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  Anglo-Kedah Relations 1688-1765

  Anglo-Kedah relations between 1688 and 1765 were shaped by trade interests, diplomacy, and shifting regional power. The English East India Company sought access to Kedah’s resources and strategic ports, while Kedah’s rulers tried to balance foreign influence with local control. The relationship saw moments of cooperation and tension, reflecting the wider dynamics of colonial ambition and local sovereignty in the Malay world.