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Pakpak Batak communities in North Sumatra have been navigating cultural shifts influenced by modernization, migration, and changing religious identities. While many still uphold traditional customs and social structures, younger generations are…

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"Dalam seni ukiran, larangan menunjukkan makhluk bernyawa telah ditanggapi dengan sangat bijaksana oleh nenek moyang kita melalui penyamaran atau peng'abstrak'an bentuk seperti ukiran bingkai di Semenanjung dan Sumatera."

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