Browse Items (16349 total)

• Textagamakemudahan...2 more

  583 sekolah agama dilengkapi wifi

  Sebanyak 583 Sekolah Agama Kerajaan Johor akan dilengkapi dengan manfaat pemasangan wifi yang disasarkan oleh kerajaan.
• Textbebanan hutanggaya hidup...5 more

  FELDA Gunung Besout, Sungai Perak : Tinjauan dari aspek ekonomi

  Penyelidikan yang dilakukan ini merupakan satu kajian kes mengenai keadaan ekonomi di sebuah penempatan FELDA di negeri Perak. Dalam bab yang pertama, pengkaji ingin menerangkan tentang objektif kajian, bidang kajianm kaedah-kaedah yang digunakan oleh pengkaji untuk mendapatkan maklumat dan data serta permasalahan yang timbul sepanjang menjalankan kajian ini. Dalam bab ini juga, pengkaji menyelit tentang sejarah penubuhan FELDA serta latar belakang tempat kajian.
  
  Bab kedua pula membincangkan soal-soal yang berhubung dengan ekonomi. Pengkaji cuba memberi gambaran dengan kegiatan ekonomi utama, sampingan serta peluang-peluang yang perlu dimanfaatkan oleh peneroka.
  
  Dalam bab yang ketiga, pengkaji membicarakan tentang pola pendapatan simpanan serta tabungan mereka. Pengkaji menonjolkan kemampuan serta kesedaran peneroka untuk menabung. Melalui bab ini juga pengkaji akan membincangkan tentang pola-pola penggunaan, perbelanjaan yang secara tidak langsung menyentuh soal taraf hidup dan juga gaya hidup peneroka.
  
  Dalam bab seterusnya, pengkaji mengupas permasalahan peneroka berhubung dengan ekonomi. Di sini, pengkaji memperlihatkan bagaimana permasalahan itu mempengaruhi atau menjejaskan ekonomi peneroka. Dalam bab ini pengkaji memberikan penilaian dan cadangan terhadap permasalahan tersebut.
  
  Akhir sekali, bab lima sebagai penutup dibuat secara rumusan dan analsa tentang kedudukan ekonomi masyarakat FELDA. Di sini juga akan diutarakan pencapaian-pencapaian peneroka serta akan juga membincangkan tentang bagaimana ingin mencari titik pertemuan di antara peneroka dan pihak pentadbiran.
  
  Akhir sekali akan diperlihatkan sejauhmana matlamat-matlamat pembangunan masyarakat tercapai seperti yang dirancang.
• Textdigitalilmu...2 more

  Rekod Nilam dalam bentuk digital dilancar

  Selepas 24 tahun memperkenalkan Rekod Nilam bagi memupuk minat membaca,kini Rekod Nilam sudah dipermudahkan dalam bentuk digital.
• TextpelanconganShah Alam

  Shah Alam ada banyak lokasi tarikan pelancongan

  Ada beberapa lokasi ikonik sudah menjadi lokasi yang wajib untuk dikunjungi oleh pelancong seperti Taman Botani Shah Alam, makanan tradisional di Warung 35 dan Musical Fountain di Tasik Shah Alam.
• TextconflictDesert Shield...2 more

  Iraq-Kuwait War of 1990 : An experience

  The 1990-1991 Gulf War saw an international coalition of 26 states led by United States against an aggressor state, Iraq. This paper examines the circumstances leading to the war, the conduct of war and derive lessons from it. The lessons learnt are categorised under political, economic, social and military/operational dimensions. The 1990-1991 Gulf War demonstrated that aggression against a weak neighbour like Kuwait does not pay and there is the willingness of the international community to collectively use force to evict and punish the aggressor state. The Gulf War also demonstrated a typical textbook conventional warfare enhanced with technological superiority, high quality training and logistic support which provided success and victory to the coalition forces.
• Textdiabetesdialisis...2 more

  Menghentikan dialisis bukan hukuman bunuh diri

  Sekiranya pesakit memilih untuk meneruskan dialisis,pesakit akan terpaksa menahan beban kesakitan sepanjang rawatan dan bimbang bahawa jantung boleh terhenti secara bila-bila.Tapi jika tidak melakukan dialisis,jangka hayat pesakit mungkin hanya boleh tahan kurang daripada satu minggu sahaja tapi ini boleh memberikan mereka peluang untuk meninggal dunia dengan cara yang lebih 'tenang'.
• TextAmerican propagandaCold War...4 more

  Propaganda
  Its roles and challenges

  This paper relates to the art of persuasion, mostly through communication processes and also by other means. The art to persuade, influence and induce the targeted individuals or population to change their attitudes, opinions and behaviors as desired by the communicators. Such art is termed "propaganda" and throughout this paper the roles of propaganda and the everposing challenges it gives will be discussed. In the discussion that follows, the word "disinformation" will be invariably used so as to distinct out the special purpose it served as part of the wider meaning of propaganda. In this modern world where globalisation is the order of the day, propaganda has becoming one of the most important element or instrument used in political international relations, economy and trades or in the attempt or instrument used in political international relations, economy and trades or in the attempt to safeguard individual's or group's power. The extensive use of propaganda would be seen in the shade of the development of mass politics - widespread involvement of the average citizen or subject in political and economic affairs - and a widening scope of private contacts between people of different nationalities especially so in multinational and non-governmental organisations
  
  This paper will mostly illustrate the role propaganda and disinformation played as an instrument of national policies especially during the cold war era between the American led western bloc and Soviet led eastern bloc which structured the bipolar system of that time. In the struggle to maintain, exert and expand ones' sphere of influence in the ideological, political and economical arenas the use of propaganda has becoming so widening until the actual fundamental understandings of international relations has somewhat becoming blurred or distorted.
• Textaktiviti kemasyarakatanaspek kemanusiaan...2 more

  Kajian sosio-ekonomi peneroka Melayu di tanah rancangan : Satu kajian kes di FELDA Tenggaroh Satu, Mersing, Johor

  Secara keseluruhannya, penulisan kertas projek ini adalah mengenai masyarakat peneroka dan kegiatan mereka di tanah rancangan. Dengan kata lain, kajian ini merupakan satu tinjauan mengenai aspek sosio-ekonomi peneroka FELDA dalam usaha memperbaiki taraf kehidupan mereka khususnya di FELDA Tenggaroh Satu, Mersing, Johor.
  
  Kandungan kertas projek ini telah menghuraikan teknik-teknik dan kaedah secara umum konsep pembangunan dan kemajuan yang sering digunakan dalam kajian mengenai sosio-ekonomi. Ia juga membincangkan aspek latar belakang peneroka yang menyertai tanah rancangan dan aktiviti-aktiviti mereka di FELDA.
  
  Selasin itu, kertas projek ini juga turut membincangkan aspek-aspek pertubuhan-pertubuhan, aktiviti kemasyarakatan peneroka dan kegiatan ekonomi mereka serta cabaran-cabaran yang diharungi oleh mereka. Penggunaan teknologi moden yang telah dijalankan adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil kelapa sawit dan juga keadaan hal ehwal semasa peneroka.
  
  Bab yang terakhir di dalam kertas projek ini merupakan kesimpulan yang diperolehi daripada kajian dan serba sedikit cadangan-cadangan yang dikemukakan bagi meninggikan lagi hasil kelapa sawit dan taraf sosio-ekonomi para peneroka FELDA khususnya di FELDA Tenggaroh Satu. Sekali gus pendapatan mereka dapat dipertingkatkan lagi.
• TextASEANChina's moves...1 more

  The Spratley dispute : Application of international law

  Presently, there are six countries, which are laying claim on the archipelago in the South China Sea. The Spratleys area is an important route for sea lines of communication and is believed to be rich in oil and other mineral deposits.
  
  The Philippines, which claims 53 islands and occupies eight of them, bases its claim on the theory of discovery, proximity and occupancy. China on the other hand claims the entire China Sea and calls it the "China Lake" on historical grounds and on the principles of discovery and occupation. Like China, Taiwan also claims the whole of China Sea on the same historical grounds and principle of occupancy. Vietnam, which supports its claims on the principle of accession or inheritance from France also, stands on the effective occupation and effective continuity of peaceful exercise of state authority entitled to sovereignty in the 21 islands they occupy. Malaysia and Brunei on the provision of the UNCLOS on the principle of proximity to the continental shelf.
  
  Despite the occasional saber rattling from China, all the claimant countries have expressed their desire to settle the Spratleys dispute in a peaceful manner. They employed both First Track (official) and Second Track (unofficial) processes to avert breaking into armed confrontations. Included in the Declaration on the South First Track process are the signing of the 1992 ASEAN China Sea Dispute otherwise known as the 1992 Manila Declaration; the Philippine-China Code of Conduct on the South China Sea; and the Bilateral Agreement between the Philippines and Vietnam. In the Second Track Process, the efforts include Indonesia's annual seminar workshops on "Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea"; transparency in the arms build and armed forces intentions of the claimant countries; exchange of military students and personnel visits; and other innovative confidence building measures like a soccer match in the Spratleys which is being proposed by the Philippines.
• Textfactors affect conflictsolutions...1 more

  The Spratly Islands disputes: An analysis

  With the end of the Cold War there is little doubt that China is the most important state in the East & Southeast Asia. This have somewhat altered the balance of power in the South China Sea. The withdrawal of the United States from Subic bay in the Philippines and the former Soviet Union from Cam Ranh bay in Vietnam base made the People Republic of China in the best position to take advantage of the power vacuum. It claims most of the area and argues that approximately 860,000 square kilometres of its territory has been encroached upon by other regional powers.
  
  As China begun to encroach further toward the ASEAN states the Spratly islands disputes became a regional conflict between China and her southern neighbours. The Spratly's are prized for their strategic location and the belief that they lie over one of largest oil fields in the world. All the disputants states are engaged in an attempt to control of as much of the archipelago as possible.
  
  Presently there remains many territorial conflict. In some aspect the Spratly Islands disputes are an extension of other territorial disputes between the claimant states and perpetuities of unfriendliness and distrust. The disputes over the Spratly's are in reality a competition for resources primarily rather than the islands itself. It is pressumed that there is abundant existence of potential resources, the strategic location of the islands relative to shipping and air transit that links the Indian ocean and the Pacific ocean give added advantage to the country who is in control of the islands. Hence, the disputes revolve around closely related issues such as sovereignty over the islands the maritime rights and the inherent interest over the sea around them. The conflict over economic resources and military development among the claimant countries. Indeed the South China sea is regarded as a flashpoint. The unsettled problem remains a major concern, the Spratly islands group in the north China sea has been identified as one of the potential flashpoint. This is due to the overlapping claims of China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Any attempt to further occupy any of the unoccupied islands and any attempt to eject or boot out the occupants of an island within the disputed area and accident or misinterpretations due to deployment by the claimants of military forces in the area may spark an armed confrontation.
• TextIntegrasi Nasionalzaman penjajahan...1 more

  The Malay defence system

  Alan Renswick dan Ian Swinburn dalam buku mereka (K.Ramanathan, 1987), "Basic political Concept", membahagikan kuasa kepada tiga bahagian iaitu kuasa politik, kuasa ekonomi dan kuasa ketenteraan. Kuasa politik ditakrifkan sebagai nadi penggerak utama dalam masyarakat dan tidak boleh digugat. Kuasa ekonomi pula disifatkan sebagai satu "compensatory power" di mana orang akan patuh kepada yang berkuasa dengan harapan mendapat satu ganjaran. Selanjutnya, kuasa ketenteraan adalah merupakan ukuran kepada kekuatan. Dalam konteks ini ketiga-tiga elemen di atas adalah berkait rapat antara satu dengan lain dan memberi sumbangan dan mempunyai pengaruh besar kepada Sistem Pertahanan sesebuah negara.
  
  Menyentuh tentang masyarakat negara kita Malaysia, komunitinya adalah terdiri daripada berbagai kaum yang kini menuju ke arah negara-bangsa (nation-state) yang berorientasikan perkongsian secara bersama di bawah wadah yang dikenali sebagai Integrasi Nasional. Melalui bukunya "Pentadbiran Awam: Asas pemikiran dan falsafah" (Ahmad Atory Hussain, 1990) tidak menyentuh langsung tentang Polisi Pertahanan Negara dan sehingga hari ini polisi tersebut tidak jelas tetapi sekurang-kurangnya mampu ditafsirkan di dalam Dasar Pertahanan Negara.
  
  Penerokaan terhadap kajian "Sistem Pertahanan Melayu: Mulai 1400 sehingga sekarang" tidak hanya dipandang kepada sudut keselamatan sahaja, tetapi juga turut merangkumi corak pemerintahan, kuasa politik dan sosioekonomi Melayu bermula dari zaman kegemilangan Kerajaan Melayu Melaka sehingga sekarang.
  
• Textpeace and stabilityregional cooperation...2 more

  Security Issues of South and South Pacific Nations

  The South Pacific Region stretches 17,000 km in longitude from Australia in the west to South America in the east and 7000 km latitude from equator to Antarctic Ocean. In addition to two metropolitan countries of Australia and New Zealand, there are nine other states namely Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Western Samoa. Another two, Niue and the Cook Island are self governing in free association with New Zealand. French Polynesia and New Caledonia are under compact free associations with US. The South Pacific region generally can be divided into three broad grouping: Melanesia in the west, Polynesia in the east and Micronesia in the north. The total land area of these island is 976,047 square kilometres. This paper will not go through the background of every nations in this region but only to certain country that have significant impact on the regional security and probably alien to ordinary reader.
• TextKesultanan Melayu MelakaPendudukan Jepun...1 more

  Sistem pertahanan Melayu sejak tahun 1400 sehingga tahun 1990-an

  Kajian "Sistem Pertahanan Melayu: Mulai 1400 sehingga sekarang" bukan sahaja dilihat dari sudut keselamatan atau berkaitan ketenteraan semata-mata. Malah ianya mencakupi skop yang lebih meluas yang merangkumi struktur dan bentuk pemerintahan, kuasa-kuasa politik, adat resam, budaya sosial, sosio-ekonomi dan tamadun Melayu secara keseluruhannya bermula sejak 1400 iaitu era keujudan Kesultanan Melayu Melaka hingga sekarang. Dalam erti kata yang lain kertas kajian ini mengkaji sejauh mana wujudnya ketuanan Melayu.
  
  Beberapa persoalan perlu difikirkan dengan warasnya dan dijawab oleh pembaca. Walau bagaimanapun tinggi atau teguhnya ketahanan dan tamadun Melayu, hakikatnya adalah bangsa Melayu mampu mempertahankannya daripada serangan dan pengaruh Barat. Barat bukan sahaja dapat merampas wilayah-wilayah Melayu secara fizikal tetapi ciri-ciri tamadun Melayu sendiri telah diserang dan dimusnahkan sehingga orang Melayu adanya yang tidak lagi kenal aspek-aspek tertentu dan tamadun Melayu. Tamadun sesuatu bangsa tidak terbentuk dalam sekelip mata. Oleh itu kita harus faham tamadun sesuatu bangsa mengambil masa yang lama mungkin beratus-ratus tahun untuk dibentuk.
  
  Penjajahan yang berlaku ke atas bangsa Melayu harus dijadikan iktibar dan pengajaran supaya kesilapan-kesilapan yang lalu dapat dihindarkan dari berulang lagi.
• Textintra-Korean relationsKorean war...1 more

  The Korean Peninsula : Prospect of Unification

  Korean peninsula had a long history of unification under Koryo and Chosan Dynasty before she was annexed by the Japanese in 1910. Although Korea was liberated from Japanese rule at the end of World War II, but she became the victim of Cold War ideological conflict that led to the formation of two separate states in 1948 divided along the 38th parallel. In the south, the Republic of Korea was formed while in the north, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was installed.
  
  The division of the peninsula was further consolidated when the North launched an attack to the South, which triggered the Korean War in 1950 and raged until 1953. However, the devastating conflict was ended by an armistice agreement signed on July 27, 1953 which established the Demilitarised Zone (DMZ) that now divides the peninsula. As a result, millions of Koreans were separated from their families, enmity and tension within the nation was created and the sense of national community that had been developed over several thousand years was destroyed. The mistrust between the South and the North became far more deeply entrenched.
  
  Since its division, there were numbers of intra-Korean talks, dialogues and negotiation has been put into placed. The first formal agreement, the Joint Communique between South and North Korea dialogue was signed in 1972 to pursue unification through independent effort, peaceful means and great national unity. Then followed by the Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-Aggression and Exchanges and Cooperation (commonly known as Basic Agreement) signed on February 1992 which define intra-Korean relations not being a relationship between states but a special interim relationship stemming from the process towards unification. In the same year also, Joint Declaration of the Denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula was signed as an effort to free the peninsula from any nuclear threat.
• Textpeace enforcementpeacekeeping partnership...1 more

  United Nations Peacekeeping : Future challenges

  Since the end of the Cold War the context and content of peacekeeping operations have radically changed. Peacekeeping has now become a lose concept, encompassing a bewildering range of country level, non-development activities and more and more intra-state in character. The United Nations (UN) is increasingly become involved in what are being termed as preventative or post-conflict peacebuilding measures.
  
  This paper provides a brief background to the Peacekeeping, Wider Peacekeeping and New Peacekeeping Partnership with particular reference of its security record in the light of its stated aims.
  
  Its also analyses the nature of contemporary peacekeeping, the environment in which it is used and the problems which the UN faces. It demonstrates that although the UN has adapted its organisation and approach to deal with the changes brought about by the end of the Cold War, it still confronts a variety of problems.
  
  By examining the UN in this way it has been possible to identify the specific military problems of peacekeeping and also the more general problems that face the UN and which impringe on the former. This paper offers some ideas and options with regard to how the UN can successfully reform to meet the challenges of peacekeeping in the future.
• Textdukunilmu perbomohan...3 more

  Sistem perubatan tradisional Melayu : Satu kajian di Kuala Lumpur

  Menurut sejarah, setiap bangsa memang mengamalkan ilmu perbomohan dalam kehidupan seharian mereka. Gejala perbomohan ini dikatakan telah bermula sejak beratus-ratus tahun dahulu. Di rantau Asia Tenggara dan Alam Melayu, kegiatan perbomohan merupakan satu perkara lumrah dalam kehidupan sebahagian penduduk.
  
  Bomoh yang merupakan individu terpenting dalam institusi perbomohan ini agak popular di kalangan masyarakat Melayu sejak dahulu lagi kerana merekalah yang telah memberi sumbangan kepada masyarkat sebelum perubatan moden diperkenalkan. Peranan bomoh amat diperlukan dalam kehidupan manusia, khususnya bagi masyarakat tradisi yang masih begitu menebal kepercayaanya terhadap perawatan secara tradisional. Sistem perubatan tradisional ini masih diamalkan oleh sebahagian besar masyarakat Melayu meskipun pengaruh perubatan moden hari ini telah meresap bukan sahaja ke kawasan-kawasan bandar, malah juga ke kampung-kampung.
• Textfaktor sosialisasiinstitusi keluarga...3 more

  Proses sosialisasi dalam masyarakat Melayu

  Kertas projek ini dibahagikan kepada empat bab. Dalam bab pertama, saya terus membincangkan dan menghuraikan apa yang disebutkan sebagai proses sosialisasi atau konsep bagi proses ini dan bagaimana ia dijalankan. Ia juga tidak ketinggalan menerangkan matlamat proses ini dan apa peranan yang dimainkan oleh agen-agen sosialisasi dalam proses ini dari segi faedah dan faktornya.
  
  Bab kedua adalah bab mengenai peringkat-peringkat kitaran hidup yang ditumpukan dalam proses sosialisasi. Saya telah membahagikan peringkat-peringkat tersebut kepada empat tahap iaitu dari tahap bayi, tahap kanak-kanak, tahap remaja sampai ke tahap dewasa. Pembahagian ini membolehkan kami melihat proses sosialisasi yang dialami secara terperinci.
  
  Manakala dalam bab ketiga pula saya cuba meneliti sejauh manakah faktor agama iaitu Islam telah mempengaruhi proses sosialisasi yang berlaku dalam masyarakat Melayu. Manakala bab keempat merupakan kesimpulan yang saya buat mengenai proses sosialisaso yang dijalankan dalam masyarakat Melayu.
• Textadat istiadatcara didikan anak...3 more

  Perkahwinan campur dalam masyarakat Melayu

  Bab pertama ialah pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan satu gambaran yang menyeluruh tentang objektif kertas projek ini serta latar belakang perkahwinan campur masyarakat Melayu di Malaysia. Seterusnya bab ini akan memberikan definisi konsep perkahwinan dan konsep perkahwinan campur serta klasifikasinya.
  
  Bab kedua menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mendorong serta menjayakan perkahwinan campur masyarakat Melayu. Antaranya ialah cinta, jodoh, matlamat yang sama, peka terhadap keperluan pasanganm tertarik dengan kebudayaan bangsa lain, semangat mengembara, keislaman pasangan, fikiran yang terbuka, persekitaran dan pergaulan, rupa paras dan fleksibiliti.
  
  Bab ketiga pula membincangkan masalah-masalah uang dihadapi dalam perkahwinan campur masyarakat Melayu. Masalah-masalah yang dibincangkan meliputi pelbagai perspektif. Antaranya ialah agama, penentangan ibu bapa, cara didikan anak, hubungan dengan keluarga asas, syak wasangka masyarakat, perasaan etnosentrik, pemakanan, pakaian dan adat istiadat.
  
  Bab keempat mengemukakan kesan-kesan yang timbul akibat daripada perkahwinanan campur dalam masyarakat Melayu. Kesan-kesan ini boleh ditinjau dari segi perubahan budaya dan perubahan sosial secara umumnya. Selain itu, ia juga dapat dilihat secara khusus dan terperinci dari segi kesan baik dan kesan buruknya.
  
  Akhir sekali ialah bahagian kesimpulan yang akan menyimpulkan segala konsep dan idea utama mengenai keempat-empat bab yang tersebut di atas tadi.
• Textasal usul orang Rawapantang larang...2 more

  Berjojak : Ritual terpenting dalam lingkaran hidup masyarakat Rawa

  Berjojak merupakan tradisi warisan masyarakat Rawa golongan Pantang Tanah. Ia adalah perkataan Rawa yang berasal dari perkataan 'jejak' iaitu menjejakkan kaki ke tanah. Bagi golongan Pantang Tanah, ritual ini dijalankan pada kali pertama bayi menjejakkan kakinya ke tanah. Ritual ini adalah satu proses yang mengiiringi proses lingkaran hidup masyarakat Melayu khususnya Melayu Rawa.
  
  Berjojak wijud dari kepercayaan golongan Pantang Tanah ini adalah dari keturunan raja. Justeri itu, mereka harus berpantang tanah dan ritual Berjojak perlu dijalankan untuk membatalkan pantang larang yang dikenakan kepada setiap individu. Ada pihak menganggap bahawa ia adalah ritual yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh unsur- unsur semangat dan kepercayaan animisme yang fanatik.
  
  Kepercayaan masyarakat Melayu yang lain terhadap upacara ini adalah berbagai; sebahagian golongan yang menerima dan sebahagian lagi menolaknya. Walaupun ianya dianggap menjadi amalan golongan Pantang Tanah, namun sebenarnya ia turut diamalkan oleh masyarakat Melayu lain. Perbezaannya hanyalah dari segi pengamalan, penggunaan peralatan dan kepercayaan terhadap kepercayaan tersebut.
  
  Secara ringkasnya kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan melihat amalan ritual golongan Pantang tanah yang dianggap sebagai upacara yang terpenting dalam kehidupan mereka. Kajian ini seterusnya juga akan membincangkan mengenai kitaran atau lingkaran hidup manusia. Huraian dibuat berkisar kepad upacara-upcara yang diamalkan dalam mengiiringi proses lingkaran hidup manusia. Kajian ini tidak memfokuskan kepada proses pembesaran hidup manusia. Sebahagian kajian ini meliputi lingkaran hidup masyarakat Rawa, perlaksanaan ritual, kepercayaan serta fungsi ritual tersebut.
• Textbilateral defence relationshipBITACG...2 more

  A study on defence cooperation between Malaysia and United States
  A Malaysian Perspective

  The relationship between Malaysia and United States has been going on for quite a number of years. Militarily, the relationship or cooperation has developed since 1960s. The defence cooperation between Malaysia and United States has grown into a matured and solid partnership. At present, BITACG are the links between both armed forces. This arrangement and program have and will continue to see greater cooperation and relationship between both nations. The future of this cooperation is also highlighted.
• Textpencegahanpenderaan isteri...3 more

  Keganasan rumah tangga : Suatu tinjauan terhadap keluarga Melayu di Malaysia

  Keluarga sebagai satu unit sosial yang funsional adalah sebuah keluarga yang mampu menjalankan sebahagian besar fungsi-fungsi yang dijangkakan. Fungsi-fungsi yang tersebut sebenarnya adalah berasakan satu sistem jangkaan yang mengatur perlakuan serta perhubungan sesama anggota keluarga. Setiap anggota keluarga adalah dijangka mematuhi sistem jangkaan ini dengan memainkan peranan seperti yang dijangkakan. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam zaman yang berubah, tidak semua fungsi yang dinyatakan tadi dapat dijalankan terutamanya apabila anggota-anggota keluarga tidak memainkan peranan yang sepatutya atau yang dijangkakan dari mereka. Keganasan rumah tangga merupakan contoh utama perlakuan yang menyimpang dari fungsi-fungsi yang sepatutnya dimainkan oleh anggota keluarga. Masalah ini telah menjadi faktor penting kelemahan institusi keluarga pada hari ini.
  
  Keluarga Melayu di Malaysia juga tidak terkecuali daripada dibelenggu masalah tersebut malahan jumlah kes yang dilaporkan yang membabitkan masyarakat Melayu kian meningkat dari tahun demi tahun. Justeru itu langkah pertama yang harus dilakukan adalah meneliti dan memahami secara mendalam mengenai latar belakang masalah, khususnya persoalan punca dan kesan terlebih dahulu sebelum sebarang tindakan susulan dapat dirumuskan. Tindakan susulan yang diambil pula harus mengambil kira konteks sosiobudaya masyarakat Melayu agar dapat menjamin keberkesannya.
• Textaccountability and financeexpand diplomacy...3 more

  United Nations: Issues and future challenges

  The United Nations is a noble experiment in human co-operation . In a world that remains divided by many and diverse interests and attributes, the United Nations strives to articulate an inclusive vision : community among nations, common humanity among people, the singularity of our one Earth. The Charter of the United Nations drafted with the searing experience of history's two most destructive wars fresh in mind, embraced each of these aspirations and provided institutional instruments for these pursuit.
  
  Even organisations with normal characteristics inevitably develop faults in their managerial and administrative structure over time. It is therefore hardly surprising that the United Nations, after fifty-four years of unprecedented global change should be in need of reform. As the Session of the General Assembly opened, a substantial number of member governments were convinced that such reforms were overdue. This paper analyses the current reform measures undertaken by various organs in the United Nations system.
  
  The fundamental objective of this reform effort is to narrow the gap between accomplishment and aspiration. Reforming the machinery of the United Nations is no substitute for the willingness of Governments to use the organisations, or can it, by itself, bridge the very real differences in interests and power that exist among Member States.
• TextDialog SerantauKerjasama Dua Hala...2 more

  Konflik tuntuan Kepulauan Spratly dari segi Undang-Undang Antarabangsa

  Tuntuan bertindih ke atas Kepulauan Spratly di Laut China Selatan merupakan salah satu isu yang begitu lama untuk diselesaikan bahkan segala proses untuk menyelesaikan masih tertangguh di peringkat meja rundingan negara China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Filipina dan Brunei merupakan negara yang terlibat secara langsung di atas perebutan kepulauan Spratly. China, Taiwan dan Vietnam menuntut Spratly berdasarkan kepada Undang-Undang Antarabangsa yang berasaskan penggembaraan dan pendudukan (discovery and occupation) manakala Filipina menuntutnya berdasarkan perolehan penemuan (prescriptive acquisition).
  
  Pada tahun 1982, Konvensyen Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu bagi Undang-Undang Laut (United Nation Convention on the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS III) telah memperkenalkan konsep Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif (Exclusive Economic Zone - EEZ) dan Pelantar Benua (Continental Shelf) dengan penetapan 200 batu nautika dan 12 batu nautika dalam lingkungan tuntutan wilayah laut. Malaysia dan Brunei menuntut sebahagian daripada wilayah kepulauan Spratly berdasarkan penetapan tersebut.
  
  Kertas kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengutarakan dan meneliti isu yang merangkumi asas-asas tuntutan bertindih Kepulauan Spratly dan membincangkan cara yang terbaik dalam menyelesaikan konflik tuntutan bertindih di Gugusan Spratly. Tuntuan Kepulauan Spratly merupakan salah satu isu yang begitu kompleks untuk diselesaikan secara mendalam khususnya dalam aspek Undang-undang Antarabangsa dan Undang-undang Laut yang melibatkan negara yang menuntutnya.
• Textenforcement agenciesimpact on security...4 more

  Piracy in Malaysian waters : Impact on security

  Piracy is as rife today as ever with over 192 attacks on shipping was recorded world wide from January to December 1998. Out of it, 93 happens in South China Sea and in the far east waters. According to Institute of Maritime Bureau (IMB) - Piracy Reporting Centre which is based in Kuala Lumpur, the numbers is far from true as nations, shipowners and individuals each has every reasons not to report or keeping the facts secret. Some of these attacks demonstrate the gratuitous cruelty and inhumanity which characterised the old time pirates, others are less bloody affairs involving attacks whilst the ship is at anchor and in harbour.
  
  Maritime organisations today are essentially advisory rather than disciplinary, however some countries have been pressured to handle piracy problems more strictly. Nonetheless the question of 'not in my own backyard' persist and the need for integrated, cohesive and consistent approach rather than a divisive and singular approach arises. Regional enforcement agencies are facing new challenges for enhancing enforcement capability in the midst of contracting capability development in the face of the currency crisis and the economic downturn in this region. The studies will trace back the beginning of piracy in South East Asia until the current day. It analyses the current situation focusing only on Malaysian waters, the impacts on Malaysia's security as well as the role of various Malaysian maritime organisations. The writer conclude that although piracy has no adverse impact on Malaysian security, but it bears unfavourable impact on the economy. It also concludes that piracy will always be a problem to be recognised (especially in Sabah coastal waters) not only by Malaysia but also by other ASEAN countries.
• TextPerdamaianPerjanjian...2 more

  Peperangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. : Satu analisa

  Kebanyakan Angkatan Tentera di dunia masa ini menggunapakaikan strategi, teknik dan taktik yang dikaji dalam peperangan dunia pertama dan kedua serta di masa perang dingin. Tidak banyak yang dipelajari mengenai peperangan-peperangan yang diterajui oleh Panglima-panglima Perang Islam khususnya Rasulullah S.A.W. sendiri, sedangkan kegemilangan serta keagungannya amat terserlah sehinggakan empayar Islam telah berkembang dan menakluk hampir 2/3 dari muka bumi ini. Namun demikian tanpa disedari strategi, teknik dan taktik peperangan Islam telah dikaji oleh kebanyakan strategist-strategist Barat dan diubah-suaikan untuk dijadikan prinsip peperangan moden masa kini.
  
  Apabila Allah S.W.T. telah membenarkan peperangan, pelbagai prinsip dan strategi telah ditunjukkan kepada Baginda Muhammad S.A.W. Justeru itu, peperagan Baginda merupakan satu konsep peperangan yang harus diikuti oleh tentera Islam untuk mengelakkan manusia daripada kehancuran dan kemusnahan. Ini adalah kerana peperangan di zaman Rasulullah S.A.W. mengikut lunas-lunas perundangan, peri kemanusian dan bukannya bersifatkan hasad dengki, balas dendam, angkuh dan sombong dengan kemampuan serta kebolehan yang dimilikinya.
  
  Oleh itu adalah amat penting kajian yang teliti lagi mendalam perlu dilaksanakan khususnya Angkatan Tentera negara-negara Islam agar kita sentiasa mematuhi unsur dan garis panduan yang ditetapkan oleh Islam melalui pertempuran-pertempuran oleh Baginda Rasulullah S.A.W. Dari itu, kajian ini dibuat adalah untuk menganalisa secara am apakah strategi, teknik, taktik dan lain-lain faktor telah digunapakaikan sehingga membawa kejayaan begitu cemerlang hingga menjadi ikutan oleh kebanyakan pemimpin tentera masa kini. Kegimilangan zaman kebangkitan Islam akan kembali menyinar sekiranya umat Islam sama-sama mengembleng fikiran dan tenaga menganalisa zaman perjuangan khususnya peperangan Rasulullah S.A.W. untuk digunapakai bagi negara Islam.
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  Dinamika masyarakat pendatang dari Afrika di Purworejo (The dynamics of immigrant people from Africa in Purworejo). By Endri Kusruri.

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  Authority and enterprise among the people of South Sulawesi. Edited by Roger Tol, Kees van Dijk and Greg Acciaoli.

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  Staying local in the global village : Bali in the twentieth century. Edited by Raechelle Rubinstein and Linda Connor.

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  Springs of fire, springs of tears. Edited by and translated by Thomas M. Hunter.

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  Voices in Bali : Energies and per ceptions in vocal music and dance theater. By Edward Herbst.

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  Batavia in nineteenth century photographs. By Scott Merrillees.

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  Studies in Sulawesi linguistics.
  Part V. Edited by David mead.
  Part VI. Edited by Wyn D. Laidig.

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  Fetish, recognition, Revolution. By James T. Siegel

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  Barong and rangda in the context of Balinese Religion

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  Music and ritual of pre-twentieth century origins in Manggarai, West Flores

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  Lovesick : illness, romance and the potrayal of women in low Malay novels from the Dutch East Indies

• Textilmukesihatan...2 more

  Wanita lebih berisiko osteoporosis

  Kajian Bone Health Alliance Malaysia(BHAM)mendedahkan bahawa satu daripada tiga wanita menopaus akan mengalami osteoporosis(tulang lemah),ini berlaku sebab risiko untuk mendapati osteoporosis semakin meningkat jika hormon wanita menopaus semakin berkurang.
• Textbanjirbencana alam...1 more

  Banjir: 22 sekolah di Terengganu ditutup

  Sebanyak 22 sekolah ditutup disebabkan banjir dan sekolah yang dijadikan pusat pemindahan sementara boleh memohon cuti bencana.
• TextPenghijrahan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.Penglibatan dalam peperangan...3 more

  Perjuangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Satu analisa

  Kepimpinan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. terserlah sejak di Kota Mekah iaitu semasa pemindahan Hajar al-Aswad ke tempat asalnya di Kaabah. Baginda juga telah mengenalkan sistem syara iaitu musyawarah dalam semua bidang terutama dalam bidang politik dan ekonomi. Sbeagai perancang ekonomi Baginda memperkenalkan dasar ekonomi baru bagi menggantikan dasar ekonomi zaman Jahiliah iaitu menggalakkan umat Islam bekerja keras, bergiat dalam pertanian dan perniagaan. Sebagai pemimpin, tentera baginda telah menunjukkan kepimpinan yang tinggi dan contoh yang baik di kalangan umat Islam pada ketika itu.
  Baginda menjadi pemimpin bagi setiap ekspedisi ketenteraan yang disertainya. Baginda sering mengamalkan sifat amanah dalam tugasnya sesuai dengan gelaran yang diterimanya iaitu "al-Siddiq, al-Amin".
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  19 sekolah di 6 negeri diancam bom palsu

  Selepas PDRM dimaklumkan bahawa perkara ini,PDRM segera bekerjasama dengan sekolah-sekolah yang terlibat untuk mengambil tindakan bagi mengosongkan premis-premis yang terlibat supaya keselamatan pelajar dijaminkan.
• TextCabaranhepatitis...3 more

  Jutaan orang berisiko hidap HIV, hepatitis

  Tamatkan AIDS laluan yang mencabar sebab kekurangan liputan rawatan dan satu kajian yang mengatakan bahawa tidak cukkup untuk mencegah, menghentikan atau membalikkan wabak HIV dan HCV.
• TextClausewitz's on warKorean war...1 more

  Between Sun-Tzu and Clausewitz : Asia and American Wars

  This paper examine the strategic ideas of Sun Tzu and Clausewitz and find out their works that have influenced the Asia-American wars that have occurred in Asia since the end of WWII.
  
  Sun Tzu was a famous military scientist and the one of the ablest commanders in ancient China. He wrote a book "The Art of War" which is now among the most thoughtful and comprehensive book on the strategies of war.
  
  Since 1945, there were three Asia-American wars namely the Korean War, the Vietnam War and Gulf War where the United Nations forces applied superior strength and advanced military technology. Korean War, in which the forces if the United Nations and of the Republic of Korean fought against that the Korean and Chinese communists who were aided by the Soviet Union, Vietnam War, The United States and some 40 other countries supporting Vietnam by supplying troops and munitors.
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  Gangguan haid petanda kanser dinding rahim

  Pengesanan awal kanser dinding rahim boleh selamatkan nyawa,selepas menjalani proses temu janji dan pengesanan simptom,pemeriksaan fizikal dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti kehadiran ketumbuhan pada bahagian leher,bahu payudara, ketiak dan abdomen,ujian imbasan ultrabunyi juga akan dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti ketebalan dinding rahim,saiz rahim ,kilang telur, juga kehadiran cairan dalam rongga pelvik.
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  Piracy in South China Sea-Sabah Coastal waters and its impact on security

  Piracy-including boarding, hijacking, detentions and robberies-remains a hidden but very real problem in many areas of the world. Estimates of the cost of piracy and maritime fraud range as high as 16 billion a year. Maritime piracy continues to proliferate worldwide. The estimated odds of attack are one in one thousand worldwide. In 1997, 229 attacks were reported. 1996 saw 228 attacks. Over 400 crewmembers were taken as hostages. Many worldwide average of reported incidents against fishing vessels accounts for only six percent of the total.
  
  Modern-day pirates using small fast craft have become more prevalent, bolder in their actions and use heavier weapons now than they did a decade ago. They are no longer just using small arms and knives and indulging in petty thefts. In some of the last documented attacks they used machine guns and grenades in hijacking vessels with their cargo. The pirates are sometimes grouping their resources and are being aided by powerful syndicates. Problems continue to be particularly significant in Southeast Asian waters. This paper will narrow down the scope to see the piracy problem in Sabah coastal and finding ways to control or curb if possible eradicate the problem.
• Textbudgetary challengesfuture emerging threats...2 more

  The United Nations Peacekeeping future challenges

  The United Nations Peacekeeping operation are the issues to be looked forward in future. The dilemma faced by the United Nations and its member-states are influenced by the activities in a world divided by nations-states and subject to the assymetries of political, economic and military power.
  
  Since the establishment, the UN has been involved in the endless regional conflicts. The United Nations, however is much more than a peacekeeper and forum for conflict resolution. Often without attracting attention, the United Nations and its family of agencies are engaged in a vast array of task that touches every aspect of people's live around the world.
  
  There are many international issue which are complex and potentially dangerous for the maintenance of peace and security in this world. The first operation, in the form of an observer mission, was created in the Middle East in the 1948, the first United Nations peacekeeping forces also created in the Middle-East in 1956 to maintain peace and security in the problem of Palestine, which arose from conflicting claims of the Arab and Jewish over the future status of the territory.
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  Military in nation building : With special reference to Malaysia

  Since Nation-State comes into being, men always strive to have a united nation of people. History witnesses this endeavor in many facts, the Nazi's and Serbian at one extreme and the liberal one on the other. Malaysia as a young Nation-State plural as it is, with the Malay as the main race does not resort to the approach of the Nazi or the Serb in her endeavor to become a nation of people. It has chosen to integrate the arrays of people into one but never it was an easy task however at the outset able to realize a society that is harmony and live as one entity identified as Malaysian. This success had been the contribution of many elements within, which not only had work hard toward the realization but also sacrifices a lot of their self interest. hence, therefore this paper discusses one of the significant elements that is the military roles and contribution toward the end.
  
  The approach adopted for this paper is descriptive discussion base on Malaysian experience in the endeavor base on previously documented experience and to some extend some undocumented experience of Military officer and civilian who had involved in the subject.
  
  This papers are divided into five chapters: the first introduce to subject on general terms of nation building in particular within the Southeast Asian nation. Second chapters unfold the variable that effect Malaysia quest in nation building. The third, dwell into the theoretical aspect of the subject attempt to survey why the military is involved. The forth describe the activities that are conducted by MAF in supporting the civil bureaucracy in nation building. Finally the fifth conclude the paper.
• TextNorth Korea Unification PolicyOrigin of the division...1 more

  The Korean Peninsula : Prospects for unification

  For nearly five decades Korean people in both halves of the country have been living under two diametrically different political and economic systems with little or no mutual contacts and communications. The Korean division is real and its reunification, ideal.
  
  Unification in the Korean Peninsula hinges on multitude of factors both internal and external. Internally, there is the different socio-economic and political systems, the different ideologies, the political elite's and many more. Externally. there is the traditional interest of the American, the Japanese, the Chinese and the Russian and all the peace-loving individuals, regional and global organisations.
  
  This study focus on the North and South Korea unification initiatives, policies and formulas offered since 1972. This research paper analyses various initiatives undertaken, policies and formulas offered by both the North and the South Korean towards peaceful reunification.
  
  Both the Korean has adopted various friendly policies and offered several formulas towards a peaceful reunification in the peninsula. There s no way of fathoming the real intentions of both policies, especially the north as the actions were in contradiction to the advocated policies. However, it is believed to be a good sign as consent for a dialogue, unthinkable during the early period of the division is a prospect towards an eventual peaceful unification.
• TextDomestic and regional implicationeconomy dimension...1 more

  United States Foreign Policy in the Middle East

  During the first half of the 1970's, major changers took place in the American Policy. Those changers reflected the shifts occurring in the global correlation of forces, the strengthen position of world socialism, the growing influence of the third world countries. The search for a comprehensive peace settlement in the Middle East has been a constant feature of American Policy. The change of administration at Washington (Republican took over from Democrats) coincide with a review of number of important foreign policy concepts which had guided this leading capitalist country for a quarter of century after World War II.
  
  US foreign policy in Middle East is of special importance to US because of the economic and military involvement in the region since the post Cold War. The importance of Middle East oil decided Washington's Middle East policy aimed at consolidating United States imperialist positions in this pivotal corner of the globe. The United States has mustered Israel as its own outpost in the area. It was because of United States military, economic and political support for Israel that the UN Security Council Resolution No 242 adopted in 1967 has not been enforced. Israel connected by multitude of strands with American Zionism and in effect, living off American provided support, continuous to be the main fool of American influence in the Middle East.
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  Security issues of South and South Pacific Nations

  South and South Pacific Nations constitutes one of the world's least important strategically during the cold war but the pattern begun to change especially in 1980s. The intrusion of Soviet Union into this region had alarmed and provoked the International observers. The United States presence was in response to Soviet Union interests in the region and subsequently the other external powers like Libya and French were also extended their interests. The political turmoil which seriously affected the South Pacific nations were occurred in the late 1980s where coup in Fiji, nationalists in New Caledonia which turned into violent and issues on Papua New Guinea/ Indonesia border. These phenomena welcome other external powers to increase their interest in this region.
  
  The first chapter introduces the background of the Pacific Island states that shaped their policies. The complexity of security is discussed in Chapter Two that emphasis on the changes in the South Pacific. The activities of Super Powers, Soviet Union and United States in the region are highlighted in chapter three. In chapter four, the writer examined the roles and activities of France in New Caledonia and Libya's interest in the region which alarmed in most parts of the regions and international leaders. The last chapter, in chapter five, analyzes two internal conflicts or issues in which the issues in which the issue on Papua New Guinea/ Indonesian border had alarmed the regional power Australia. Fiji coup is also highlighted in this chapter.
• TextPerang BadarPerang Bani al-Nadhir...4 more

  Peperangan Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. Satu analisa

  Sebagai panglima perang Nabi Muhammad S.A.W. telah menghadapi ancaman dari musuh-musuh Islam mahupun dari luar atau dalam negeri. Bagi menghadapi ancaman keganasan dan pencerobohan Rasulullah telah menyusun strategi peperangan yang mantap. Selain itu, Rasulullah melatih orang-orang Islam dalam kemahiran menggunakan senjata dan taktik peperangan. Selain berlatih berperang baginda telah membentuk tenteranya di dalam pembersihan jiwa dengan bertaqwa dan beriman kepada Allah. Dengan keimanan ini tenteranya mempunyai disiplin yang tinggi serta daya ketahanan mental dan fizikal yang sukar diperolehi oleh tentera musuh. Semasa memimpin tenteranya di medan perang Rasulullah S.A.W. menghadapi kesukaran tetapi dengan kebijaksanaan, ketaqwaan, kesabaran dan kecekapan maka malapetaka dapat dielakkan dan disebaliknya kemenangan dicapai.
  
  Oleh itu, amatlah penting bagi kita mempelajari dan memahami salasilah Rasulullah sebagai seorang manusia yang berdiri berhadapan kemungkaran dan kezaliman pada masa yang sama menyampaikan Risalah Allah. Beliau menghadapi segala tentangan, kesusahan, penyeksaan dan cercaan oleh bangsanya sendiri di Mekah tetapi Baginda menanggung semua itu dengan tabah dan sabar serta melayan musuh baginda dengan murah hati dan kasih sayang.