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                  <text> Indeks  Jurnal The Indonesian Quarterly</text>
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                  <text>Jurnal  berkala tentang kehidupan semasa rakyat Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk mempromoskan  kefahamaman yang luas tentang situasi dan  masalah  yang dihadapi menerusi artikel, dokumentasi , kajian dan penilaian.</text>
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                <text>The Indonesian Quarterly. 1. 3. 1973. p 50 - 64.&#13;
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                  <text>The Malay Muslim quarter of Gerge town, known as Malay Town, was located south of Chulia Street and surrounded by paddy fields and swampy land. It expanded in the early 19th century to include Acheen Street and Armenian Street, forming a layout similar to today. Over time, the Malay presence declined, although they once owed much of the inner city. Due to frequent flooding, traditional houses were built on raised platforms, and some Indo-Malay style buildings still remain today.</text>
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                  <text>JMBRAS, VOL.85, part1(2012), pp.1-44</text>
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                <text>The journey of his early career were in Malaysia from 1883 to 1903. He served as Governor, Straits Settlements, and High Commissioner, Malay States. It was back then when British control was being established over the Tanah Melayu.  </text>
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                <text>Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,49,part 1.1976.p.89-112.&#13;
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                <text>Artikel ini meneliti detik bersejarah pengisytiharan kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu pada 31 Ogos&#13;
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                <text>Canang. 123 Desember .,1992. p. 12-15</text>
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                <text>Kajian skrip “Tukang Ensera” ini menganalisis konflik pertentangan antara kuasa Timur dan  kuasa  Barat  dengan  menggunakan  pendekatan  pascakolonialisme.</text>
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Kajian ini bertujuan memperlihatkan fungsi dan kepentingan ritual dalam upacara atau adat resam kaum Iban di negeri Sarawak berdasarkan tiga buah novel hasil karva penulis kelahiran Sarawak. Novel-novel tersebut ialah Pindah dan Gugumya Langit Hijau Nanga Tiga karya Jong Chian Lai serta Kelingkang hasil tulisan Douglas Jaga. Analisis kajian menggunakan pendekatan teori struktural fungsionalisme (teori fungsionalisme) yang dikemukakan oleh Emile Durkheim, iaitu setiap elemen budaya dan masyarakat bertindak sebagai fakta-fakta sosial (social fucts) yang berfungsi untuk menghamonikan institusi kemasyarakatan itu sendiri. Penerapan teori tersebut daripada perspektif kajian budaya ke atas novel-novel kajian memperlihatkan bahawa ritual memainkan peranan penting dalam fungsinya sebagai fakta sosial yang menjadi sistem peraturan atau undang-undang tidak formal dalam masyarakat Iban. Apabila sistem atau peraturan ini dipakai dan ahli masyarakat akur akan justifikasi perlakuan ritual terhadap fungsinya untuk menghamonikan masyarakat, ia akan cuba dipertahankan dan menjadi satu ciri khusus masyarakat yang mengamalkannya. Dengan itu, ritual dapat diangkat sebagai salah satu ciri identiti bagi masyarakat Iban di Sarawak. Analisis yang dijalankan bukan sahaja melihat ciri-ciri identiti tersebut seperti yang tergambar dalam teks kajian tetapi turut menjelaskan definisi, sifat dan amalan serta bentuk-bentuk ritual yang berlangsung dalam kalangan nmasyarakat Iban di Sarawak, terutamanya mereka yang tinggal di rumah panjang serta memegang kukuh nilai tradisi dan adat resam. Ritual menempatkan dirinya dalam hampir seluruh perjalanan hidup manusia Iban, sejak ia berada di dalam rahim ibu sehinggalah pada hari kematiannya seperti mana yang dipaparkan dalam ketiga-tiga buah novel kajian. Kelangsungan ritual yang digambarkan dalam teks-teks pilihan tidak hanya berlegar pada individu tertentu, malah dalam sebuah masyarakat bersifat kolektif, ritual memberi kesan tertentu kepada ahli masyarakat secara keseluruhan, sama ada yang menyokong atau menentang. Hubungan ritual bukan sekadar antara manusia dengan manusia malah terdapat juga ritual yang dijalankan bagi menenteramkan hubungan manusia dengan unsur alam. Alam pula terbahagi kepada dua, iaitu yang bersifat fizikal dan spiritual. Alam yang dirujuk sebagai fizikal itu bersifat literal, yakni urusan manusia dengan alam persekitaran, sama ada tempat kediaman atau tempat sumber rezeki seperti hutan dan sungai. Manakala alam spiritual pula merujuk kepada entiti-entiti ghaib, seperti tuhan (dewa) atau semangat (roh baik atau jahat). Konflik yang muncul antara manusia dengan dua alam ini akan melahirkan ritual-ritual yang bercirikan penghormatan dan sifat timbal balas supaya suasana harmoni mampu wujud antara kedua-dua pihak. Dalam bidang kesusasteraan, unsur ritual menjadi sebahagian daripada gagasan penting yang menyumbang kepada isi cerita dalam sesebuah karya. Hasil dapatan daripada analisis kajian ini memperlihatkan bahawa nilai-nilai tradisi yang dipertahankan dalam ritual khusus menurut upacara-upacara tertentu akan menjadi ciri penentu dalam mewujudkan keharmonian kepada seluruh masyarakat. Dapatan kajian juga menjadi bukti bahawa selain mengangkat identiti masyarakat Iban, ritual juga berfungsi sebagai salah sebuah dokumen budaya dalam memaparkan gagasan pemikiran, pandangan dunia serta kepercayaan masyarakat Iban. </text>
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