Browse Items (19606 total)

• Textperkahwinansultan melayu

  The Royal Wedding

  Perkahwinan Diraja Kesultanan Brunei.
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  Problem Of Getting Materials For The Brunei Museum.

  Masalah di musium Brunei
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  Melanau spirit figures

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  'Makan Tahun' The Annual Feast Of The Kedayans

• Textmeriam

  Brunei Cannon

• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Asiatic Society

  The marine compass was an important tool for navigation because it showed direction at sea. However, a compass 'course' is different from a 'bearing". Early compasses ranged from simple magnetized needles floating in water to more advanced instruments. The Chinese were the first to invent the magnetic compass, and during the Ming dynasty they developed it further by mounting it on a detailed diving board.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Asiatic Society

  The passage describes how early sailors used the Pole Star, Polaris or navigation before the 1470s. Because Polaris appeared nearly fixed in the sky, its altitude helped sailors estimates latitude, although it was not perfectly alighed with the North Pole. The text also explains that Polaris was less useful in Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean., where sailors relied more on coastal navigation. Araba and Chinese navigators used simple tools such as the kamal and star plates to measure star height above the horizon fo guidance at sea.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  There is no other instruments but Mao K'un maps for open ocean navigations. Star altitude were added for the first time when crossing the mouth of the bay of Bengal .
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of Royal Asiatic Society

  The Mao K'un with the Zheng he Voyages used a star charts instead of the ocean navigations. But there are mislabeled star chart title of navigational diagrams by Needham. Also there are some problems in identifying stars with sailors' and names'. Zheng aids to navigation but only approximate geographical coastal positions can be found.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  Sailing directions were recorded in East and West for both coasting and open sea voyages. For example, 5the knowledge of the various trade routes with directions and favorable winds, and description of the coastlines. Office are termed as Pilots after fitting their modern equivalents that include geographical descriptions and commercial information.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  Voyage routes ran in lines followed parallel to an irregular coastline and they provided the navigation with a direct picture of the coast but it was not possible to fix these. They are more like the straight line guides of the LondonUndergraund with pretty pictures.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  The marine charts from the early times were showing a recognizable Mediterranean and northwestern shoulder of Africa without latitude and longitude. Arabs used a chart that were inspired by Portuguese. The Mao K'un maps named a later compiler found in the Wu-pei chin were written with text, and are of no standard siza or orientation.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  Even experienced navigators, including Arab seafarers known for their advanced techniques, did not use latitude in the modern sense. This reliance on celestial height measurements persisted for centuries, with some English sailors continuing the practice into the Victorian era.
• Journal of the Malayan branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  Navigation reminded far from precise. Mariners could not accurately determine their exact geographic position. The concept of locating a ship at the intersection of latitude and longitude was largely theoretical and confined to scholars. Longitude was especially difficult to measure and could only be estimated, while latitude was not fully conceptualized as it is today. Instead, sailors relied on measuring the altitude of stars, rather than understanding latitude as a coordinate systems.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  Portuguese adapted and simplified earlier Arabic instruments such as quadrants and astrolabes. These tools were modified to measure the altura in degrees, making them more practical for sailors. Additionally, nautical almanacs that is derived from Arabic knowledge were introduced, incorporating solar data alongside stellar observations.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  The development of modern navigation techniques began in Europe during the late 15th century, not the early 1420s as often misunderstood. Contrary to popular belief, Prince Henry the Navigater did not initiate advanced oceanic navigations for voyages to Asia. Rather, it was under king John ll of Portugal in the 1470s that significant progress occured. His directive aimed to improve navigation after Portuguese sailors crossed the equator in search of the legendary figure Prester John.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  The term navigation did not the originally mean precise position-finding as it does today. It referred broadly to guiding a ship across open waters., while pilotage described navigation near coastlines using visible landmarks.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  The text correct the misconception that the southwest monsoon moves in a straightward diagonal path from Africa to Southeast Asia. In reality, it develops progressively, beginning near Aceh, then reaching Sri Lanka, and finally the west coast of India.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  The passage explain that sailing routes were heavily influenced not just by wind direction but by seasonal weather conditions. Stormy monsoon periods often made certain coastal harbors in accessible, such as the east coast of the Malay peninsula during the musim tutup kuala and the west coast of India during the southwest monsoon. These environmental constrains shaped navigation strategies more than simplistic wind model suggests.
• Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  Evidence from the 1431 Chinese expedition demonstrates that sailors adapted flexibly to changing wind systems. Rather than strictly following a fixed directional cycle, fleets could travel both eastward and westward within the same monsoon season. For example, Chinese ship sailed from China to Java on the winter monsoon, then continued to Malacca during the southwest monsoon, and later crossed the Indian Ocean to Hormuz during the northeast monsoon. , returning again within that same seasonal patters.
• Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society

  common misunderstandings about monsoon wind patterns and their role in historical maritime trade across the Indian ocean and Southeast Asia. While it is often believed that ships followed a simple one-way seasonal pattern and returing west with the southwest monsoon. However the reality was more complex.
• TextagamaMelayu

  Mesjid2 sering dibangunkan dalam bentuk

  "Mesjid2 sering dibangunkan dalam bentuk bangun-an peribumi Indonesia, dengan dua, tiga atau lima lapis atap, dan menjadikannya kelihatan seperti pa-goda.Bangunan ini merupakan satu kenang - kenangan zaman sebelum Islam (masih digunakan untuk kuil Hindu di Bali), ketika ia digunakan untuk menggam-barkan gunung dewa2, yaitu Gunung Meru orang2 Hindu. Seringkali menaranya tidak ada ;muazzin (modin atau bilal) kemudian membuat bang dari satu pelantaran di salah satu bagian atap mesjid itu; se-lalunya satu tabuh besar dipalu untuk memberitahu-kan waktu sembahyang."
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  Clifford: towards a literary biography of the malayan years 1883-1903

  This paper focusses upon some aspects of the Malayan career of Hugh Charles Clifford (1866-1941), the first English Agent and Second British Resident in Pahang...
• TextmalayaSir Hugh Clifford

  Images of Malaya in the Stories of Sir Hugh Clifford

  Sir Hugh Clifford’s stories paint a picture of Malaya during British colonial times, focusing on village life, local customs, and the relationship between the British and Malays. His writing reflects both admiration and a colonial mindset, giving insight into how Malaya was seen through a British lens in the early 20th century.
  
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  The Threat of Materialism

  Increasing materialistic consciousness is beginning to have its impact upon all of us. Social and cultural values are slowly crumbling...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  The hassle for a publishing permit

  A month ago, on Dec 15, 1989 Aliran's permit to publish expired. Three months prior to that we applied. as...
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  Poverty studies and the determination of social policy in Malaysia

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  E74168

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  In memoriam frits Herman van Naerssen

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  SABAH - 1963 - 1973 : Ten years of independence

• TextPolitik Malaysia

  The Communal disease

  Even though it is now some three decades since we got our independence, the nation is still in its infancy...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Abuse of power under the ISA

  No law in all our statutes shames us as a nation or undermines our democratic system of government more than...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Prisioner of Injustice

  It took as if the authorities are now trying to blame the remand prisoner Zainal Hashim, himself for long period...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Can you sell something that you don't own?

  Negative elements - greed, corruption, abuse of power and judicial indiference - have conspired to wipe out part of Penang's history and...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Who smuggled Ganesan into the Perak Assembly?

  The claim by self pro claimed speaker of the Perak State Assembly, R Ganesan, that he had no choice but to...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Aliran demands justice and return to the people's mandate

  The request by the undemocratically ousted Perak menteri besar, Datuk Seri Mohmmad Nizar Jamaluddin, for a nine-man Federal Court...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  SUHAKAM shackled and rendered ineffective

  It is a very refreshing experience for me to meet you once again, this time away from the Ministry of...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  ISA is evil, ISA must go!! : Bad laws are the worst of tyranny

  Raja Petra Kamarudin, Malaysian Today news portal editor, Tan Hoon Cheng, Sin Chew Daily News reporter and Teresa Kok, Member...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  People's hope in the Judiciary has been misplaced : The much anticipated reformation in the judiciary is illusory.

  Confronted by crisis in Perak, the people had reason to believe that the judiciary would be our last hope for...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Democracy undermined : Forces are at work to subvert the voters' choice in the last general election while others are playing up emotive issues of race and religion for political ends.

  Pakatan doesn't need an enemy to destroy it. it can self-destruct quite easily - thanks to certain renegades within coalition...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  The silent majority must act : By our silence, we are giving a free hand to vocal minority groups to have their day and dictate the direction of the nation.

  We have much to be concerned over the way we are moving as a nation. There seem to be no...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Fan Yew Teng : He would not be cowed or muzzled.

  Aliran is saddened by the passing of Fan Yew Teng, a principled ideologue, social activist, unionist, politician, poet, writer and...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Judiciary and corruption : A Royal Commission is urgently needed to purge the Judiciary of all the negative elements plaguing it.

  Ever since Abdullah Badawi took over as Prime Minister of the country from Dr Mahathir, there have been many high...
• TextPolitik Malaysia

  Discontinue Beng Hock inquest : P Ramakrishnan calls for a royal commission of inquiry to replace the discredited inquest

  We are gathered here today to express our solidarity with the Teoh family . We are here to express our sorrow over...
• TextAliran Monthly

  Two sides to a coin

  I was very surprised to find inside your commendable magazine (March/April 1987 issue) two pages of rubbish written by the...
• TextHari Raya

  Bersama kita berhari raya, doakan kebahagiaan

  Dataran-dataran di Bazar Besar Urumqi, Majid Id Kah dan tempat lain dipenuhi rakyat pelbagai etnik yang beragama Islam menyambut Aidilfitri
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  Penggunaan pola-pola ayat bahasa Malaysia oleh murid-murid darjah enam

  Abstrak
  
  Kajian ini cuba mendapatkan data-data berkenaan penggunaan pola-pola ayat dalam karangan bertulis Bahasa Malaysia murid-murid darjah enam sekolah rendah.
• Textkeluarga melayu

  Tak sempat masak sup tulang untuk anak

  Ibu terkilan, tidak sempat menyediakan sup tulang kegemaran anaknya selepas mengetahui anak dan menantunya maut dalam kemalangan jalan raya
• Textkeluarga melayu

  Pasangan penoreh tabah jaga ibu sakit

  Kesempitan hidup tidak menghalang pasangan suami isteri penoreh getah menjalankan tanggungjawab menjaga ibu yang sakit di Kampung Radek, Jalan Chepir.
• Textramadan

  Ramadan pertama 4 beradik yatim piatu

  Adik beradik ini menyambut Ramadan dengan pilu apabila mereka dalam sekelip mata kehilangan kedua ibubapa terbabit dalam kemalangan jalan raya