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                <text>Perjuangan sebelum dan sesudah merdeka</text>
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                <text>Judicial Independence -- Malaya</text>
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                <text>Artikel ini membincangkan perkembangan politik di Tanah Melayu sebelum dan selepas tahun&#13;
1957, dengan penekanan kepada proses menuju kemerdekaan serta cabaran awal dalam&#13;
membina sebuah negara bangsa. Penulis menghuraikan peranan gerakan nasionalis Melayu,&#13;
termasuk pertubuhan politik dan tokoh utama yang memperjuangkan hak dan identiti bangsa&#13;
dalam menghadapi penjajahan British.</text>
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                <text>Khoo Kay Kim</text>
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                <text>Cooray, F. (1957). Perjuangan sebelum dan sesudah merdeka. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,1-15. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/507/1/1.pdf</text>
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                <text>1957</text>
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                <text>Irdina</text>
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        <name>Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu</name>
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                <text>Merdeka! Looking Back at Independence Day in Malaya</text>
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                <text>Judicial Independence -- Malaya</text>
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                <text>Artikel ini meneliti detik bersejarah pengisytiharan kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu pada 31 Ogos&#13;
1957, khususnya upacara pemindahan kuasa daripada pihak British kepada kepimpinan&#13;
tempatan. Penulis mengupas bagaimana simbol, ritual, dan naratif politik digunakan bagi&#13;
membentuk imej negara merdeka yang bersatu padu.</text>
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                <text>A.J. Stockwell</text>
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                <text>Stockwell, A. J. (2008). Merdeka! Looking back at Independence Day in Malaya, 31 August 1957. Indonesia and the Malay World, 36(106),327–344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13639810802450308</text>
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                <text>Malaya’s First Year of Independence</text>
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                <text>Judicial Independence -- Malaya</text>
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                <text>Artikel ini menilai tahun pertama selepas kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu pada 31 Ogos 1957.&#13;
Penulis membincangkan cabaran utama kerajaan baharu, termasuk kestabilan politik,&#13;
perpaduan kaum, keselamatan daripada ancaman komunis, serta pembangunan ekonomi.</text>
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                <text>J. Norman Parmer</text>
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                <text>Parmer, J. N. (1958). Malaya’s first year of independence. Far Eastern Survey, 27(8), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.2307/3024449</text>
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                <text>Usaha ke arah Kemerdekaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Kertas ini menghuraikan usaha politik yang dijalankan oleh Tunku Abdul Rahman dan blok&#13;
konservatif Melayu dalam mencapai kemerdekaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu pada tahun&#13;
1957. Perbincangan menekankan strategi rundingan dengan pihak British, pembentukan&#13;
kerjasama politik antara kaum, serta pengukuhan kedudukan UMNO sebagai peneraju&#13;
gerakan nasionalis arus perdana.</text>
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                <text>Mohd Samsudin</text>
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                <text>Mohd Samsudin. (2007). Usaha ke arah Kemerdekaan Persekutuan&#13;
Tanah Melayu. Kertas pembentangan, Arkib Negara Malaysia.&#13;
&#13;
https://pustakailmu.arkib.gov.my/images/pustaka-ilmu/kertas-&#13;
pembentangan-seminar/majlis-polemik-sejarah-ke46/3-Usaha%20Ke%20arah%20Kemerdekaan%20Persekutuan%20&#13;
Tanah%20Melayu%20%20Prof.%20Madya%20Dr.%20Mohd%20&#13;
bin%20Samsudin%20latest.pdf</text>
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                <text>2007</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="147057">
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                <text>Prelude to Merdeka: Public administration in Malaya</text>
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                <text>Artikel "Prelude to Merdeka: Public Administration in Malaya, 1945–57" membincangkan&#13;
perkembangan sistem pentadbiran pusat Tanah Melayu antara tahun 1945 hingga menjelang&#13;
kemerdekaan 1957. Struktur kerajaan persekutuan mula disusun semula melibatkan&#13;
penstrukturan semula birokrasi kolonial, penambahbaikan prosedur pentadbiran, dan&#13;
pembentukan dasar awam yang mampu menyokong sebuah negara yang akan merdeka.</text>
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                <text>J. M. Gullick</text>
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                <text>Gullick, J. M. (1997). Prelude to Merdeka: Public administration in Malaya, 1945–57. South East Asia Research, 5(2), 155–173.https://doi.org/10.1177/0967828X9700500203</text>
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                <text>1997</text>
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                <text>Lord Reid and the framing of the Malayan federal constitution</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Artikel ini membincangkan peranan Lord William Reid dan Suruhanjaya Reid dalam merangka&#13;
Perlembagaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu menjelang kemerdekaan pada tahun 1957.&#13;
Penulis meneliti konteks politik dan perundingan antara pemimpin tempatan, wakil British,&#13;
serta komuniti berbilang kaum yang terlibat.</text>
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                <text>J. M. Fernando</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="147071">
                <text>Fernando, J. M. (2019). Lord Reid and the framing of the Malayan federal constitution. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 50(1), 50–73.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463418000560</text>
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                <text>2019</text>
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                <text>Artikel ini membincangkan penubuhan Malaysia pada 16 September 1963 sebagai satu&#13;
peristiwa penting dalam sejarah politik Asia Tenggara. Mohd Noor Yazid menghuraikan faktor&#13;
dalaman dan luaran yang mendorong pembentukan Malaysia, termasuk ancaman komunis,&#13;
keperluan keselamatan serantau, serta kepentingan ekonomi dan politik.</text>
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                <text>Mingguan Malaysia, “Fahami Penubuhan Malaysia,” Rimbun:Pangkalan Data Pengajian Melayu, accessed September 3, 2025,https://rimbunan.nusa.my/rimbun/admin/items/show/740.</text>
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                <text>Pada era pra-kemerdekaan memfokuskan pada perjuangan politik orang Melayu menentang&#13;
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                <text>Ghafani Awang Teh. (n.d.). Kemerdekaan nikmat termulia Allah kepada hamba-Nya. Mingguan Malaysia. Rimbun: Pangkalan Data Pengajian Melayu. https://rimbunan.nusa.my/rimbun/admin/items/show/10148</text>
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                <text>Artikel ini melaporkan suasana penuh emosi selepas detik kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu pada&#13;
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                <text>Artikel ini melaporkan suasana menjelang dan tepat pada detik kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu,&#13;
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penjajahan.</text>
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                <text>Berita Harian. (1957, Ogos 31). Tepat pada tengah malam seluroh raayat bertempek “Malaya sudah merdeka”!. Berita Harian. https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/issue/beritaharian&#13;
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                <text>Artikel retrospektif ini mengenang kembali penerbitan edisi khas Sunday Mail dan The Straits&#13;
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                <text>Bernama. (2024, August 27). Newspapers ‘The Sunday Mail’, ‘The Straits Times’ recalled Merdeka spirit. Bernama. https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=2459976</text>
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melalui kekerasan, tetapi hasil daripada diplomasi halus—proses rundingan harmoni antara&#13;
pemimpin tempatan dan penjajah British.</text>
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                <text>Muhammad Faisal Abdul Aziz. (2025, September 1). ‘Diplomasi halus’ kekuatan negara atasi konflik dalaman dan global. Berita Harian. NSTP. https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/komentar/2025/09/1440789/diplomasi-halus-kekuatan-negara-atasi-konflik-dalaman-dan-global</text>
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kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu daripada penjajahan British.</text>
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                <text>Arkib Negara Malaysia. Pengisytiharan Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu. Arkib Negara Malaysia. https://pustakailmu.arkib.gov.my/index.php/ms/pustaka-ilmu/jendela-sejarah/pengisytiharankemerdekaan-tanah-melayu</text>
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                <text>Arkib Negara Malaysia. Penetapan Tarikh Merdeka pada 31&#13;
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&#13;
Kajian ini merupakan kajian yang berbentuk analisis perbandingan imej. Tumpuan analisis perbandingan adalah kepada imej-imej watak Melayu dalam cerpen Malaysia dan Thailand (1970-1985). Cerpen dipilih sebagai bahan kajian, bertolak daripada tanggapan bahawa cerpen merupakan dokumen sosio-budaya sesebuah masyarakat. Kajian tertumpu kepada penganalisisan imej Melayu, iaitu imej pemimpin, imej wanita, imej kaum marhaen dan imej manusia kerdil. Didapati bahawa imej-imej watak Melayu dalam kedua-dua aliran cerpen Malaysia dan Thailand membawa ciri-ciri sosiologikal dan politikal yang ketara. Watak dan perwatakan mereka dibentuk oleh keadaan dan pergolakan setempat. Justeru, maka dapat ditemui ciri-ciri kelainan di samping juga ciri-ciri persamaan. Bagi mendapat gambaran yang lebih jelas tentang imej masyarakat Melayu di kedua-dua buah negara, kajian ini ipecahkan kepada enam bab. Bab 1 merupakan huraian tentang latar belakang perkembangan cerpen Malaysia dan Thailand. Huraian ini sekadar untuk melihat perkembangan genre cerpen di Malaysia dan Thailand supaya lebih jelas tentang kedudukan genre cerpen sebagai salah satu cabang dalam kesusasteraan moden di kedua-dua buah negara. Sekali gus untuk lebih memahami tentang susur galur perkembangan cerpen Malaysia dan Thailand sejak dari awal sampai penghujung abad ke-20. Bab 2 menganalisis imej pemimpin untuk melihat persamaan atau kelainan di kalangan golongan ini. Pemimpin dalam kajian ini terbahagi kepada dua kategori, iaitu pemimpin tradisi dan pemimpin moden. Bab 3 memusatkan pembicaraan pada imej wanita. Imej wanita begitu penting untuk diperkatakan. Ini memandangkan kehadiran kaum wanita dalam proses pembangunan negara baik di Malaysia mahupun di Thailand cukup penting Bab 4 memperkatakan tentang imej kaum marhaen di kedua-dua buah negara. Kaum marhaen merupakan jumlah penduduk terbesar di Malaysia dan Thailand. Imej mereka boleh mewakili keseluruhan imej penduduk di negara masing-masing. Penganalisisan dibuat untuk melihat jenis-jenis permasalahan hidup yang dialami oleh bangsa ini. Bab S5 memusatkan pembicaraan pada imej manusia kerdil. Manusia kerdil di sini bermaksud golongan manusia yang kurang berkeupayaan baik dari segi fizikal, mental dan material. Oleh itu, gambaran yang dilihat pada imej-imej manusia kerdil adalah golongan manusia yang tertindas, miskin dan menjadi mangsa kepada keadaan serta waktu. Manakala bab terakhir, iaitu bab 6 merupakan kesimpulan keseluruhan kajian. Dalam bab ini dibincangkan hasil yang didapati daripada analisis-analisis yang telah dilakukan. Hasil kajian ini dapat ditemui bahawa meskipun mereka asalnya daripada satu rumpun namun disebabkan mereka dipisahkan oleh sempadan geopolitik dua buah negara yang mempunyai sistem pemerintahan dan persekitaran yang berbeza mka secara langsung pembentukan peribadi dan perwatakan juga turut berbeza. Paling ketara 1alah tentang ketidaksamaan dari segi mentaliti, gerak-laku dan tindakan mereka dalam usaha memastikan kelangsungan hidup. Ini adalah disebabkan corak pemerintahan di kedua-dua buah negara berbeza. Walau bagaimanapun dalam keadaan tertentu, dua rumpun masyarakat Melayu ini masih juga menampakkan ciri-ciri kesamaan terutamanya dari segi pengekalan jati diri Melayu dan amalan-amalan tradisi yang dikenal pasti sebagai budaya Melayu. </text>
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                <text>Zaharah Nawawi--Criticism and interpretation&#13;
Taste in literature&#13;
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
&#13;
Secara umumnya penulisan ini ditbahagikan kepada 6 bab. Bab pertama merupakan bahagian pendahuluan. Dalam bahagian ini, pengkaji menyentuh tentang latar belakang kajjan yang merangkumi permasalahan, tujuan, bahan, batasan kajian, kajian terdahulu dan metodologi kajian. Bab 2 pla menyentuh tentang konsep dan kerangka teori. Di antara konsep yang ditekankan ialah konsep keindahan atau estetika, rasa, dan fenomenologi. Turut ditekan pegangan kajian ini, iaitu berdasarkan Teori Rasa-Fenomenologi yang dikemukakan oleh Sohaimi Abdul Azizi. Bab 3 menyentuh tentang latar belakang Zaharah Nawawi, iaitu pengarang novel Sebelum Berhujungnya Musim Bunga, Selamat Datang Adzie Farahah dan Panglina Salleh Selempang Merah, gaya penulisan dan pemikiran Zaharah Nawawi dan kedudukan dan sumbangan dalam dunia kesusasteraan Melayu. Bab 4 pula memfokuskan analisis dengan menerapkan Teori Fenomenologi dengan penumpuan kepada rasa kagum dan rasa berahi. Rasa Bab 5 pula analisis novel-novel Zaharah Nawawi iaitu dengan mengaplikasikan Teori Rasa-Fenomenologi dengan penumpuan kepada rasa duka, rasa berang dan rasa benci. Bab 6 merupakan bab akhir yang memuatkan dapatan analisis-analisis yang telah dilakukan. </text>
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                <text>Suhairah Ismail</text>
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                <text>PL5065 UM 2003 SUHI</text>
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                <text>mki</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="147240">
                <text>Universiti Malaya</text>
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                  <text>Abstrak Disertasi Sarjana  Perpustakaan Pengajian Melayu</text>
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                <text>The expression of the interior decoration in the traditional mosques in Malacca : a critical review in relation to islamic arts</text>
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                <text>Traditional Mosques&#13;
Melaka </text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
&#13;
This study is to assess whether the application of decoration in the traditional mosques are truly successful in emanati1ng ther true roles as perceived in Islam and whether the hidden function and their true roles are truly achieved. The overall view of ISLAM, Islamic Arts in relation to decoration, the importance of mosque as a place of worship to Allah, and as an important building in the Muslim world are discussed. The concept of Tawhid' as the doctrine in Islam; and the way Islam perceives Beauty in its decorative arts as a mean of contemplation and Remembering Allah are elaborated. In order to understand these hidden functions and messages, the overall approach, roles, functions and typologies of decoration are explained. The uniqueness of Islamic Arts characteristics, roles, meanings and principles are governed universally by the Islamic doctrine - Tawhid which expressed Oneness and Unity towards Contemplation to the One God Allah. By looking at these aspects, one can truly assess whether the current usage of decorative motifs in mosque is in full success or not. A cross-reference of these usages is established with the true roles and functions of these decoration motifs as decoration in relation to Islamic Art as a whole. Successful applications of the interior decorative motifs can then be established and recommended for future applications. IL is the intention of the study to be as an impetus for other broader and more critical analyses which can be made by others to fully comprehend the underlying concepts of the decorative motifs in the mosque interiors. This study is not an archetypal presentation of facts. A base reference study was made onto the oldest traditional mosque in the South East Asia region- Masjid Agng Demak in Central Java, Indonesia. Field studies were made to cover three selected traditional mosques in Malacca: Masjid Kampung Hulu, Masjid Tengkera and Masjid Al Azim. These mosques were chosen based on their built age on two separate eras - the old traditional mosques: Masjid Kampung Hulu and Masjid Tengkera, have been built since the 18" Century and been treated as community mosques. These mosques are still in use, well maintained and conserved. The new traditional mosque, Masjid A1 Azim is of the 20" Century, is a new and larger scale mosque, treated as the State Mosque in Malacca Surveys were done to record and identify the decorative motifs in these mosques and to evaluate the users' awareness and the effectiveness of these decoration. The aesthetic criteria of the decoration elements which have profound impacts onto the users are also identified. Further more, a close examination and analysis regarding certain aspects of the physical characteristics of the decorative motifs are presented. Through the survey and observation study of these decoration, various physical and aesthetic factors were identified. These factors were then referred to formulate the general design criterion in relation to the application of decoration in mosque. By fully understanding the role of decoration, further improvements can be recommended to ensure better and effective usage of decoration particularty n mosques</text>
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                <text>Norzalifa Zainal Abidin&#13;
</text>
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                <text>PL5065 UM 2003 NORZA	</text>
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                <text>Universiti Malaya</text>
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                <text>Imej diri wanita Melayu kini : satu kajian kes di Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur</text>
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                <text>Women, Malay--Kuala Lumpur (W.P.)--Psychology--Case studies&#13;
Personality and culture--Kuala Lumpur (W.P.)--Case studies</text>
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                <text>Abstrak&#13;
&#13;
Imej pemikiran diri merupakan satu konsep yang menerangkan proses ( dalaman ) dan proses sosial tentang diri. Melalui proses pemikiran dapat dikenal pasti persepsi, tanggapan serta penilaian individu terhadap imej yang dikehendaki mereka. Manakala melalui proses sosial, individu mengambil tindakan bagi menzahirkan kemahuan tersebut. Kajian ini menumpukan kepada imej diri wanita Melayu. Imej diri bersifat dinamik, berbeza dalam setiap kelompok budaya serta mengalami perubahan mengikut peredaran zaman. Bagi masyarakat Melayu, imej diri wanitanya dipengaruhi oleh nilai, norma, serta world-view masyarakat yang berteraskan lslam. Bertepatan dengan ciri kedinamikan ini, lantaran imej diri wanita merupakan satu konstruksi budaya. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini cuba mengenal pasti apakah imej unggul wanita dalam masyarakat dengan menumpukan kepada ciri, proses dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukan imej diri ini. Selain itu, imej diri yang dipancarkan ini melambangkan jati diri Melayu yang mempunyai keunikan serta berbeza dengan masyarakat dan budaya yang lain. </text>
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                <text>Nor Azita Che Din</text>
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&#13;
Peneltian ini menjelaskan : (|) bentuk-bentuk hak ulavat alas tanah dan hutan tradie Orang Davak di krdua desa tersebut. (2) dampak masuknya sistem ekonomi baru terho tradisiona terhadap Sistem hak ulaval lanah dan hutan tradisional Orang Dayak. dan (3) strateg1 Orang Davak mempertahankai sistem hak ulayat tanah dan hutan trad1sionalnya. Untuk menjelaskan d. menjanab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut. maka peneliuan ini menganmbil studi kasus na. komunitas Davak di Desa Sape. Kecamatan Jangkang, dan komunitas Davak di Dex Tunggul Bovok. Kecamatan Bonti. Keduanya secara administratif termasuk dalam wilah Kabupaten Sangglu, Propinsi Kalimantan Bara!. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kontekstual. dengar liga jenis leknik pengumpulan data, yakni review dokumen, pengamatan lapangan (observIsi) dan wawancara. Masing-masing pendekatan ini memberi kontribusi salng melengkapi. karena ilu sering digunakan secara bersamaan dalam suatu penelitian kualtar guna memperoleh data yang lengkap dan valid. Teknik pendekatan ini menangkap titl pandang masvarakat dan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mempelajari perilaku aktual dalam hubungan dengan masalah teoritis vang lebih umum (Pelto dan Pelto. 1984: 63 ).  Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk hak ulayat tanah dan hutan Iradisional Orang Dayak di kedua desa lokasi penelitian ini adalah berupa lahan pekarangan. ladang, tanah bekas ladang (bawas), kebun karet, pohon ketapang (manggris), tengkawang. lanah kuburan, semak belukar, hutan (rimba/rimbo), wilayah untuk berburu dan meramu. dan kawasan untuk mencari atau menangkap ikan. Masuknva sistem ekonomi baru telah menyebabkan pengembangan pada bentuk hak ulayat baru seperti: sawah tadah hujan alau yang mereka sebut Loba/lompa/sawa/padong/lobak), HTI-Akasia, dan kebun sawit. Strategi untuk mempertahankan hak ulayat pada tanah dan hutan tradisionalnya akibat masuknva sistem ekonomi baru, Orang Dayak di kedua desa lokasi penelitian ini mengoperasikan aturan-aturan lokalnya, baik yang berlaku sejak nenek moyang maupun vang telah mengalami perubahan atau penyesuaian sebagai implikasi masuknya sistem ekoãomi baru tersebut. Dalam operasionalisasi aturan-aturan lokal tersebut, seringkali mengalami benturan dengan aluran-aturan hukum negara dan atau aturan baru sebagai dampak masuknya sistem ekoncmi baru. Oleh sebab itu mereka seringkali menggunakan strategi konflik, dengan rekonsiliasi konflik tetap mengacu pada aturan-aturan lokal tradisionalnya. Konflik dan rekonsiliasi konllik sebagai Suatu strategi bagi mereka adalah bukan merupakan hal baru, tetapi sudah merupakan budaya mereka yang lahir dari kebiasaan "mengayau'". Walaupun kebiasaan engayau" tersebut pada awalnya (sebelum tahun 1894) bertujuan untuk kegiatan upacara adat, namun dalan perjalanannya tujuannya telah diperluas yang salah satunva adalah perebutan vilayah (J.U. Lontaan dalanm Patebang, 1998:11-14). </text>
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BP63 M4PAIMM</text>
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Kajian ini bertujuan mengenali dengan lebih dekat ciri-ciri audiens yang hadir menyaksikan seni persembahan di Malaysia. Selain itu, kajian ini cuba membentuk model asas campuran pemasaran bagi sektor seni persembahan serta meninjau sama ada terdapat perkaitan antara campuran pemasaran yang dijalankan oleh pihak penganjur seni persembahan dengan profil audiens yang menyaksikan persembahan tersebut. Kajian ini merangkumi 1,352 audiens seni persembahan di Malaysia yang menyaksikan 33 buah persembahan terdiri daripada teater, tarian dan muzik. Hasil yang diperolehi mendapati audiens daripada jenis seni persembahan yang berbeza mempunyai profil serta corak gaya hidup yang berbeza. Semua audiens seni persembahan di Malaysia didapati sensitif dengan isu-isu berkaitan dengan seks, keganasan, keagamaan dan budaya. Penemuan kajian ini berjaya menunjukkan bahawa terdapat kaitan antara campuran pemasaran yang dijalankan oleh pihak penganjur dengan profil audiens yang menyaksikan persembahan tersebut. </text>
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