998 sehingga kini di dalam seni penteateran ini membuktikan bahawa dunia teater kita tidak pernah sunyi dengan kehadiran penggait-penggait muda yang berbakat dalam menyumbangkan idea, bakat dan lakonan yang bermutu kepada masyarakat.&#13;
	Sepanjang tempoh penglibatan dalam bidang seni ini. AKRAB cuba membawa pelbagai jenis bentuk persembahan bersesuaian dengan kehendak masyarakat yang mahukan kelainan dalam setiap pementasan yang dibuat. Ternyata, AKRAB mempunyai kelebihan dan kekuatan tersendiri apabila berjaya menobatkan diri sebagai juara di dalam pertandingan teater dalam jangka masa empat tahun berturut-turut bagi peringkat negeri selain pernah berjaya merangkul kejuaraan di dalam Pekan Teater Kebangsaan pada tahun 2001. Sesungguhnya, kejayaan ini merupakan pencetus semangat untuk AKRAB terus berjuang memartabatkan seni warisan budaya ini.&#13;
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                <text>Menurut sejarah sepanjang hidup baginda sentiasa menghiasi dirinya dengan kelakuan yang baik dan tidak pernah melibatkan dirinya dalam perkara-perkara yang keji dan mungkar.</text>
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                <text>Mastika 46.2 (Feb) 1986.pp. 43-44</text>
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                <text>Kajian ini mengenai peralihan penyebaran karya sastera dari tradisi lisan kepada bentuk tulisan dan multimedia, dengan fokus pada peranan tukang cerita dan contoh karya "Cerita Unggas" yang melalui ketiga-tiga bentuk penyampaian tersebut.</text>
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                <text>Madiawati Mamat@Mustafa</text>
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                <text>Arbaie Sujud</text>
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                <text>Junal Pengajian Melayu.20.2009.p. 153-178.&#13;
DS595.2 M2JPM</text>
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                <text>Utamakan membaca untuk berkreatif</text>
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                <text>Apa sahaja yang ditulis mestilah menepati makna esei atau drama atau cerpen atau puisi atau novel itu sendiri.</text>
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                <text>A. Ghani Abdullah</text>
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                <text>Mastika 46.2 (Feb) 1986.pp. 44-45</text>
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                <text>Kisah empat orang pemuda Palestin yang merampas kapal penumpang tidak diperkatakan secara hangat lagi tetapi tindakan Amerika memburu Abul Abbas yang menjadi perbualan.</text>
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                <text>Etnografi kampung: Kajian sosio-ekonomi di kampung Bukit Kuin 2, Kuantan, Pahang&#13;
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Dalam kehidupan ini manusia tidak dapat lari daripada hidup bersosial atau bermasyarakat. Aspek sosial amat penting dalam kehidupan dan bergerak seiringan dengan aspek ekonomi. Pendek kata, kedua-dua aspek ini tidak dapat dipisahkan kerana telah terangkum dalam satu pakej yang cukup lengkap.&#13;
	Dalam penyelidikan ini, pengkaji telah menyelusuri kisah atau sketsa kehidupan masyarakat bercorak etnografi penduduk di Kampung Bukit Kuin 2, Kuantan, Pahang. Etnografi penduduk ini penting bagi menyingkap dan mengungkap latar belakang sesuatu masyarakat. Etnografi mempunyai pengertian yang luas. Sungguhpun begitu, ia dapat ditakrifkan sebagai satu usaha yang dijalankan untuk memberi gambaran kepada umum mengenai budaya dan amalan yang terdapat dalam sesebuah masyarakat.&#13;
Bagi mengisi keperluan hubungan sosial, masyarakat perlu membina peraturan sosial, iaitu susunan aturan yang perlu diikut agar dapat mewujudkan keharmonian dan keseimbangan sosial. Tegasnya, masyarakat dapat mengekalkan kestabilan kerana terdapatnya peraturan sosial yang sistematik.&#13;
Melalui aspek ekonomi pula, masyarakat perlu menguasai dan meningkatkan tahap ekonomi bagi meneruskan kelangsungan hidup mereka. Ekonomi penting bagi membolehkan kita menyukat dan menentukan ukuran maju mundurnya sesebuah masyarakat atau negara. &#13;
Jarak sosial-ekonomi penduduk kampung yang dibina semakin meluas, tetapi hubungan antara kedua-dua aspek ini tidak dapat dipisahkan. Perkembangan ekonomi pada paras yang lebih luas banyak mempengaruhi kedudukan ekonomi para penduduk. Oleh itu, Penduduk Bukit Kuin 2 terpaksa berhadapan dengan perubahan supaya mereka tidak keciciran di bawa arus pemodenan. Justeru itu, diharapkan warga Kampung Bukit Kuin 2 terus maju dan dapat hidup aman harmoni walaupun diduga dengan pelbagai rintangan.&#13;
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Penulisan ini merupakan kajian awal tentang bahasa Bugis dalam konteks masyarakat Malaysia. Masyarakat Bugis telah lama berada di negara ini telah diterima baik oleh masyarakat negara ini kerana budaya dan amalan hidup mereka hampir sama dengan budaya dan amalan hidup kita di sini. Kehadiran masyarakat Bugis di negara ini telah banyak memberi sumbangan kepada pembangunan negara.&#13;
Dalam bab pertama, kajian ini hanya membicarakan tentang masyarakat Bugis  di Sandakan dan sedikit sejarah kedatangan mereka di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Selain itu bab ini juga menceritakan tentang penubuhan Persatuan Kebajikan Masyarakat Bugis Sabah. Penubuhan ini dapat membantu taraf hidup masyarakat Bugis di Sabah agar tidak ketinggalan dengan kaum lain di Malaysia dan Sabah khususnya.&#13;
Bab kedua pula, pengkaji akan meneliti pergerakan orang Bugis dan orang-orang Melayu berdasarkan teori Asia Tengah  iaitu teori yang menyatakan bahawa bangsa  yang mendiami Asia Tenggara datang dari Selatan China termasuklah bangsa Bugis dan bangsa Melayu. Manakala bab tiga pula meneliti hubungan antara bahasa Bugis dengan bahasa Melayu dari segi kebahasaan yang bukan sahaja kajian terhadap bentuk kata kognat,malah melihat kajian yang lebih mendalam lagi iaitu sistem morfologi yang lebih fokus kepada sistem imbuhan. Hubungan kebahasaan yang rapat ini dapat menunjukkan bahawa  orang Melayu atau penutur bahasa Melayu mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan orang Bugis.&#13;
Bab keempat pula meneliti ciri-ciri bahasa Bugis secara umum. Selain itu, kajian ini akan menyentuh tentang sedikit perbezaan dengan bahasa Melayu. Pengaruh bahasa Melayu dialek Sabah khususnya Sandakan terhadap bahasa Bugis juga dihuraikan. Manakala bab lima pula membuat kesimpulan keseluruhan kajian ini.&#13;
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Pembangunan dan pemuliharaan bandar khususnya pembangunan bandar warisan adalah penting kerana bandar warisan merupakan permulaan tamadun manusia yang perlu dikekalkan sebagai warisan kepada generasi akan datang.&#13;
Kajian pembangunan dan pemuliharaan di bandar Kota Bharu merupakan harapan bagi setiap individu, masyarakat dan kerajaan. Ini demikian kerana Kota Bharu adalah bandar Islam yang kaya dengan sejarah dan warisan yang menceritakan bagaimana kewujudan bandar serta kehidupan masyarakat di Kota Bharu.&#13;
Kota Bharu menonjolkan kebudayaannya yang dapat dilihat dari aspek budaya dan sejarah yang dikaitkan dengan warisan sejarah dan cara hidup budaya Melayu adalah aspek utama yang dititikberatkan. Ini bersesuaian kerana bandar Kota Bharu juga dikenali Kota Budaya. Oleh yang demikian, pemuliharaan adalah penting di bandar Kota Bharu.&#13;
Kajian akan meneliti sejauh mana pembangunan dan pemuliharaan selari dengan langkah kearah memenuhi matlamat identiti bandar budaya  yang bersejarah. Hasil daripada analisis yang dibuat daripada soal selidik menunjukkan rata-rata masyarakat bersetuju tentang langkah pemuliharaan bandar warisan yang dilakukan oleh kerajaan dalam usaha menjadikan pembangunan dan pemuliharaan di Kota Bharu seiring dan mampan.&#13;
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                <text>Penggunaan ikon pelbagai institusi antara dua negara : Analisis  semiotik paling luas&#13;
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Latihan ilmiah ini membincangkan semiotik dalam penggunaan ikon, yang memberi tumpuan khusus kepada tujuh institusi antara dua negara, iaitu Malaysia dan Singapura,&#13;
Dalam bahagia pengenalan ada diberikan sedikit latar belakang kajian tentang semiotik. Aspek-aspek kajian seperti tujuan, bidang, bahan, kaedah dan konsep kajian turut disentuh dalam bab ini.&#13;
Seterusnya dalam kerangka teoritis diutarakan definisi, konsep, aliran-aliran, skop teori serta kategori teori semiotik. Dalam bab ini juga dibincangkan perbezaan konsep antara Semiotik aliran Barat dengan Islam.&#13;
Analisis kajian dijalankan secara kualitatif. Komponen jenis ikon seperti ikon tidak berlambang dan ikon berlambang dilihat dalam analisis kuantitatif dari segi bilangan dan peratusan. Perbandingan unsur antara institusi dalam dua buah negara dibuat dengan berdasarkan model semiotik paling luas. Tafsiran kajian dibuat  berdasarkan analisis tersebut untuk memberikan gambaran jelas mengenai unsur-unsur semiotik yang terdapat dalam setiap institusi antara dua buah negara ini.&#13;
Yang terakhir merupakan penutup. Di sini dibincangkan rumusan analisis secara keseluruhan dan kajian selanjutnya dicadangkan. &#13;
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                <text>Iklan Majalah : Analisis Semiotik Paling Luas</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Latihan ilmiah ini membincangkan semiotik dalam iklan media bercetak, yang memberi tumpuan khusus kepada contoh-contoh iklan yang dipaparkan di dalam majalah.&#13;
Dalam bahagian pengenalan ada diberikan sedikit latarbelakang kajian tentang semiotik.Aspek-aspek kajian seperti tujuan, bidang, bahan,kaedah dan konsep kajian disentuh dalam bab ini.&#13;
Seterusnya dalam kerangka teoritis diutarakan definisi, konsep, aliran-aliran, skop teori serta kategori teori semiotik. Dalam bab ini juga dibincangkan perbezaan konsep antara Semiotik aliran Barat dan Islam.&#13;
Analisis kajian dijalankan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Unsur-unsur tanda seperti lambang, ikon dan indeks dilihat dalam analisis kuantitatif dari segi bilangan dan peratusan. Perbandingan unsur antara lambang, ikon dan indeks dalam iklan-iklan yang dipilih dibuat dengan berdasarkan konsep Semiotik aliran Barat dan konsep Semiotik Paling Luas. Tafsiran kajian dibuat berdasarkan analisis tersebut untuk memberikan gambaran jelas mengenai unsur-unsur semiotik yang terdapat dalam iklan media bercetak, khususnya majalah.&#13;
Yang terakhir merupakan penutup. Di sini dibincangkan rumusan analisis secara keseluruhan dan kajian selanjutnya dicadangkan. &#13;
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                <text>Hazleeya Mad Ali&#13;
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                <text>Bahasa dalam sistem pesanan ringkas(SMS) : Kajian kes rancangan NTV7&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian ini berkaitan dengan bahasa Melayu yang digunakan dalam sistem pesanan ringkas (SMS). Analisis yang menggunakan konsep kesalahan bahasa ini cuba mengkaji kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh pengguna sistem pesanan ringkas. Pengkaji menggunakan korpus kajian bahasa SMS dan beranggapan bahawa bahasa yang digunakan dalam sistem komunikasi jalur lebar ini salah dari segi penggunaan seharian. Kajian ini menggunakan korpus bahasa SMS yang terdapat dalam rancangan televisyen NTV7 sebagai penelitian.&#13;
	Pengkaji telah mengambil sampel bahasa SMS yang terpapar pada skrin stesen televisyen ini dalam masa yang ditetapkan. Dalam tempoh ini, segala bentuk bahasa SMS yang dikirim oleh orang ramai akan dianalisis. Dalam proses analisis, pengkaji akan mengalih bentuk data ke dalam bentuk teks bertulis kerana sampel bahan yang diambil adalah dalam bentuk elektronik.&#13;
	Hasil kajian yang menggunakan pendekatan kesalahan bahasa oleh Abdul bin Mohd Shariff (1987) ini mendapati bahawa terdapat 29 peratus kesalahan bahasa ketara dalam SMS. Kesalahan bahasa tidak ketara pula berjumlah 14 peratus, manakala selebihnya adalah unsur-unsur kreatif bahasa SMS dan merupakan unsur yang paling banyak terdapat bahasa SMS.&#13;
Dapatan kajian turut memperlihatkan kecenderungan orang ramai melakukan kesalahan bahasa dengan menukar kod bahasa ketika sesi perbualan, kesalahan ejaan semasa menggunakan bahasa SMS, pengaruh dialek dalam komunikasi dan sebagainya. </text>
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                <text>Jahar Abdul Rasit&#13;
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                <text>PL5065 2006 Jahar&#13;
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                <text>2006</text>
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                <text>fieda</text>
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                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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  <item itemId="19844" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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                <text> Fonologi bahasa Sungai : Subdialek Sungai Kuamut&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian ini merupakan kajian mengenai sistem fonologi subdialek Sungai Kuamut yang ditinjau dari perspektif Linguistik Deskriptif. Walau bagaimanapun dalam bahagian -bahagian tertentu. Kajian ini juga turut menyentuh mengenai Linguistik Bandingan. Namun kajian ini hanya dilakukan secara sepintas lalu sahaja. Kaedah pengumpulan data adalah melalui kajian lapangan. Bagi kajian tersebut, kajian ini dijalankan dalam bentuk rakaman bagi mendapatkan pertuturan lisan yang sebenar dan juga ‘personal observation’ untuk tujuan menambahkan data.&#13;
Aspek yang dikaji dalam kajian ini ialah sistem fonologi subdialek Sungai Kuamut yang dilihat dari sudut  vokal dan konsonan. Bentuk-bentuk vokal dan konsonan ini seterusnya disenaraikan dan dihuraikan  satu persatu berdasarkan kehadirannya dalam kata. Kajian ini juga meninjau perubahan fonologi dalam subdialek ini bagi melihat kesejajaranya dengan bahasa melayu standard. Di samping itu juga, perbandingan turut dilakukan bagi melihat perkaitan subdialek ini dengan bahasa Melayu standard sama ada timbulnya persamaan mahupun perbezaan. Perbandingan ini dilakukan menerusi unsur-unsur kekognatan.</text>
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                <text>Jumina Malimbroni&#13;
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                <text>fieda</text>
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                <text>Unsur budaya Magis dalam terjemahan Inggeris-Melayu karya J.K.Rowling : ‘Harry Potter dengan Batu Hikmat’&#13;
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Kajian ini merupakan kajian unsur budaya dalam penterjemahan yang mengkaji aspek budaya magis sebagai analisis kajian. Budaya magis yang dianalisis ini merupakan budaya yang terdapat dalam sebuah teks karya kreatif yang bergenrekan khayalan,iaitu teks Harry Potter dengan Batu Hikmat (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone). Kajian ini juga merupakan sebuah analisis mengenai budaya dalam karya kreatif terjemahan Inggeris-Melayu. &#13;
Kajian ini juga memberi perhatian dan kajian semula tentang konsep budaya dan terjemahan. Konsep budaya yang ingin dianalisis dan diketengahkan dalam kajian ini berpandukan pada definisi Nida (1963) mengenai budaya yang berbentuk material dan bukan material. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini juga mengenal pasti pendekatan-pendekatan budaya  dalam terjemahan mengikut pendekatan dan kaedah penyelidikan yang dikemukakan oleh para sarjana yang mengkaji bidang penterjemahan seperti pendekatan Akulturasi-Lefevere (1992), pendekatan Realia-florin (1993), dan pendekatan Nida (1963) dalam membuat analisis kajian.&#13;
	Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti dan menganalisis unsur-unsur budaya magis sama ada dalam budaya material dan budaya bukan material dalam teks Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone - Harry Potter dengan Batu Hikmat. Unsur-unsur budaya material seperti alatan, makanan, pakaian,dan makhluk, manakala unsur-unsur budaya bukan material pula seperti perayaan, kelakuan, kepercayaan, dan pemikiran. Analisis kajian juga dibuat berpandukan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif.&#13;
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Pendidikan merupakan tunjang kepada kemajuan individu dalam bidang Akademik. Seseorang yang tidak mempunyai pendidikan  akan menyebabkan dirinya sentiasa ketinggalan dan hidup dalam kelompok kemiskinan. Ini kerana, pendidikan dapat memberi jaminan masa depan yang panjang dan pekerjaan yang terjamin serta dipandang mulia oleh masyarakat. Melalui pendidikan, seseorang itu akan merasakan dirinya dihargai, disanjung dan dipandang tinggi.&#13;
Pendidikan terbahagi kepada dua iaitu pendidikan formal dan pendidikan tidak formal. Pada zaman yang serba moden ini, pendidikan formal adalah penting menyaingi pelbagai golongan manusia yang semakin maju dengan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan. Namun  begitu, pendidikan tidak formal juga penting dalam membentuk manusia menjadi  seorang yang berguna di mata masyarakat. Pendidikan tidak formal  meliputi perkara asas yang diajar oleh penjaga iaitu pendidikan al-Quran, kehormatan diri, dan kebersihan. Kalau manusia mengamalkan pendidikan formal dan pendidikan tidak formal secara betul ia akan menjadikan seseorang itu berjaya dalam hidupnya. &#13;
Pendidikan anak-anak di Felda Chiku Dua merujuk kepada pelajar-pelajar yang masih bersekolah dan dibawah jagaan ibu bapa masing. Pendidikan ini diajar  di sekolah dan dibantu oleh Felda, kerajaan negeri dan serta kerajaan pusat. Bantuan yang terlibat terdiri daripada bantuan kewangan, infrastruktur, dan sokongan. Pendidikan anak-anak Felda dapat mengubah tahap ekonomi keluarga kepada yang lebih baik serta dapat membantu ibu bapa dalam ekonomi apabila habis belajar dan mendapat pekerjaan yang baik.&#13;
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Teori Takmilah: Kajian terhadap kumpulan cerpen Sekuntum Kembang di Sayap Jibril, dibahagi kepada enam bab utama. Latihan ilmiah ini merupakan berkisar kepada teori Takmilah dan sejauhmanakah pengaplikasian teori ini dalam kumpulan cerpen Sekuntum Kembang di Sayap Jibril boleh diterima.&#13;
Bab Satu: Pengenalan, dalam bab ini pengkaji membincangkan tentang teori Takmilah secara ringkas. Pengkaji juga menyertakan mengenai tujuan kajian, permasalahan kajian, kepentingan kajian, dan kaedah kajian.&#13;
Bab Dua: Teori Takmilah sebagai teori sastera Islam, dalam bab ini pengkaji membincangkan sudut teori dari aspek Islam. Pengkaji juga membincangkan aspek-aspek seperti konsep teori, pemikiran sastera tempatan. Pengkaji juga menjelaskan konsep teori Takmilah. Selain daripada itu pengkaji turut membincangkan polemik sastera Islam yang merupakan aspek penting dalam perkembangan sastera Islam di Malaysia.&#13;
Bab Tiga: Takmilah dalam sastera Melayu, dalam bab ini pengkaji menghuraikan biodata pencipta teori Takmilah iaitu Shafei Abu Bakar. Membincangkan juga tentang peranan teori Takmilah ini dalam sastera Melayu. Pengkaji juga memasukkan ciri-ciri penentuan yang digunakan  dalam analisis ketakmilahan dalam karya.&#13;
Bab Empat: Analisis kumpulan cerpen Sekuntum Kembang di Sayap Jibril, dalam bab ini pengkaji menyertakan mengenai biodata penulis kumpulan cerpen Sekuntum Kembang di Sayap Jibril iaitu S.M.Zakir. Selain daripada itu pengkaji turut melihat aliran dan pemikiran yang didokong S.M.Zakir. Penelitian aliran dan pemikiran pengarang penting bagi melihat hala tuju setiap karyanya. Kumpulan cerpen ini  mengandungi 21 buah cerpen dan pengkaji hanya meneliti mengikut kesesuaian teori. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan tema, isi, struktur, watak, nilai, latar dan beberapa lagi.&#13;
Bab Lima: Keabadian cinta di dalam Sekuntum Kembang di Sayap Jibril, dalam bab ini akan menghuraikan konsep keabadian cinta dalam mengenai hakikat kewujudan pencipta. Dalam bab ini juga akan melihat kepada pencarian hakikat keinsanan dalam diri dalam menemukan cinta abadi  kepada Allah S.W.T.&#13;
Bab Enam: Kesimpulan, dalam bab ini pengkaji memberikan kesimpulan terhadap kajian, melihat keberkesanan penerapan teori ke dalam karya, selain dari itu pengkaji turut menyarankan beberapa pendapat mengenai kajian dan bahan kajian.</text>
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Perkembangan komputer dapat dirasai ledakannya agak drastik, komputer menjadi telah menjadi sebahagian daripada keperluan dan mempengaruhi kehidupan seharian.&#13;
	Atas kesedaran  masyarakat kini tentang kepentingan komputer multimedia (teknologi maklumat) terhadap perkembangan negara kita dapat lihat akan perubahan positif yang agak ketara. Komputer bukan sahaja digunakan oleh agensi kerajaan dan swasta tetapi juga turut digunakan dalam pendidikan. Dalam memperkasakan lagi sistem pendidikan negara kita, pihak kerajaan telah membekalkan kemudahan komputer di sekolah supaya kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan lebih berkesan dan lebih efisien, malah pihak kerajaan juga turut menyediakan makmal komputer untuk dimanfaatkan oleh semua pelajar dan guru-guru supaya tidak ketinggalan dalam mengharungi dunia globalisasi. Penggunaan teknologi maklumat (TM) semakin menular bukan sahaja di peringkat Universiti, Kolej, Sekolah Menengah dan Rendah, bahkan juga di peringkat Pra sekolah. Oleh itu, kanak-kanak peringkat peringkat  pra sekolah juga perlu turut serta memasuki gelombang tersebut.&#13;
Justeru itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran bagaimana multimedia dapat membantu dalam pengajaran bahasa di bilik darjah sejauhmana keberkesanan perisian multimedia yang dibina berdasarkan pendekatan komunikatif dengan mengintegrasikan teknologi multimedia dalam penghasilan perisian tersebut. Di samping itu, pengkaji turut membincangkan tentang kaitan teori komunikatif dengan teknologi maklumat dalam menghasilkan perisian. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di sekolah Tadika Comel Kreatif dengan penglibatan seramai sembilan orang responden. Semua maklumat yang  diperolehi akan dianalisis dan dihuraikan dalam bentuk jadual agar penerangan yang diberikan akan lebih mudah dan mudah untuk difahami.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>"Sekolah Integrasi" perpaduan melalui pendidikan</text>
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                <text>Pada dasarnya konsep 'Sekolah Integrasi' bertujuan untuk mencapai matlamat dasar pelajaran mewujudkan perpaduan kaum melalui pendidikan.</text>
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                <text>Hari Satera '85 menunjukkan terlalu banyak kertas-kerja yang dibentangkan tetapi sedikit sahaja dibincangkan dan diperkatakan oleh para peserta yang hampir 700 orang.</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Tidak begitu banyak kajian yang telah dilakukan mengenai slanga Mat Rock di kepulauan melayu ini. Selain daripada slanga Mat Rock, kajian mengenai budaya rock dan juga kedatangan muzik rock di kepulauan Melayu juga belum dilakukan. Kemungkinan kajian mengenai muzik rock dan juga budaya rock digolongkan sekali ke dalam budaya popular. Walaupun begitu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis slanga Mat Rock di dalam aspek etimologi, fonologi,morfologi dan semantik agar dapat dipaparkan pengaruh yang kuat di dalam slanga serta usaha penyerasian BM di dalam kata slanga tersebut.&#13;
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Bab 5 memperlihatkan aspek semantik dan jenis perubahan makna yang merangkumi analisis perubahan makna di dalam kata pinjaman asing. Bab ini juga akan menghuraikan tafsiran dapatan analisis.&#13;
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Kajian ini ditulis dalam lima bab. Bab pertama mengandungi pengenalan secara ringkas tentang tujuan, bidang, latar belakang kawasan kajian, dan di dalam bab ini juga diberikan definisi  mengenai bidang kajian.&#13;
Bab kedua pula membincangkan mengenai kerangka teori. Bab ini membincangkan mengenai teori-teori yang telah digunakan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji terdahulu. Dalam bab ini juga dimasukkan huraian secara ringkas tentang kajian-kajian yang telah dilakukan berkaitan dengan aspek fonologi bahasa Melayu dan bahasa Austronesia yang lain.&#13;
Bab ketiga pula membincangkan tentang sistem vokal dalam dialek Terengganu Pantai. Kajian ini juga dibuat berdasarkan penyebaran vokal dalam bahasa tersebut sama ada boleh hadir di awal kata, tengah kata, ataupun akhir kata. Huraian dibuat dengan melihat bagaimana bunyi vokal itu diujarkan berdasarkan kepada jenis vokal yang terdapat dalam dialek Terengganu Pantai.&#13;
Dalam bab empat pula perbincangan tertumpu kepada sistem konsonan. Terdapat beberapa jenis bunyi konsonan yang ada dalam bahasa ini. Huraian diperincikan lagi dengan melihat bagaimana bunyi konsonan tersebut diujarkan. Kemudiannya, dalam bab ini juga membincangkan tentang penyebaran konsonan sama ada hadir di awal kata, tengah kata mahupun di akhir kata. Di samping itu juga, bab ini juga menerangkan mengenai diftong serta penyebarannya dalam kata.&#13;
Bab lima iaitu bab terakhir merupakan kesimpulan keseluruhan dalam kajian ini kesimpulan dibuat berdasarkan dapatan kajian pada bab sebelumnya.&#13;
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Kegiatan pertanian padi merupakan salah satu daripada beberapa bidang pekerjaan yang terdapat dalam masyarakat Melayu. Penulisan ilmiah ini membincangkan mengenai istilah teknologi pertanian padi yang terdapat di dalam masyarakat Melayu. Istilah-istilah tersebut meliputi teknologi  tradisional dan moden. Penghuraian mengenai proses-proses penanaman padi juga dilakukan. Huraian dibuat mengikut peringkat-peringkat penanaman. Setiap peringkat penanaman dan memproses padi memerlukan penggunaan teknologi dan istilah yang berlainan.&#13;
Selain itu, nama-nama benih padi yang digunakan dalam pertanian padi sejak zaman tradisional dan zaman moden turut dibincangkan. Masalah-masalah yang berlaku dalam pertanian padi yang boleh mengganggu tumbesaran pokok padi dan buahnya juga disentuh. Contohnya seperti serangan dan gangguan musuh atau perosak padi. Bersama-sama masalah tersebut turut dinyatakan teknologi yang diguna pakai sama ada tradisional mahupun moden sebagai langkah pengawalan.&#13;
Sebahagian lagi topik yang diulas dalam penulisan ini adalah berkenaan hasil-hasil padi. Hasil-hasil padi dibincangkan mengikut kategori-kategori tertentu.Hasil-hasil makanan yang berasal daripada padi , dikategorikan sebagai hasil utama padi. Manakala produk sampingan padi pula merupakan hasil bukan makanan seperti hasil padi yang digunakan untuk tujuan pembinaan, makanan ternakan dan kosmetik. Segala hasil padi yang dinyatakan merupakan hasil yang sering dan mudah ditemui di sekitar kita. Produk-produk ini juga selalu digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.&#13;
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Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menyenaraikan jenis-jenis strategi komunikasi yang digunakan oleh pelajar-pelajar yang menuturkan dialek Kelantan semasa sesi pembelajaran di bilik darjah. Jenis-jenis yang dikaji meliputi strategi pencapaian dan strategi pengelakan.&#13;
Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks berdasarkan transkripsi rakaman 15 orang subjek, iaitu pelajar Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Bukit Jawa, Pasir Puteh Kota Bharu Kelantan. Aktiviti lisan yang dijalankan ialah temuduga, wawancara, forum dan perbincangan. Aktiviti ini dirakam, kemudian ditranskripsikan untuk dianalisis.&#13;
Berdasarkan penganalisaan yang telah dibuat terdapat 5 jenis strategi komunikasi yang telah digunakan oleh subjek dalam kajian ini. Dalam strategi pencapaian terdapat 3 jenis strategi, iaitu strategi rayuan kerjasama, strategi penukaran kod dan strategi pengambilan masa. Manakala, strategi pengelakan pula hanya satu iaitu, strategi pengelakan topik.&#13;
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                <text>Teknologi pembuatan Saguk Ubi : Tumpuan penduduk Pulau Pemanggil di perkampungan Tanjung Teresak Pak Kalleh Mersing Johor</text>
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Kajian ini membincangkan khusus tentang teknologi dan pembuatan Saguk Ubi yang merupakan antara makanan tradisi masyarakat Melayu di sekitar kepulauan Negeri Johor iaitu di Pulau Pemanggil Mersing. Matlamat utama kajian ini adalah untuk mendokumentasikan teknologi dan pembuatan Saguk Ubi. Selain itu kajian ini juga menyatakan serba sedikit tentang latar belakang  kawasan kajian dan juga tentang kedatangan pokok ubi kayu di alam Melayu dan beberapa aspek lain yang berkaitan  dengannya. Penekanan kajian ialah untuk melihat teknologi yang ada disebaliknya disamping perbincangan khusus tentang dapatan matlamat utama kajian yang dilakukan serta membincangkan sedikit beberapa perkara sampingan yang lain.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Norhapiziah Mohtar</text>
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                <text>PL5065 2006 Norm</text>
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                <text>2006</text>
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                <text>fieda</text>
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                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Ciri dominan bahasa Melayu lisan dalam filem ‘Geng Skru Drebar’ di Singapura</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Masyarakat dan bahasa lisan merupakan gandingan yang tidak boleh dipisahkan. Ada masyarakat maka pastinya wujudnya bahasa lisan sehinggalah boleh dilihat dalam masyarakat adanya ciri-ciri tertentu dalam bahasa lisan sama ada secara disedari mahupun sebaliknya.&#13;
Dalam kajian ini akan dilihat beberapa ciri dominan bahasa Melayu lisan dalam masyarakat Melayu dengan membuat analisis berdasarkan filem ‘Geng Skru Drebar’ di Singapura.&#13;
Kajian ini dibahagi kepada empat bab. Bab yang pertama akan membincangkan perkara-perkara yang menjadi dasar atau landasan kajian ini iaitu tujuan kajian, batasan, skop, bahan dan metodologi kajian.&#13;
Bab kedua pula merangkumi konsep-konsep yang akan dijadikan pegangan dalam membuat kajian dan analisis. Akan dibincangkan juga kajian lepas yang dilakukan oleh pengkaji tempatan mengenai bahasa lisan. Beberapa model yang berkaitan dengan kajian juga akan diperihalkan. Perbincangan diteruskan dengan ciri-ciri bahasa Melayu lisan.&#13;
Seterusnya, bab ketiga adalah analisis data serta perbincangan mengenai ciri-ciri dominan bahasa Melayu lisan. Bab akhir pula adalah bab penutup yang akan membincangkan dapatan kajian dan kesimpulan kajian yang dijalankan secara keseluruhan.</text>
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                <text>Norjanah Mohamed Yusope</text>
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                <text>PL5065 2006 Normy</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2006</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119017">
                <text>fieda</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119018">
                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="117524">
                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119019">
                <text>Bunga-bunga bahasa (Diom) dalam teks klasik : Satu analisis&#13;
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                <text>Malay language -- Idioms</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119021">
                <text>Malay literature -- History and criticism</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pemikiran masyarakat Melayu mengenai penggunaan Bunga-bunga bahasa (Diom) dalam ungkapan Melayu. Berdasarkan pemilihan kajian ini aspek dapat diperhatikan adalah berasaskan kepada dua pembahagian utama iaitu benda hidup bernyawa dan tidak bernyawa.&#13;
Pengkaji memilih Bunga-bunga bahasa sebagai korpus utama untuk memahami perkara yang tersurat dan tersirat di sebalik ungkapan yang terbina. Data dipilih menggunakan tiga buah buku teks antaranya teks Hikayat Raja Muda, Hikayat Terung Pipit dan Hikayat Anggun Cik Tunggal.&#13;
Melalui kaedah-kaedah penyelidikan berasaskan kepada kerangka Za’ba, pengkaji dapat merumuskan bahawa bunga-bunga bahasa digunakan bertujuan untuk mencerminkan minda Melayu melalui bentuk peribahasa, perumpamaan, simpulan bahasa, pepatah, bidalan, metafora, personifikasi, hiperbola, lidah pendita, tamsil dan bidalan.&#13;
Menyedari akan hakikat ini, kajian ke atas penggunaan buku  teks hikayat menyelami pemikiran masyarakat Melayu pada zaman dahulu. Daripada kajian ini akan menampakkan ‘World view’ orang Melayu dan juga peranan komunikatif terhadap persekitaran. Pemanfaatan unsur-unsur alam dapat diaplikasi dalam ungkapan yang membawa makna berlapis.&#13;
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Nor Sahara Mesman</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119024">
                <text>PL5065 2006 Norsm</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2006</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119026">
                <text>fieda</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119027">
                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>Pembangunan kebudayaan di Sabah : Kajian ke atas peranan Jabatan Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan Negeri Sabah”&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Penubuhan Kementerian Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan pada 27 Mac 2004 telah memberi satu dimensi baru dalam pembangunan kebudayaan di negara ini. Kementerian ini telah menggariskan satu hala tuju yang jelas iaitu ‘menyemarakkan’ semula semangat cintakan seni budaya di kalangan masyarakat dengan berlandaskan kepada Dasar Kebudayaan Kebangsaan.&#13;
	Pembangunan kebudayaan ini dilakukan bersama bahagian-bahagian, agensi dan jabatan-jabatan dibawahnya. Salah satu daripadanya ialah Jabatan Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan Sabah. Pembangunan Kebudayaan di  negeri Sabah boleh dilihat melalui peranan Jabatan Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan Sabah yang menganjurkan aktiviti-aktiviti yang dinamakan ‘aktiviti Semarak Seni Budaya’, melalui program pembangunan Bahasa dan Persuratan, Seni Persembahan, Kemahiran seni, penyelidikan dan pendokumentasian serta Nilai dan Norma Setempat. </text>
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                <text>Nursyahidah Asri</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>PL5065 2006 Nura</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="119033">
                <text>fieda</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Pemerolehan bahasa kanak-kanak di peringkat prasekolah : Kajian kes di Taska &amp; Tadika Murni Vista Angkasa</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian dilakukan untuk melihat tahap pemerolehan dan penguasaan bahasa di kalangan kanak-kanak yang berusia enam tahun. Pengkaji memilih sekolah Taska 7 Tadika Murni Vista Angkasa, Kuala Lumpur sebagai tempat kajian. Pengkaji hanya memilih empat orang sampel yang merupakan kanak-kanak Melayu yang mempunyai latar belakang yang sama. Iaitu dalam persekitaran bandar. Sampel telah memulakan persekolahan mereka di situ sejak berumur lima tahun lagi.&#13;
Oleh kerana sampel-sampel yang dipilih terdiri daripada kanak-kanak Melayu yang dibesarkan  dalam masyarakat Melayu dan menggunakan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pertama dalam sebarang bentuk perhubungan, maka analisis bagi melihat tahap pemerolehan dan penguasaan bahasa di kalangan mereka juga akan dilakukan berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang terkandung dalam bahasa Melayu yang meliputi aspek morfologi, fonologi, semantik, sintaksis dan pragmatik. Aspek yang dipilih oleh pengkaji dalam melakukan analisis terhadap 50 ujaran yang dibuat oleh sampel bagi melihat tahap pemerolehan dan penguasaan bahasa di kalangan kanak-kanak prasekolah adalah berdasarkan analisis keupayaan dan kekerapan pemerolehan bahasa sahaja.&#13;
Walaupun pemilihan aspek analisis keupayaan dan kekerapan pemerolehan bahasa mempunyai beberapa ciri yang remeh tetapi penting dalam menilai tahap pemerolehan dan penguasaan bahasa di kalangan kanak-kanak. Rakaman yang dibuat secara langsung menggunakan pita rakaman suara ke atas ujaran yang diujarkan secara spontan oleh kanak-kanak. Hanya 50 ujaran terbaik yang bermula dengan perkataan pertama yang diujarkan oleh sampel sahaja yang dipilih sebagai data. Analisis dilakukan terhadap data yang ditranskripsikan dengan menggunakan ukuran-ukuran tertentu, iaitu berdasarkan analisis keupayaan dan kekerapan pemerolehan bahasa serta mengikut kesesuaian dengan skop kajian.&#13;
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa proses pemerolehan dan penguasaan bahasa di kalangan kanak-kanak yang berusia enam tahun agak sempurna sepenuhnya. Walau bagaimanapun, keempat-empat sampel telah mengalami proses pemerolehan dan penguasaan bahasa yang amat menggalakkan. Hal ini demikian telah membuktikan peranan persekitaran sebenarnya penting dalam membantu mempercepatkan proses pemerolehan dan penguasaan bahasa di kalangan kanak-kanak. Sungguhpun begitu peranan kognitif juga tidak boleh dinafikan.&#13;
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                <text>Teori Rasa-fenomenologi penerapan terhadap novel The Missing Piece (Bahagian satu)&#13;
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Kajian ini meneliti kepada sebuah novel The Missing Piece (Bahagian satu) iaitu hasil kepengarangan kreatif Fatimah Busu dalam analisis terhadap Teori Rasa-fenomenologi. Pengkaji menggunakan model kajian sarjana tempatan yang dibawa oleh Sohaimi Abdul Aziz dalam menganalisis novel ini. Teori Rasa-fenomenologi&#13;
Ini telah memperkenalkan pelbagai sudut rasa untuk memberi kesan kepada pembaca. Terdapat tujuh rasa perasaan yang dibawa oleh modul Sohaimi Abdul Aziz iaitu rasa wira,dahsyat,berang, benci, duka,kagum, dan berahi. Kelima-lima rasa ini telah diadun oleh pengarang bagi menghidupkan jalan penceritaan novel tersebut agar lebih menarik. Teknik dan hubungan pengarang dengan dunia yang nyata ini secara tidak langsung menjadikan perjalanan penceritaan novel tersebut dapat menyentuh perasaan pembaca. Ini membuktikan teori kajian ini secara tidak langsung menjadi satu karya lebih kreatif dan imaginatif.&#13;
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                <text>Naratif ogonshoto : Satu analisis diksi dan gaya bahasa&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Naratif ogonshoto: Satu analisis diksi dan gaya bahasa adalah satu kajian dalam bidang stilistik yang akan melihat kemampuan bahasa berfungsi sebagai satu alat pertukangan yang dapat menghasilkan sebuah karya yang tinggi nilai estetiknya. Fokus kajian ini akan berpusat pada penggunaan serta pengekpoitasian bahasa dalam karya kreatif. Kajian ini akan dibahagikan kepada lima bahagian utama yang akan menghuraikan kajian-kajian yang pernah dilakukan di dalam bidang stilistik, dan juga analisis yang akan dijalankan terhadap korpus pilihan.&#13;
	Tujuan kajian, bidang kajian, bahan kajian dan kaedah kajian yang digunakan dalam menganalisis korpus pilihan akan diterangkan terlebih dahulu di dalam Bab 1. Bab ini juga akan membicarakan latar belakang pengarang dan juga latar belakang teks. Selain itu, konsep stilistik serta sejarah perkembangannya juga akan dibicarakan.&#13;
	Bab 2. Pula akan membicarakan tentang gaya bahasa dalam ilmu stilistik . Tumpuan bab ini akan dijuruskan pada aspek diksi atau pemilihan kata. Keberkesanan bahasa sebagai pengungkap makna dan perasaan penulis akan dilihat dari pelbagai sudut. Aspek pemilihan kata dan unsur-unsur pengulangan, pengguguran dan juga fungsi soalan retorik di dalam teks akan turut dibincangkan di dalam bab ini.&#13;
	Bab 3. Dan Bab 4. Pula akan melihat analisis yang telah dibuat ke atas korpus kajian; bab ketiga akan melihat unsur-unsur kepuisian yang telah diterapkan kedalam gaya penulisan pengarang, manakala bahagian keempat pula akan merangkumi aspek pemilihan kata dan gaya  bahasa penulis. Pembicaraan ke atas unsur-unsur kepuisian di dalam bab tiga akan berpusat kepada lima aspek, iaitu simili, metafora, personifikasi, hiperbola dan onomatopoeia. Di dalam bab empat pula analisis akan ditumpukan kepada aspek pemilihan kata, khususnya kata pinjaman dari bahasa asing, kata-kata daerah, dan kata-kata berunsur keagamaan, Selain itu penerapan unsur pengulangan, soalan retorik, serta pengguguran imbuhan di dalam teks kajian juga akan dibincangkan di dalam bab ini.&#13;
	Bab 5 pula akan merumuskan keseluruhan kajian. Bab ini akan membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan dapatan-dapatan daripada analisis yang dilakukan terhadap teks kajian. Kepentingan dan keberkesanan gaya bahasa, khususnya aspek pemilihan kata, akan dibicarakan dan disimpulkan.&#13;
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                <text>Metafora dalam buku teks : Analisis retorik paling luas&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Metafora adalah satu perbandingan di antara dua perkara yang berlainan sifat tetapi masih mempunyai persamaan dalam aspek-aspek tertentu secara tidak langsung. Metafora telah wujud sejak zaman Aristotle lagi dan telah melalui perubahan dari zaman klasik yang  bersifat sempit, kepada zaman moden, khususnya retorik gaya Trope dan dikonsepsikan dalam Retorik Paling Luas. Metafora kini dihubungkan dengan konsep Liya’ budu dan Liyubayyina, iaitu konsep bahasa untuk beribadah dan yang mudah difahami.&#13;
	20 teks pemahaman telah digunakan sebagai korpus kajian. Data teks dianalisis berdasarkan analisis umum, komponen jenis metafora tatabahasa dan domain metafora.&#13;
	Dalam bahagian pengenalan diberikan latar belakang kajian tentang metafora. Aspek-aspek kajian seperti bahan kajian, bidang kajian, tujuan kajian, kaedah kajian dan konsep penting dalam kajian turut disentuh dalam bab ini.&#13;
	Seterusnya dalam kerangka teoritis diutarakan konsep dan teori yang berkaitan dengan metafora, sebagaimana yang dikemukakan oleh ahli-ahli bahasa dan konsep Retorik Paling Luas (RPL).&#13;
	Analisis kajian dilakukan dengan meneliti aspek metafora. Data metafora dianalisis secara kuantitatif berdasarkan analisis data UT dan kata. Kemudian, dianalisis komponen jenis metafora dan domain metafora secara keseluruhan. Setelah itu, dapatan data dikaji mengikut teks sekolah rendah dan menengah. Perbincangan seterusnya ditumpukan  dengan membandingkan butiran analisis berdasarkan Teks Sekolah Rendah (TSR) dan Teks Sekolah Menengah (TSM). Akhir sekali, data kajian dilihat dari aspek RPL. Tafsiran tentang penemuan analisis metafora dilakukan sebelum dimuatkan kesimpulan pada bahagian akhir bab ini.&#13;
	Yang terakhir merupakan penutup, Disini dibincangkan rumusan analisis secara keseluruhan dan kajian selanjutnya dicadangkan.&#13;
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Latihan ilmiah ini mengandungi lima bab keseluruhannya dan berserta penutup. Pada dasarnya kajian ini adalah meneliti aspek yang berkaitan dengan bidang leksikografi, iaitu masalah penyenaraian entri dalam kamus kanak-kanak darjah empat hingga enam. Kajian ini juga meneliti aspek pemaknaan yang terdapat dalam kamus tersebut.&#13;
Bab satu kajian ini membincangkan sejarah perkamusan Melayu di Malaysia. Aspek yang diteliti juga ialah definisi kamus. Pengklasan kamus, sejarah jenis kamus dan ciri-ciri kamus kanak-kanak darjah empat hingga enam.&#13;
Bab dua kajian ini pula membincangkan mengenai latar belakang kajian. Bab ini juga menyentuh tentang kaedah, tujuan, skop dan konsep kajian yang dijalankan.&#13;
Bab tiga kajian ini ialah penelitian yang dibuat mengenai masalah persembahan entri dalam kamus kanak-kanak darjah empat hingga enam. Perbincangan dalam bab ini adalah mengenai entri yang maknanya bersifat kabur dan tahap kekaburannya dalam kamus kanak-kanak.&#13;
Bab empat dalam kajian ini adalah merupakan bahagian yang membincangkan tentang cadangan untuk mengatasi masalah penyenaraian entri dalam kamus kanak-kanak darjah empat hingga enam. Tumpuan diberikan kepada aspek makna iaitu dari segi makna umum, makna berputar belit dan makna kabur. Dalam bab ini juga pengkaji telah memberi cadangan tentang makna yang perlu dimasukkan dalam kamus kanak-kanak iaitu makna jelas agar senang difahami oleh kanak-kanak.&#13;
Bab lima ialah bab yang berkaitan dengan amalan yang perlu diterapkan dalam bidang leksikografi dan kegiatan penyusunan kamus oleh penyusun kamus. Bab ini juga membincangkan  perkara yang berkaitan dengan cabaran yang dihadapi oleh bidang perkamusan serta langkah untuk mengatasi masalah perkamusan Melayu di Malaysia.&#13;
Bahagian penutup ialah bahagian yang mengandungi rumusan atau kesimpulan yang berkaitan dengan bidang kajian iaitu bidang leksikografi, dengan memberi penumpuan terhadap kamus kanak-kanak darjah empat hingga enam.&#13;
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Kajian ini adalah kajian mengenai “Fonologi Bahasa Orang Asli Suku Kaum Duano di Rengit, Batu Pahat, Johor”. Kajian ini bersifat linguistik deskriptif dan linguistik bandingan. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada analisis fonologi bahasa Orang Asli Duano (BOAD). Kajian ini terbatas kepada sistem fonologi BOAD yang dilihat dari sudut vokal dan konsonan. Huraian mengenai bentuk-bentuk vokal dan konsonan ini berdasarkan kehadiran, kesejajaran dan penyebarannya dalam kata. Kajian ini juga meninjau aspek perubahan fonologi yang berlaku dalam BOAD. Kajian ini dijalankan melalui tiga metodologi iaitu pengumpulan data, pemilihan informan, dan huraian data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara lapangan  dan kepustakaan. Kaedah lapangan dijalankan melalui rakaman secara langsung dengan menggunakan pita rakaman dan kaset. Selain itu, teknik  pemerhatian langsung turut dilakukan. Kaedah kepustakaan dilakukan untuk mencari maklumat melalui bahan bercetak dan di internet. Informan pula dipilih berdasarkan umur, jantina dan latar belakang pendidikan. Seterusnya penganalisisan data dilakukan dengan dua kaedah, iaitu kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kaedah kualitatif digunakan untuk menghuraikan aspek vokal, konsonan, dan perubahan bunyi. Pendekatan kuantitatif pula diaplikasikan melalui kaedah leksikostatistik dan Glotokronologi untuk menentukan tingkat  kekeraban dan melihat lama-waktu atau usia perpisahan antara BOAD dan BMS.&#13;
&#13;
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Budaya adalah dinamik. Oleh itu, satu dasar telah digubal oleh kerajaan. Dalam kajian ini, pengkaji akan menerangkan mengenai peranan Dasar Kebudayaan Kebangsaan yang bertujuan untuk membentuk keperibadian kebangsaan melalui program yang mempunyai elemen penyatuan dan perpaduan. Justeru, kita perlu menekankan empat bidang budaya iaitu fikiran atau idea, kebendaan, bidang senibina, nilai dan norma serta kesenian. Kementerian kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan Malaysia bertanggungjawab dalam memastikan warisan dan budaya terpelihara dan dipulihara sepanjang zaman. Terdapat banyak agensi, jabatan dan institusi ditubuhkan bagi meningkatkan kualiti perkhidmatan. Selain itu, Jabatan Kebudayaan dan Kesenian dan Warisan Negeri Sembilan merupakan salah satu wadah untuk menyemarakkan seni dan budaya di kalangan pencinta seni dan masyarakat agar mereka mempunyai semangat cintakan negara.</text>
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