Browse Items · Rimbunan: Pangkalan Data Pengajian Melayu

Major developments in Indonesia in the first half of 1980 : The general elections act and two speeches by Suharto

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Survey of major political developments in Indonesia in the second half of 1979 : Social unrest

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Major developments in Indonesia in the first half of 1979 : Reactions to the Indochina crisis

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Survey of major political developments in Indonesia in the second hald of 1978 :
1 - The partai demokrasi Indonesia
2 - Golkar's second national congress

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Survey of major political developments in Indonesia in the first half of 1978

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Survey of major political developments in Indonesia in the second half of 1977 : prelude to the 1978 general session of the Indonesian people's congress

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Pengaruh sosio-budaya terhadap tahap pengetahuan dan penjagaan kesihatan : tinjauan terhadap pandangan individu berbangsa melayu yang menghidap kanser di malaysia

Elemen sosio-budaya seperti adat resam, norma, agama, bahasa, tahap pendidikan dan kepercayaan boleh mempengaruhi tahap pengetahuan dan tindakan individu dalam penjagaan kesihatan...

Text Politik Malaysia

SUHAKAM and the Indigenous people's question

I have been asked to evaluate SUHAKAM's performance during its first year, insofar as the rights and aspirations of the...

Text Politik Malaysia

How Selangor won over the Orang Asli : The Pakatan-led goverment had from the beginning stated its good intentions for the community - and it has walked the talk

Below is an excerpt from The Road to Reform: Pakatan Rakyat in Selangor. The book, to be launched on Sept 27...

Text orang asli policy analysis ...1 more

Also, one of the first policy...

"Also, one of the first policy statements made during his acceptance speech was that POASM would encourage Malays to become members. The suggestion provoked much debate, but no vote was taken on the matter. Subsequently, in February 1992, it was learned that the JHEOA Director-General became a member and was reportedly appointed an Advisor. Several Malays, mainly those working with the JHEOA, were also said to have applied to become members."

Text community development leader ...1 more

Hence, it is not uncommon to have...

"Hence, it is not uncommon to have two headmen in a particular settlement: one hereditary or elected by the community, the other appointed by the JHEOA. The tendency is for the JHEOA to appoint someone who is at least a little literate in Mlay, and preferably someone who is amenable to its dictates. This usually implies a younger person, and therefore usually someone less experiences in the traditions and customs of thee community."

Text leader orang asli ...1 more

Over the years, Orang Asli...

"Over the years, Orang Asli leaders, especiall those in POASM, have advocated that they needed to participate in the political arena if they wanted to make themselves heard and recognised. There have been frequent calls for POASM itself to be turned into a political party."

Text initiatives orang asli

The heavy-handed manner...

"The heavy-handed manner in which the houses were demolished - without prior warning to the owners and despite the matter still being handled by their lawyers - infuriated POASM leaders enough to want to make their displeasure visible and loud. The demonstration was to inform the authorities that the memorandum submitted on that day to the Deputy Prime Minister had the support of the Orang Asli. There was good media coverage of the event but the action did not solicit any positive response from the authorities involved."

Text hak kerajaan ...1 more

We must seek rights not...

"We must seek rights not only for ourselves, but also for all Orang Asli, all suku-kaum, all kampungs. Or else, we will have no land later. We are being pushed here and there when the goverment wants to have a certain project ... Felda, Felcra. We must have laws to protect our land from government schemes. How can we have these laws? We can ask POASM to help us. They are our persatuan. We are not alone. There are other groups and other countries that support our struggle and want to protect our rights."

Text Malaysia orang asli ...1 more

In August, at a special...

"In August, at a special function for the Orang Asli community in Kelantan, Tengku Razaleigh, now the state UMNO liaison committee chairman, told the Orang Asli that their living condition and livelihood would be better under a Barisan Nasional state government which would also take measures to overcome problems concerning the Orang Asli community including matters pertaining to the gazatting of the Orang Asli reserves (New Straits Times 4.8.1999). At the same function, Tengku Razaleigh, in his call to the Orang Asli to thelp the Barisan Nasional win in the coming general election, also claimed tha several areas of Orang Asli reserve land had been enroached upon by some quarters, including state goverment agencies, for logging and other activities."

Text leader orang asli ...1 more

In a further move to...

"In a further move to encourage Orang Asli to join UMNO - and so help the party achieve its 600,000 membership - UMNO Secretary-General, Mohamed Rahmat, remarked that the Orang Asli, "should be given the chance to be actively involved in the country's politics...They also had the right to decide on the position of the country's leadership" (The Star 21.2.1989). Clearly, then, the eal motive for opening the party's doors to the Orang Asl was to help secure the position of the "country's leadership"."

Text gaya hidup orang asli

This is not to suggest that early Orang Asli...

"This is not to suggest that early Orang Asli societies developed in isolation. On the contrary, far from remaining static, they have had to continually change and adapt themselves and their social organisation to their environment, their neighbours, and to new centres of power. However, the Emergency, and the consequent attention paid to them by the government through the agency if the JHEOA, were to further exposed Orang Asli groups to one another. Some have attributed this increased awareness (of other Orang Asli groups) to the mixing at the Orang Asli hospital in Gombak, at the annual JHEOA social events, or in district or state-level official events organised for the Orang Asli."

Text gaya hidup orang asli

The State Culture, Arts and Tourism...

"The State Culture, Arts and Tourism Committee Chairman, Shahiruddin Moin, said that, "Although it is natural for women of the tribe to live half naked in the village, their photographs may give a wrong impression that Malays here are dressed in that manner" (The Star 3.8.1997). The State Rural Development Chairman, Omar Othman, was then assigned to look into the matter (Berita Harian 3.8.1997, 4.8.1997, Utusan Malaysia 4.8.1997). No official announcement was made about the ban on visits to the Kuala Yong Batek settlement but a sequence of events soon followed that eventually ressulted in such a ban."

Text hak kerajaan ...1 more

However, the Orang Asli involved...

"However, the Orang Asli involved were not happy with this move. Juki Sungkai, an Orang Asli youth leader, had questioned why forest products valued at RM60 million (USD15.8 million) were to be apportioned by the Koperasi Daya Asli Johor Berhad (mainly set up by JHEOA officers) and not by the local community. For this reason alone, Juki Added, "The regroupment project in Bekok should be put on hold because the project was given to a company which is not in accordance with the Orang Asli Act" (Utusan Malaysia 10.6.1997)."

Text hak orang asli ...1 more

Clearly the apparent intention...

"Clearly the apparent intention of the Aboriginal Peoples Act seems to be the refusal to recognise the Orang Asli as the autonomous social unit that they were in the past. In fact, as has been the case in several instances, this legal instrument has been effectively used to deny Orang Asli control and ownership over their traditional territories."

Text Melayu orang asli

The issue of the Orang Asli's assimilation, however,...

"The issue of the Orang Asli's assimilation, however, is not merely a concern of the ruling government. The opposition Islamic party PAS concurs with the view that Islamisation should be a strategy for lifting the Orang Malays. The PAS Member of Parliament for Kubang Kerian, Mohamed Sabu, even suggested that, "instead of being recognised as Orang Asli, they should be assimilated into the Malay race. Their culture should be integrated so that they will no longer be considered separated from Malays." (The Star 26.11.1997)"

Text orang asli Politics

In this regard, the 1961 Policy Statement...

"In ths regard, the 1961 Policy Statement was perhaps the most important document pertaining to Orang Asli development insofar as it accorded the Orang Asli some recognition of their rights as an indigenous people. It clearly spelt out several affirmative actions that needed to be implemented if the Orang Asli were to be "allowed to benefit on an equal footing from the rights and opportunities which the law grants to the other sections of the community" (JHEOA 1961: 2)."

Text orang asli penjajahan

Despite the varying negative...

"Despite the varying negative impacts the colonial plan had on the Orang Asli, the strategy nevertheless proved successful in that Orang Asli support for the insurgents waned, and the Malayan government was able eventually to declare the end of the Emergency in 1960."

Text economy orang asli ...1 more

Dunn (1975: 109) also noted that the Orang Asli...

"Dunn (1975: 109) also noted that the Orang Asli have played a significant role in the Malaysian Peninsula's economic history as collectors and primary traders as early as the 5th century A.D. This is confirmed by Andaya and Andaya (1982: 11), who suggested that an internal trading network had linked the periphery of the forest with the hinterland. By this means, goods were bartered and passed from one group of Orang Asli forest dwellers to another, sometimes over forest tracks but most often along rivers."

Text economy orang asli ...1 more

The appropriation of Orang Asli resources, particularly...

"The appropriation of Orang Asli resources, particularly their traditional territories, becomes an important project of the state for both economic and political reasons. Economically, because Orang Asli lands are no longer considered a 'frontier' resource, such territories are now a much sought-after factor-of-production, especially if they can be obtained cheaply."

Text orang asli Social problems

I have also argued (Nicholas 1997a) that...

"I have also argued (Nicholas 1997a) that the social stress experienced by the Orang Asli, especially with the loss of their traditional resources, has opened avenues for increased ethnic mapping along generic Orang Asli categories. Orang Asli ethnicity, it would appear, is very much a response of the Orang Asli to their contemporary situation, particularly in the context, as Loh (1993: 168) notes, of the prevalence and dominance of ethnicity in Malaysia's social relations and social structure."

Text economy orang asli ...1 more

Much of the rationale...

"Much of the rationale for governmental approaches to Orang Asli development has its roots in the development theories of the 1960s and 1970s. Even today, the basic philosophy underlying the current development strategies remains the same, although the specific programmes may differ. As such, in order to help situate the current context of Orang Asli politics and development, a brief discussion of the various development models that continue to influence Orang Asli is given below. The critiques and deliberations of several researchers as to the appropriateness of these policies follow this."

Text gaya hidup orang asli

In fact, there is very little...

"In fact, there is very little difference between the proportions of availability of household items between urban Orang Asli households and overall Peninsular Malaysia. This suggests that urban Orang Asli households are not materially very different from their non-Orang Asli neighbors. Of significant note, also, is that a fair proportion of both rural and urban Orang Asli households have access to a radio or television, thereby negating any presumption that they are 'isolated', or that they are blissfully impervious to outside influences."

Text education health care ...1 more

Several implications can be drawn...

"Several implications can be drawn from the prevalent age distribution of the Orang Asli. Considering the youthfulness of the age structure, we can expect the growth rates to be maintained at high levels for some time, even with relatively modest birth rates. The large proportion of the population below 15 years also implies that development plans and strategies need to give greater emphasis to this age group, especially in terms of educational facilities and health care."

Text economy orang asli ...1 more

Economic dealings with the...

"Economic dealings with the neighbouring Malay communities were not uncommon during the past few hundred years, especially for the Aboriginal Malay groups. There seemed also to be a certain amount of interaction between the Orang Asli and the other ethnic groups, particularly the Malays who resided along the fringes of the forest."

Text Malaysia orang asli ...1 more

Today, however many of the Negrito...

"Today, however many of the Negrito groups live in permanent settlements in Northeast Kedah (the Kensiu people), along the Kedah-Perak border (Kintak), Northeast Perak and West Kelantan (Jahai), North-central Perak (Lanoh), Southeast Kelantan (Mendriq), and Northeast Pahang and South Kelantan (Batek). Customarily, some groups enter the forest for varying lengths of time such as during the fruit season to practise opportunistic foraging, or to extract forest products (such as rattan and gaharu) to be exchanged for cash. Such activities have often caused them to be labeled as nomadic and to be considered the more economically backward of the Orang Asli subgroups."

Text initiatives Malaysia ...1 more

Jaringan Orang Asal SeMalaysia (JOAS) adalah...

"Jaringan Orang Asal SeMalaysia (JOAS) adalah penaung kepada 83 pertubuhan Orang Asal yang berasaskan komuniti, NGO-NGO sokongan dan komuniti Orang Asal seluruh Malaysia. Sebagai sebuah badan induk kepada sokongan dan perjuagan hak Orang Asal di negara ini, JOAS meyumbang dari segi perwakilan di peringkat kebangsaan, wilayah Asia dan antarabangsa."

Text antarabangsa hak ...1 more

Masyarakat Orang Asal percaya...

"Masyarakat Orang Asal percaya bahawa pihak berkuasa haruslah menggunapakai dan mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip yang termaktub dalam Deklarasi Hak Orang Asal Antarabangsa (UNDRIP) sebagai langkah pertama dalam pengiktirafan hak mereka. Komuniti Orang Asal berkeras bahawa dua prinsip utama UNDRIP - Keizinan Berasaskan Makluman Awal, Bebas dan Telus (FPIC) dan Hak Penentuan Nasib Sendiri - menjadi dasar untuk semua hal yang melibatkan Orang Asal."

Text gaya hidup orang asli ...1 more

Institusi dan sistem tradisi...

"Institusi dan sistem tradisi Orang asal hanya berkesan jka komuniti percaya bahawa adanya keperluan untuk meneruskan pengetahuan tradisi mereka yang wujud sejak turun-temurun. Tetapi ini tidak bermakna bahawa sistem sosial Orang Asal adalah statik (tidak berubah) atau tertutup dari pengaruh luar. Sebaliknya, keupayaan mereka untuk meminjam seta mengadaptasikan apa yang berguna telah membolehkan mereka wujud sehingga zaman kini, dan bukannya terikat kepada budaya pengekalan tradisi yang fanatik dimana adat langsung tidak boleh diubah walaupun memudaratkan komuniti."

Text gaya hidup orang asli ...1 more

Sudah menjadi lumrah bagi...

"Sudah menjadi lumrah bagi komuniti Orang Asal untuk mempunyai kebun atau dusun mereka sendiri dimana pelbagai jenis buah-buahan dan tanaman lain ditanam untuk menyara hidup mereka. Pada masa dahulu, kawasan tanah dan wilaah adat mereka telah banyak membantu mengekalkan kehidupan Orang Asal yang bergantng sepenuhnya kepada sumber tersebut."

Text Malaysia orang asli ...2 more

Perkataan 'Orang Asal' merupakan...

"Perkataan 'Orang Asal' merupakan nama panggilan menyeluruh untuk masyarakat pribumi di Malaysia. Mereka merupakan keturunan daripada suku-suku etnik yang telah menetap di Sabah, Sarawak dan Semenanjung Malaya sebelum penubuhan kesultanan Melayu dan kedatangan para Penjajah."

Text orang asli women

Perhaps, it is an apt to conclude this report with the message of a song about a Semai...

"Perhaps, it is an apt to conclude this report with the message of a song about a Semai woman called Wak Bong. While the lyrics are recent, the melody and the musical accompaniment are traditional - precisely the marriage between the traditional and the modern that the preceding call refers to. Composed by Tijah, the lyrics speak to a sleepy, depressed Wak Bong, asking her to,

Wake up, Wak Bong.
Don't sleep any longer.
The sun has already risen.
Be brave and face the day.
Wake up."

Text orang asli socialization ...1 more

We also realised that Semai women today seem...

"We also realised that Semai women today seem to be under the men's power and control. The men themselves have assumed that they possess this authority over the women. They see their responsibility to the family in merely making sure that they get enough money for their wives and children. For this reason, some men feel that there is no need for women to attend meetings, since the men of the household will be there."

Text gaya hidup orang asli

In the past, Semai women wen with their menfolk to...

"In the past, Semai women wen with their menfolk to hunt for small animals such as birds (using sticky birdlime, cog ep), squirrels, monkeys and jungle fowl. While on these hunting trips, the women plucked cassava shoots or sourced out medicinal leaves or roots, fruits and wild yams, as well as other fragrant plants and leaves used to give their homes a pleasant aroma."

Text economy orang asli

Semai society is certainly no longer...

"Semai society is certainly no longer the fully 'traditional' society that the elders remember it to be. However, there are more reasons than the mythical defiance of Semai males like the bean-pod son in the story that have caused changes in the Semai natural order of things. Semai no longer live in relative isolation. On the contrary, they continue to be coerced into the modern economy where money is the accepted medium of exchange."

Text orang asli pertanian

After planting padi, the women plant...

"After planting padi, the women plant crops such as maize, cassava, yams, sweet potato, chillies, and some indigenous varieties of vegetables - e.g., bayam hik, kacang hik, serai, petola hik, asap teroq, teroq sentol - as well as some ritual flowers. The vegetables are usually harvested before the padi has ripened."

Text gaya hidup orang asli ...1 more

The Semai categorise their food sources according to...

"The Semai categorise their food sources according to three major categories: living things that inhabit the water, those that liev on land, and those that are able to fly. Each group of animals has its own place in nature. This is taken to be the natural order of things. Mixing foods from these different categories would be akin to mixing up the natural order."

Text gaya hidup kepercayaan ...1 more

The Semai of Kampung Chang Lama also relate fondly to the...

"The Semai of Kampung Chang Lama also relate fondly to the rivers and the fish (kaq) that aboud in them. The elders cherish recounting how, in the past, when one was hungry, one needed only to put the rice in the boil and go to the river to fish. By the time the rice was cooked, there would be sufficient fish to go along with it."

Text agama orang asli

It is clear therefore that religion in Semai...

"It is clear therefore that religion in Semai society has been used to sanction certain concepts that have inherent social values. These concepts provide guidelines for daily living and set the basis of an egalitarian social system. The effectiveness of such concepts rests on the Semai's acknowledgement that their religio-spiritual worldview is without flaw, and more importantly, that they believe in all of it."

Text Ekonomi gaya hidup ...1 more

The present settlement of Kampung Chang Lama covers...

"The present settlement of Kampung Chang Lama covers 245 acres (99.1 hectares) of dwellings and rubber smallholdings. From the eyes of the state government such land is still state land, although an application was made by JHEOA in1969 to have the land gazetted as an Orang Asli reserve. Of the 302 individuals of working age in the community, 9 are civil servants (mainly with the JHEOA), 15 are employed in the private sector, while the majority (278) are selff-employed or, more precisely, farmers and rubber-tappers."

orang asli socialization ...1 more

Thus, one of the saddest outcome...

"Thus, one of the saddest outcome of this imposition by, and then absorption of, the dominant culture is that Orang Asli women take on a more secondary role in both the Orang Asli community and the wider society at large. Their involvement in the social and political domain becomes increasingly limited and restricted."

Text asimilasi culture ...2 more

The policy of integration with the mainstream is frequently used to justify...

"The policy of integration with the mainstream is frequently used to justify the objective of the 'Islamisation of the whole Orang Asli community' (JHEOA 1983: 2). As part of a variety of 'positive descrimination' policies, Orang Asli who convert to Islam could expect to be rewarded with material benefits both individually (e.g., cash incentive, housing, new clothes) and through community development projects (e.g., electricity and water supply, telephone connection, roads) 9HEOA 1983; Berita Harian, 26 November 1991; Berita Harian, 11 February 1998). Nevertheless, the major impact of a policy of Islamisation among Orang Asli is that Orang Asli culture and tradition are expected to give way to those sanctioned by the new religion."

Text Malaysia orang asli

The Orang Asli are the indigenous minority peoples of...

"The Orang Asli are the indigenous minority peoples of Peninsular Malaysia. The term which transliterates as 'original peoples' or 'first peoples', is a collective term for the 19 ethnic sub-groups officially classified for administrative purposes under Negrito, Senoi and Aboriginal Malay. They differ, sometimes widely, in physical features, economic lifestyle, social organisation, religion and language."

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