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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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                <text>Penggunaan e-buku dalam pembelajaran bahasa Melayu : Kajian kes pelajar Darjah Empat Madrasah, Singapura</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk melihat keberkesanan kaedah pembelajaran berbantukan perisian e-buku terhadap pencapaian akademik dalam kalangan darjah 4 bagi mata pelajaran bahasa Melayu di sebuah madrasah di Singapura. Kajian ini juga dijalankan untuk melihat sejauh mana kaedah pembelajaran berbantukan perisian e-buku ini dapat meningkatkan minat dan pencapaian pelajar dalam mempelajari bahasa ibunda mereka. Seramai 62 orang pelajar dari dua buah kelas darjah empat akan dilibatkan dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan reka bentuk kuasi. Sampel kajian akan dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan, kumpulan pertama ialah kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan kedua ialah kumpulan eksperimen. Kumpulan  kawalan terdiri daripada 30 pelajar dan kumpulan eksperimen terdiri 32 pelajar yang menggunakan kaedah pembelajaran bahasa Melayu berbantukan perisian e-buku. Satu set borang soal selidik disediakan untuk para pelajar yang berada dalam kumpulan eksperimen, satu set borang soal selidik untuk yang terlibat dalam ujikaji ini dan juga kertas latihan diberikan kepada para pelajar pada akhir penggunaan perisian e-buku bagi menguji keberkesanan kefahaman mereka terhadap isi kandungan perisian e-buku.</text>
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                <text>Nur Atiqah Mohammad Haizan</text>
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                <text>PL5065 2013 Nuramh</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2013</text>
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                <text>fieda</text>
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        <name>Bahasa Melayu</name>
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                <text>Cabaran yang dihadapi pendidikan seni visual dengan kemunculan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi (ICT) di Malaysia</text>
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                <text>Challenges faced by visual art education with the existence of information and communication                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     </text>
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                <text>Kajian ini adalah tentang integrasi antara Teknologi Maklumat dan Komunikasi (ICT) dengan Pendidikan Seni Visual (PSV) yang dianggap sebagai gabungan unik dan mencabar, di mana ICT seharusnya melengkapi PSV untuk memajukan industri kreatif tanpa mengorbankan nilai estetika seni tradisional.</text>
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                <text>Sharulnizam Ramli</text>
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                <text>Sabzali Musa Khan</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Jurnal Pengajian Melayu.26. 2015.p. 81-94.&#13;
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            <name>Date</name>
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                  <text>Indeks   Jurnal Pengajian Melayu</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah muda dari perspektif pendekatan pengurusan</text>
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                <text>Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda from the perspective of the management approach</text>
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                <text>Kajian ini menganalisi unsur pengurusan yang terdapat dalam cerita lipur lara, iaitu Hikayat Awang Sulung Merah Muda.</text>
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                <text>Mohamad Zuber Ismail</text>
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                <text>Sara Beden</text>
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                <text>Mohamad Mokhtar Abu Hassan</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Pengajian Melayu.26.2015.p. 95-116.</text>
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        <name>sastera Melayu</name>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Komponen kesedaran peribadi dalam novel remaja terpilih</text>
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                <text>Personal awareness components of selected youth novel</text>
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                <text>Kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti pengaruh kecerdasan emosi dalam komponen kesedaran peribadi terhadap pembentukan sahsiah remaja dalam novel-novel remaja terpilih.</text>
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                <text>Wan Norlidza Wan Mohd Zain</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Pengajian Melayu.26.2015.p. 117-140.&#13;
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                <text>Dari pasar ikan menjadi Pasar Seni</text>
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                <text>Di Pasar Seni ini gabungan sosial dan kebudayaan, perniagaan dan rekreasi sama-sama memainkan peranan penting.</text>
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                <text>Pyanhabib</text>
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                <text>Mastika 46.6 (Jun) 1986. pp.50-51</text>
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Pertuturan yang dalam sesuatu bahasa lazimnya dianggap sebagai satu kejayaan dalam berkomunikasi. Namun begitu, pelajar-pelajar asing yang mengambil bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa Ibunda (pelajar bahasa kedua) menghadapi masalah berkomunikasi dengan lancar dan spontan. Kejayaan pelajar-pelajar ini dalam komunikasi ditandai oleh beberapa cara dan tindakan yang tersendiri. Dalam kajian ini, cara dan tindakan tersebut dinamakan sebagai strategi-strategi dalam berkomunikasi.&#13;
	Hubungan strategi komunikasi dalam kajian ini adalah meneliti masalah pertuturan pelajar bahasa kedua dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa Melayu pada peringkat sekolah Menengah. Sehubungan itu, mutu dalam pertuturan dalam kalangan pelajar bahasa Melayu didapati mengalami kemerosotan yang perlu ditangani. Kajian ini justeru meneliti penggunaan strategi komunikasi yang digunakan oleh pelajar-pelajar bahasa kedua dan mengenal pasti jenis-jenis serta kekerapan strategi komunikasi digunakan.&#13;
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                <text>Nur Nadirah Razali</text>
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                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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                <text>Pembudayaan tulisan Jawi di Kelantan : Sejarah dan prospektif</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Tulisan Jawi merupakan warisan bangsa yang tidak ternilai harganya. Malah, tulisan Jawi merupakan nadi yang menggerakkan Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ilmu dan meletakkannya setaraf  dengan bahasa-bahasa asing di dunia ini pada suatu ketika dahulu. Dalam era globalisasi kini, didapati sistem tulisan Jawi semakin terhakis dan dipinggirkan oleh generasi muda hari ini. Tulisan Jawi seolah-olah dipinggirkan oleh masyarakat. Penguasaan membaca dan menulis Jawi  oleh generasi hari ini semakin hari semakin kurang memuaskan. Walaupun begitu, kelihatan sebuah negeri di Pantai Timur Malaysia, iaitu Kelantan masih tegar menggunakan tulisan Jawi dalam pelbagai aspek, misalnya di papan tanda iklan, nama kedai, nama jalan, dan sebagainya sebagai usaha pelestariannya. Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengkaji pembudayaan tulisan Jawi di negeri Kelantan, di samping melihat pengaruhnya terhadap penerapan nilai-nilai Islam di sana. Pengkaji menjadikan Negeri Kelantan sebagai pilihan kawasan kajian disebabkan pembudayaan ini sangat unik dan banyak digunakan di sana, kebanyakkannya tidak terdapat di negeri-negeri lain di Malaysia. Sejarah negeri Kelantan itu sendiri kaya dengan pelbagai cerita menarik dan begitu dekat dengan nilai keislaman. Tidak hairanlah jika roh Islam begitu kuat tersebar di Negeri Serambi Makkah ini. Tulisan Jawi sememangnya sudah mengalami banyak perkembangan dan masih mencari cara yang lebih mudah untuk ditulis dan diamalkan. Ia pastinya memberi sumbangan dalam pelbagai bidang ilmu, antaranya bidang pentadbiran, keagamaan,kesenian, dan kebudayaan. Justeru, kajian ini akhirnya mendapati bahawa pembudayaan tulisan Jawi di Negeri Kelantan banyak mempengaruhi corak kehidupan masyarakat mereka sendiri. Secara langsung atau tidak langsung, tulisan Jawi menjadi penyalur kepada penerapan nilai Islam dalam masyarakat di samping mengambil kira penerimaan masyarakat bukan Islam. Pembudayaan tulisan Jawi harus lebih diperluas ke seluruh pelosok dunia agar ia terus terpelihara akan keizinannya untuk diwarisi oleh generasi akan datang.</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Kajian ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tahap pemahaman bahasa Melayu melalui analisis kesalahan dalam kalangan murid-murid tahun enam. Berdasarkan kepada kajian yang telah dilakukan, pengkaji telah membahagikan tiga bahagian skop analisis kajian iaitu dari aspek kesalahan morfologi, kesalahan sintaksis, dan kesalahan mekanikal. Berdasarkan pembahagian tersebut, kesalahan mekanikal mencatatkan jumlah kesalahan tinggi iaitu 46.8% (95 daripada 203). Kemudian diikuti dengan kesalahan sintaksis iaitu sebanyak 27.1% (55 daripada 203). Kesalahan morfologi mencatatkan jumlah kesalahan terendah iaitu sebanyak 26.1% (53 daripada 203). Melalui peratusan yang ditunjukkan,tahap pemahaman bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid-murid tahun enam di SK Chuchoh Puteri adalah pada tahap kurang memuaskan. Oleh itu, pelbagai langkah perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah ini agar tahap pemahaman bahasa dalam kalangan murid-murid dapat dipertingkatkan</text>
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Kajian ini bertujuan meninjau penggunaan penceritaan digital melalui perisian Photo Story 3 for Windows dalam proses penguasaan kemahiran bertutur, dalam kalangan pelajar menengah dua Normal Teknikal di Sekolah Menengah Jurong, Singapura. Melalui kajian ini, pengkaji telah menganalisis pencapaian subjek kajian dalam kemahiran bertutur sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan kaedah penceritaan digital serta minat mereka terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan kaedah penceritaan digital. Dapatan kajian telah berjaya membuktikan bahawa penceritaan digital merupakan kaedah yang berkesan dalam proses penguasaan kemahiran bertutur. Subjek kajian berjaya menunjukkan peningkatan pencapaian yang signifikan dalam ujian lisan setelah menggunakan kaedah penceritaan digital itu. Selain daripada itu, subjek kajian lebih berminat terhadap pengajaran dan pembelajaran selepas menggunakan kaedah penceritaan digital. Sebahagian besar daripada mereka juga ingin meluaskan pengalaman mereka menggunakan kaedah penceritaan digital untuk mengasah kemahiran bahasa yang lain seperti mendengar, menulis dan membaca. Diharapkan agar keberkesanan kajian ini akan menggalakkan guru-guru untuk mencuba kaedah penceritaan digital dalam pengajaran mereka.</text>
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Kepentingan bahasa ibunda sebagai maruah bangsa beserta nilai luhur yang terkandung di dalamnya perlu dipertahankan dan  dikuasai oleh para penutur jati. Lantas hal ini perlu dititikberatkan sejak di peringkat sekolah rendah lagi agar pemulihan dan pemuliharaan bahasa itu dapat dicapai sebelum mereka menjejak dewasa. Setiap individu dalam masyarakat tidak kira ibu bapa, para guru dan masyarakat secara umum memainkan peranan dalam memastikan penguasaan bahasa Melayu yang lebih baik dalam kalangan generasi muda kita.&#13;
	Dalam hal ini guru bahasa Melayu merupakan pusat kawalan utama yang memainkan penting dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran agar minat untuk mempelajari bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan pelajar akan berterusan sepanjang hayat. Pra guru perlu melakarkan dan mewujudkan suatu suasana pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang selaras dengan cita rasa generasi para pelajar dekad ini. Pendekatan serta kaedah yang dipilih mampu menyalurkan dan meningkatkan maklumat kepada para pelajar. Para guru harus sentiasa proaktif, berfikiran kritis dan kreatif untuk membantu pelajar menguasai kemahiran berbahasa.&#13;
	Dalam kajian ini, pengkaji akan menganalisis keberkesanan pembelajaran menggunakan komik melalui perisian Bistrips dan Model Pembelajaran Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE) dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran serta penguasaan peribahasa dalam kalangan para pelajar yang telah dipilih sebagai subjek kajian. Selain itu, pengkaji juga ingin mendapatkan kepastian sama ada instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini mampu menarik minat pelajar dalam menguasai peribahasa.&#13;
	Kajian ini akan dijalankan ke atas pelajar-pelajar darjah 3 di Sekolah Rendah Temasek di Singapura. Seramai 26 orang pelajar terdiri daripada pelbagai tahap kemahiran telah dipilih sebagai subjek kajian ini.&#13;
	Pengkaji telah menggunakan komik sebagai wadah utama untuk mengajar peribahasa dan telah bertunjangkan Teori Konstruktivisme melalui Model Pembelajaran CLE untuk menjalankan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran tersebut. Sehubungan itu, pengkaji juga akan melakarkan kertas ujian untuk menganalisis keberkesanan kedua-dua pendekatan ini. Selain itu, pengkaji akan menjalankan soal selidik berstruktur dan kaedah temu bual yang tidak berstruktur terhadap para pelajar dan para guru yang  terlibat untuk mendapatkan kesahihan sama ada penggunaan komik sebagai wadah utama untuk mengajar peribahasa dan pembelajaran melalui Model Pembelajaran CLE berjaya atau tidak menarik minat pelajar dalam mempelajari dan menguasai peribahasa.</text>
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Kajian ini adalah mengenai pantang larang merupakan salah satu adat Melayu yang selalu digunakan oleh masyarakat zaman dahulu sebagai sistem kawalan sosial dan perhubungan di antara masyarakat. Ia digunakan untuk mendidik dan menasihati anak-anak serta cucu-cicit mereka dalam urusan sehari-hari supaya tidak membuat kesalahan terutama yang boleh membawa padah kepada mereka. Di dalam kajian ini juga telah menyatakan beberapa faktor yang telah menyebabkan terhakis sedikit demi sedikit budaya Melayu yang sangat kaya yang menunjukkan identiti Melayu itu sendiri. Ia dapat dilihat dari masa kedatangan British ke Brunei dengan membawa pelbagai bentuk sistem perekonomian yang telah mengubah segala bentuk struktur pentadbiran Melayu yang telah lama diwarisi sejak zaman dahulu lagi.</text>
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                <text>Azizul Masshadi Abdullah</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>PL5065 2014 Azima</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
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                <text>fieda</text>
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                <text>niam</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
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                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
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                <text>Candu anak Dai</text>
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                <text>PL5065 2014 Cand</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121912">
                <text>2014</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>fieda</text>
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                <text>niam</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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        <name>Kesenian Melayu</name>
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                  <text>Abstrak  Latihan ilmiah  Akademi Pengajian Melayu</text>
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              <name>Contributor</name>
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                  <text>Haslan Tamjehi</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Penggolongan kata dalam penulisan naratif sekolah rendah &amp; menengah di Singapura</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
Hasil penulisan naratif merupakan satu latihan kemahiran bertulis di peringkat sekolah rendah dan  sekolah menengah. Pembaharuan dalam sistem pendidikan sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah tidak lagi memberatkan kemahiran penulisan bahasa kedua. Disebabkan ini, terdapat perbezaan pendekatan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran penulisan naratif. Penulisan naratif masih kekal relevan kerana latihan penulisan ini mengukuhkan asas kemahiran bahasa terutama sekali penggolongan kata. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis penggolongan kata terdapat dalam penulisan naratif sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah. Kajian akan tertumpu kepada aspek penggunaan kata nama, kata kerja, kata adjektif dan kata tugas yang dominan dalam penulisan naratif bagi kedua-dua peringkat pendidikan. Sebanyak 10 sampel penulisan naratif sekolah rendah dan 10 sampel penulisan naratif sekolah menengah akan dianalisis dengan bertunjangkan Teori Transformasi Generatif Noam Chomsky (1957) dan rumus-rumus tatabahasa dalam Tatabahasa Dewan Edisi Ketiga oleh Nik Safiah et.al (1998). Model ini mengemukakan aspek morfologi dan penggolongan kata. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penggunaan penggolongan kata dalam penulisan naratif di peringkat sekolah rendah dan sekolah menengah. Kajian juga menunjukkan kepentingan kemahiran penguasaan penggolongan kata untuk menghasilkan penulisan naratif yang baik. Pengkaji juga berharap agar pihak kementerian, guru-guru dan pencinta bahasa menyedari kepentingan penggunaan penggolongan kata dalam penulisan naratif. Kajian  ini diharapkan dapat menambah kepada tentang hasil penulisan naratif.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121917">
                <text>Fariz Husna Sajani</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>PL5065 2014 Farhs</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>fieda</text>
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                <text>niam</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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        <name>Bahasa Melayu</name>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Indeks  keratan Akhbar Pengajian Melayu&#13;
&#13;
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Imsak bukan bidaah: Profesor</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Meor Hisham Zulkifli</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Berita Harian : 09.12.1999&#13;
Keratan akhbar Islam &#13;
BP161 Ker 1999&#13;
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>mjar</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Indeks  keratan Akhbar Pengajian Melayu&#13;
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    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Wanita Islam boleh jadi sukarelawati</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Azrina Ahzan</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Berita Harian : 09.12.1999&#13;
Keratan akhbar Islam &#13;
BP161 Ker 1999&#13;
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1999</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121932">
                <text>mjar</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Newspaper</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Indeks  keratan Akhbar Pengajian Melayu&#13;
&#13;
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      <name>Text</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Imsak: Darul Quran pertahan kenyataan</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Nasir Hassan</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Berita Harian : 10.12.1999&#13;
Keratan akhbar Islam &#13;
BP161 Ker 1999&#13;
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="121938">
                <text>mjar</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Newspaper</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Indeks  keratan Akhbar Pengajian Melayu&#13;
&#13;
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              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="18">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Ibadah puasa beri dua kesan terbesar</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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Kajian ini adalah satu usaha untuk meneliti retorik dari aspek isocolon ataupun dikenali sebagai struktur paralel dalam frasa, klausa ataupun ayat dalam teks-teks ucapan politik. Kajian ini akan menggunakan tiga teks daripada parti politik UMNO. Tujuan utama kajian ini ialah mengenal pasti bentuk-bentuk  isocolon  dan seterusnya menganalisis secara sistematik dari segi alternatif dan kuantitatif.&#13;
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Kajian ini menumpukan fokus kepada pengurusan perniagaan peniaga-peniaga Melayu Pasar Tani Mega di Seksyen 17, Petaling Jaya.  Pasar Tani ini yang sudah hampir 30 tahun ditubuhkan semakin berkembang maju. Sejak bermula dengan Pasar Tani biasa, kini sebanyak 5 jenis Pasar Tani telah ditubuhkan. Penubuhan Pasar Tani yang baru adalah untuk membantu peniaga-peniaga pasar tani yang majoritinya adalah peniaga-peniaga Melayu sehingga kini. Oleh yang demikian, tidak hairan perniagaan Pasar Tani dicopkan sebagai perniagaan orang Melayu. FAMA merupakan sebuah badan berkanun yang ditubuhkan untuk mengurus tadbir pemasaran yang berkaitan dengan pertanian dan industri asa tani. FAMA turut membantu peniaga-peniaga Melayu Pasar Tani dalam aspek pemasaran, termasuklah pengurusan perniagaan. Melalui kemudahan dan kursus yang dianjurkan   oleh FAMA, peniaga-peniaga Melayu dapat berlatih dan mengaplikasikan pengetahuan yang diperolehi ke dalam perniagaan masing-masing. Ini meliputi aspek pengurusan perniagaan seperti pengurusan kewangan, produk, dan sumber tenaga kerja. FAMA turut melancarkan program Jimat Belanja Dapur. Rata-rata perniaga-perniaga Melayu Pasar Tani Mega di Seksyen 17, Petaling Jaya terlibat dalam program anjuran FAMA. Program Jimat Belanja Dapur dilihat memberikan kesan positif ke atas perniagaan Pasar Tani.</text>
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Jaringan perniagaan merupakan yang penting bagi memastikan sesebuah perniagaan itu mampu untuk bertahan dan bersaing dengan perniagaan lain di samping membantu untuk mengukuhkan lagi perniagaan tersebut. Di dalam jaringan perniagaan, terdapat beberapa aspek yang dikaji untuk melihat bagaimana seseorang peniaga itu menjalankan keseluruhan operasi jaringan perniagaan seharian yang bentuk jaringan, rakan jaringan dan masalah jaringan . Perkara-perkara ini seterusnya dinilai bagi melihat tahap kecekapan peniaga dalam mengurus jaringan perniagaan kerana perkara inilah antara elemen yang menentukan jatuh bangunnya sesebuah perniagaan itu dan menjamin kelangsungan dan keberadaan perniagaan itu di pasaran. Oleh hal yang demikian, peniaga-peniaga perlu mengurus jaringan perniagaan dengan sistematik supaya perniagaan mereka berjalan dengan lancar.</text>
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Kajian ini secara amnya bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis aspek kesantunan perlakuan novel seperti yang terdapat dalam novel Restu karya Ismail Kassan (1996). Bab 1 sebagai pendahuluan memberi tumpuan kepada beberapa komponen penting sesuatu kajian seperti objektif dan permasalahan kajian. Dalam bab 2 iaitu Sorotan  Literatur, pengkaji telah membuat rujukan  hasil kajian para pengkaji terdahulu yang berkaitan  dengan tajuk dan bidang penyelidikan.&#13;
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Dalam kerjaya seorang guru, penelitian terhadap aspek kesantunan berbahasa amat dititikberatkan demi mewajahkan keprofesionalannya dalam bidang pendidikan. Sehubungan itu, kesantunan berbahasa dalam komunikasi secara tulisan antara guru dengan pelbagai pihak yang berkepentingan dalam pendidikan seringkali dipandang enteng, lantas boleh menimbulkan pelbagai konflik dan masalah di sekolah. Oleh sedemikian, guru harus menggalas tanggungjawab yang berat dalam menerapkan kesantunan berbahasa semasa berkomunikasi. Justeru, bertunjangkan konsep teori kesantunan Asmah Hj. Omar, kajian kepustakaan dan lapangan secara kualitatif deskriptif ini merungkai unsur-unsur kesantunan asas berkendala yang seharusnya menjadi garis pandu setiap guru. Dalam hal ini, dokumen-dokumen yang menjadi wahana komunikasi secara tulisan seperti bahan pengajaran, skrip karangan pelajar, kertas peperiksaan, rubrik penilaian, surat, e-mel, Whatsapp digunakan sebagai paksi penganalisisan kajian ini.</text>
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                <text>PL5065 2014 Hafss</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>2014</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>fieda</text>
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                <text>niam</text>
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Academic exercise</text>
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        <name>Bahasa Melayu</name>
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