Browse Items · Rimbunan: Pangkalan Data Pengajian Melayu

Like other southern Orang Asli, Temuan have an ellaborate village political hierarchy, with seven...

"Like other southern Orang Asli, Temuan have an ellaborate village political hierarchy, with seven ranked leadership positions: batin, pemangku, jekara, jenang, penghulu balai, menteri, and panglima. The batin ("headman"), a male elder, has the most authority and prestige."

Text development orang asli

About 40 percent of Orang Asli today are rural peasants, not...

"About 40 percent of Orang Asli today are rural peasants, not deep forest dwellers. That percentage will increase as logging, "development," and forced "regroupment" advance into the interior. These people have economies partially devoted to subsistence and partially to supplying commodities and labor to the market economy."

Text kepercayaan orang asli

To maintain good relations with the superhumans, Batek...

"To maintain good relations with the superhumans, Batek communicated with them regularly through singing sessions in which shamans might go into trance and send their shadow-souls to visit the superhumans. At the beginning and end of fruit seasons, people built low platforms of tree bark on logs, covered by a huge lean-to-roof of thatch. There they sang to the superhumans, first, to ask for abundant fruit and, later, to thank them for sending it."

Text cina economy ...1 more

Orang Asli contact with Chinese is largely...

"Orang Asli contact with Chinese is largely economic. They sometimes sell products to Chinese middlemen, work in Chinese enterprises like tea estates, and buy things from Chinese shops. The only credit available to most Orang Asli is that which Chinese extend to people who work for or trade with them. Despite some exploitation, there is enough mutual benefit that business relationships between Chinese and Orang Asli are common throughout the Peninsula."

Text development economy ...1 more

The people who have lost the most from development in Peninsular Malaysia, however, are...

"The people who have lost the most from development in Peninsular Malaysia, however, are Orang Asli, the "original people" or "aborigines." Orang Asli have not only been left behing in the rising prosperity of the nation, their economic condition has deteriorated. They have been transformed from economically independent food and commodity producers to landless wards of the state, confined more and more to dusty regroupment villages where they eke out a living from casual wage-labor, rubber-tapping, and collecting rapidly dwindling supplies of forest produce for sale. This has happened despite the fact that a special government agency concerned with their welfare, the Department of Aboriginal Affairs (JHEOA), has existed since 1954."

Text orang asli technology

Pengenalan kepada teknologi di kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli pada...

"Pengenalan kepada teknologi di kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli pada masa kini telah membawa perubahan dan kemajuan besar dalam pembentukan satu komuniti yang maju setanding dengan masyarakat lain di Malaysia. Antara elemen penting dalam pemodenan ialah wujudnya penggunaan bahan tenaga seperti elektrik. Dengan wujudnya banyak kekangan kemudahan dan modal, penggunaan janakuasa dan sistem solar dikenalpasti sebagai sumber tenaga elektrik yang kini digunapakai di kawasan pedalaman hutan sekitar Banjaran Titiwangsa, Pahang."

Text orang asli Pendidikan

Setiap sekolah di perkampungan Orang Asli dibekalkan dengan guru-guru...

"Setiap sekolah di perkampungan Orang Asli dibekalkan dengan guru-guru terlatih daripada KPM. Setakat ini, atas faktor keselamatan dan kesesuaian, hanya guru-guru lelaki sahaja yang dihantar dan mereka merupakan lepasan maktab pergurusan. Guru-guru ini pula datangnya dari pelbagai negeri dan majoritinya adalah Melayu. Selain itu, keutaamaan juga diberikan kepada guru-guru daripada kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli sendiri untuk menjadi guru di sini."

Text kepercayaan kristian ...1 more

Hanya penduduk Kampung Lanai sahaja yang menganuti agama...

"Hanya penduduk Kampung Lanai sahaja yang menganuti agama Kristian di sepanjang laluan Jerry '02. Mereka telah dikristiankan tiga tahun lalu oleh seorang mubaligh Kristian. Mereka menyertai kristian secara beramai-ramai. Sebelum menganuti agama Kristian mereka mengamalkan kepercayaan animisme dan berpegang teguh kepada kepercayaan nenek moyang mereka sahaja. Terdapat 108 orang penganut agama Kristian di kampung ini dan lebih 40 orang terdiri daripada orang dewasa."

Text infrastruktur orang asli ...1 more

Masyarakat Orang Asli sangat mengharapkan...

"Masyarakat Orang Asli sangat mengharapkan kemudahan infrastruktur sampai ke kampung mereka. Mereka mahu pihak kerajaan menyediakan prasarana-prasarana seperti jalan raya, kemudahan telefon dan sebagainya yang dapat memperbaiki kehidupan mereka. Sekiranya kemudahan infrastruktur ini dapat dipertingkatkan, sudah tentu kehidupan mereka bertambah baik."

Text Ekonomi orang asli

Sebahagian besar penduduk di perkampungan Orang Asli di...

"Sebahagian besar penduduk di perkampungan Orang Asli di sepanjang laluan balak dan denai bermula dari Kuala Boh sehingga ke Kuala Medang menjalankan aktiviti memancing dan pemburuan. Mereka memancing di sungai-sungai berhampiran seperti di Sungai Koyan untuk dijadikan bahan makanan. Antara peralatan yang digunakan untuk memancing adalah peralatan tradisional seperti bubu, lukah/jala. Jenis ikan yang bhiasa mereka peroleh adalah baung, kealh dan sebagainya."

Text orang asli perkahwinan

Mengikut adat lama, ada di antara mereka telah ditentukan jodohnya sejak...

"Mengikut adat lama, ada di antara mereka telah ditentukan jodohnya sejak dari kecil melalui ikatan pertunangan. Bagi pertunangan yang dilakukan semasa kecil lagi, biasanya berlaku di kalangan keluarga dan saudara mara yang rapat. Terdapat juga pasangan yang berkahwin campur iaitu percampuran antara dua suku kaum. Jika keadaan ini berlaku, pihak lelaki akan memasuki suku kaum perempuan. Sebagai contoh, jika pihak perempuan dari suku kaum Semai, suami dan anak-anaknya juga akan menjadi suku kaum Semai. Pemilihan calon menantu adalah berdasarkan kepada kriteria tertentu. Bagi memilih calon menantu lelaki, lelaki tersebut hendaklah rajin dan kuat bekerja, pandai membuat rumah, bijak menjerat binatang, pandai menangkap ikan, boleh membuat nyiru serta pandai mengasap kemenyan sekiranya anaknya demam atau sakit. Manakala bagi menantu perempuan pula mestilah rajin ke ladang menggali ubi, rajin mengutip sayur, memasak nasi, mencari kayu api, pandai menganyam tikar, boleh menampi padi serta bijak mengendalikan rumah tangga."

Text Ekonomi Kewangan ...2 more

Kebanyakan Orang Asli di sini bekerja dengan...

"Kebanyakan Orang Asli di sini bekerja dengan jabatan kerajaan seperti Jabatan Kerja Raya; Jabatan Bomba dan beberapa jabatan lain. Selain itu, mereka juga bekerja dalam industri pelancongan dan sesetengahnya pula mula mengambil peluang untuk membuka tanah pertanian secara komersial. Terdapat juga Orang Asli yang bekerja di Kilang Boh bersama-sama dengan warga India, Nepal dan Bangladesh. Kebanyakan Orang Asli bekerja hanya untuk tujuan sara diri walaupun bekerja di sekitar Tanah rata. Apa yang dimaksudkan di sini ialah, gaji yang mereka perolehi untuk bulan tertentu akan dihabiskan dalam masa beberapa hari sahaja, tidak untuk tujuan simpanan bagi persediaan masa tua."

Text cina Melayu ...1 more

Sepanjang laluan antara Robinson Fall sehingga Kuala Medang, tidak terdapat penempatan orang Cina kerana...

"Sepanjang laluan antara Robinson Fall sehingga Kuala Medang, tidak terdapat penempatan orang Cina kerana kawasan tersebut adalah kawasan pedalaman yang didiami oleh Orang Asli. Namun begitu, kadangkala orang Cina akan masuk ke kawasan tersebut atas beberapa urusan contohnya jual beli dan sebagainya. Kuala Medangh merupakan satu kawasan tanah rendah yang menjadi tumpuan kepada kebanyakan penduduk Orang Asli di pedalaman. Majoriti kaum di sini adalah masyarakat Melayu. "

Text alam sekitar orang asli ...1 more

Sungai yang menjadi nadi kehidupan kepada masyarakat Orang Asli di...

"Sungai yang menjadi nadi kehidupan kepada masyarakat Orang Asli di kawasan ini juga turut tercemar terutamanya dari Sungai telum ke Kuala Medang. Pencemaran ini berpunca dari pembangunan dan kegiatan pertanian di bahagian atas Cameron Highlands yang mengakibatkan struktur tanah bukit tersebut mengalami hakisan dan jatuh ke dalam sungai. Keadaan ini menyebabkan air sungai berwarna coklat kemerahan seperti 'air teh susu' yang agak pekat. Ia menjejaskan keindahan sungai tersebut dan menggugat potensi pelancongan yang ada padanya. Sungai-sungai di kawasan ini direntangi dengan jambatan atau titi yang diperbuat daripada buluh dan rotan yang tidak kuat struktur binaanya untuk menjadi laluan penduduk dan pelancong yang datang ke kawasan ini."

Text maksud orang asli

Carey (1976) mentakrif 'asli' adalah daripada perkataan...

"Carey (1976) mentakrif 'asli' adalah daripada perkataan Arab iaitu Asali atau Original. Semasa pemerintahan British Orang Asli di panggil Sakai, manakala orang Inggeris memanggil masyarakat Orang Asli sebagai aborigines. Menurut Jasman Ahmad dan Rosnah Ramli (1997), istilah aborigines lebih membawa makna sebagai masyarakat mundur, primitif dan masih tidak membangun. Kerajaan Malaysia telah menukar istilah tersebut kepada Orang Asli yang lebih menjurus kepada kehidupan yang moden dan tidak menyentuh sikap negatif masyarakat tersebut."

Text Ekonomi kemiskinan ...2 more

Kajian mendapati bahawa aspek kemampanan yang dinyatakan pada set penunjuk sebenarnya sudahpun diamalkan oleh komuniti Orang Asli di...

"Kajian mendapati bahawa aspek kemampanan yang dinyatakan pada set penunjuk sebenarnya sudahpun diamalkan oleh komuniti Orang Asli di kawasan kajian sejak dahulu lagi. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat amalan semasa yang mapan dan ada yang tidak mapan, tetapi yang pastinya ialah komuniti Orang Asli tidak mahu terus hidup dalam keadaan yang serba daif dan kekurangan. Penglibatan mereka dalam kegiatan ekonomi hanya terbatas kepada sektor tenaga buruh yang menawarkan upah yang rendah sehinggakan tidak mampu menarik mereka keluar daripada cengkaman kemiskinan dan kemelaratan hidup."

Text moden orang asli ...2 more

Berdasarkan input daripada hasil analisis, kajian literatur, dan perbincangan dengan penduduk...

"Berdasarkan input daripada hasil analisis, kajian literatur, dan perbincangan dengan penduduk tempatan, penulis mencadangkan satu bentuk kerangka strategi pembangunan yang menitikberatkan penerapan unsur serta amalan semasa yang mapan terhadapt cadangan strategi pembangunan, sebagaimana terkandung dalam agenda utama pembangunan masyarakat Peribumi dan Orang Asli pada peringkat antarabangsa. Walau bagaimanapu, hasil daripada kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengamalan ilum pengetahuan tradisional sahaja adalah tidak cukup dalam memastikan sesebuat komuniti itu kekal mapan. Dengan itu, amalan kemapanan daripada ilmu pengetahuan tradisional dan pendekatan moden terutama dalam bidang sosioekonomi perlu disepadukan demi mewujudkan sebuah komuniti Orang Asli yang mapan."

Text kepercayaan orang asli

Dari segi budaya hidup, komuniti Orang Asli di kawasan kajian masih...

"Dari segi budaya hidup, komuniti Orang Asli di kawasan kajian masih mepertahankan kepercayaan terhadap semangat yang berkaitan rapat dengan unsur alam semula jadi dan kuasa ghaib. Kepercayaan ini ialah warisan yang diterima dan diamalkan secara turun-temurun. Persoalan sekarang, bagaimanakah aspek sosiobudaya dan kepercayaan dalam komuniti wujud dan berkembang? Menurut Penghulu Karim bin Busu, kehidupan nenek moyang sebagai pengembara di hutan banyak mengajar mereka tentatng erti keperitan hidup dalam mencari rezeki yang hanya bergantung kepada sumber hutan dan tanah untuk bercucuk tanam. Mereka percaya bahawa setiap benda yang wujud bersama-sama mereka mempunyai semangat atau roh, dan mereka perlu menghormati unsur tebabit demi membentuk kehidupan yang harmoni."

Text Isu orang asli ...1 more

Berdasarkan temu bual dengan...

"Berdasarkan temu bual dengan Guru Besar Sekolah Kebagsaan Pos Kuala Mu, Hj. Ahmad bin Mohd. Saad (51 tahun) yang bertugas lebih 10 tahun di situ, sesungguhnya minat belajar di kalangan anak Orang Asli masih berada pada tahap yang kurang memuaskan, walaupun menunjukkan sedikit peningkatan berbanding ketika beliau mula bertugas di sekolah tersebut pada tahun 1991. Kepincangan ini turut didorong oleh faktor persekitaran, misalnya ibu bapa yang tidak begitu mengambil berat tentang perkara yang berkaitan dengan pelajaran serta tiada tekanan atau desakan untuk berubah. Cara hidup yang masih tertumpu kepada hutan untuk menampung keperluan hidup mendorong ramai anak Orang Asli berhenti sekolah lebih awal untuk mengikut bapa mereka pergi ke hutan bagi mencari rotan atau membantu mengusahakan ladang ubi dan padi bukit."

Text orang asli sejarah

Sejarah Orang Asli di Perak boleh dijelaskan berdasarkan...

"Sejarah Orang Asli di Perak boleh dijelaskan berdasarkan beberapa tempoh masa tertentu, yang meliputi zaman awal atau prasejarah, zaman kerajaan awal (protosejarah) dan Kesultanan Melayu Perak, penjajahan British dan Jepun, era pergerakan komunis, dan era kemerdekaan negara. Kajian literatur yang dilakukan terhadap pelbagai sumber dan rekod sejarah menunjukkan bahawa sejarah dan latar belakang masyarakat Orang Asli di Perak gagal memperoleh perhatian yang sewajarnya (JHEOA Kuala Kangsar, 2005)."

Text orang asli Senoi

Orang Senoi ialah kumpulan Orang Asli yang...

"Orang Senoi ialah kumpulan Orang Asli yang terbesar, yang merangkumi 54 peratus jumlah penduduk Orang Asli Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (JHEOA, 2003; Nicholas, 2000). Mereka dipercayai berasal daripada keturunan bangsa Monggol, yang berasal dari utara dan berhijrah ke Semenanjung Tanah Melayu sekitar tahun 2000 Sebelum Masihi (Nicholas, 2000). Secara fizikal, orang Senoi mempunyai sedikit perbezaan berbanding orang Negrito, iaitu berbadan tinggi, berkulit lebih cerah dengan rambut beralun dan tidak keriting."

Text ilmu orang asli

Kehidupan Orang Asli tidak dapat dipisahkan daripada...

"Kehidupan Orang Asli tidak dapat dipisahkan daripada alam semula jadi. Hubungan erat yang terjalin sejak beratus tahun lalu membolehkan Orang Asli terus hidup dalam keadaan yang harmoni dan menghormati alam sekitar. Cara hidup yang dibentuk menerusi interaksi ini dikenali sebagai sistem ilmu pengetahuan peribumi (Pulido dan Bocco, 2003). Menurut Ylhaisi (2003), sistem ilmu pengetahuan peribumi ialah proses pembelajaran yang panjang, yang mengalami proses cuba dan jaya serta menerusi penyampaian lisan secara berhati-hati dari satu generasi ke generasi seterusnya. Himpunan ilmu mencakupi hampir keseluruhan sistem hidup komuniti, dan hasilnya ialah sebarang tindakan hanya akan dibuat setelah mengambil kira stok sistem semula jadi dan kemampuan penghasilan semula oleh alam. Ilmu yang terkandung dalam sistem ini berbentuk holistik, yang merangkumi ilmu saintifik iklim, hidrologi, tanah-tanih, tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan haiwan (Pulido dan Bocco, 2003; Loomis, 2000)."

Text falsafah orang asli ...1 more

Strategi pembangunan komuniti Orang Asli pada...

"Strategi pembangunan komuniti Orang Asli pada masa kini digubal selaras dengan falsafah pembangunan luar bandar yang mementingkan peningkatan kualiti hidup penduduk dan membasmi kemiskinan menerusi program dan usaha ke arah mencapai matlamat menjadikan kawasan luar bandar maju, menarik, dan menguntungkan (Sunaidin, 1997)."

Text ilmu orang asli

Orang Asli ialah komuniti yang terbukti kaya dengan...

"Orang Asli ialah komuniti yang terbukti kaya dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan tentang pengurusan alam semula jadi. Kehebatan komuniti tersebut ternyata berpunca daripada generasi terdahulu. Keserasian cara hidup yang begitu harmoni dengan alam sekitar membolehkan mereka mengenal pasti tanah yang sesuai untuk bertani, hasil hutan yang bermanfaat, dan pemuliharaan yang berkesan demi menghormati sumbangan alam terhadap kehidupan mereka (Rusli Zaenal, 2002)."

Text hikayat orang asli ...1 more

The whole of the Hikayat Awang Sulong Merah Muda is about Orang Asli, or...

"The whole of the Hikayat Awang Sulong Merah Muda is about Orang Asli, or rather a tribe of the Orang Asli who migrated from Terengganu to the west coast and made their home at place a place which, according to the description given, is near Gunung Ledang on one side and Mengkalih (Johor\0 on the other. There was already a community there when Awang Sulong's parents arrived, and the people of that community must have been Orang Asli, as there were five batin as chiefs. It is not only the word batin, but also the names used by these people that indicate that they were Orang Asli. As we go further into the narrative, we get the idea that there were two different Orang Asli tribes - one with brown skin where the protagonist, Awang Sulong Merah Muda, belonged to; the other of black skin. The aspect of this narrative that is important to our study is the migration of Orang Asli from the east coast of the peninsula to the west coast, as this coincides with the story told by the Jakun of Alor Gajah to Abdullah Munshi. As Awang Sulong is believed to be a Muslim, an inference can be made that his tribe of Orang Asli must have been absorbed into the Malay race."

Text orang asli

Kensiu-Kentak, Temiar and Semai provide evidence of...

"Kensiu-Kentak, Temiar and Semai provide evidence of the presence of nasal plosion. There seems to be more of this phonological feature in Kensiu-Kentak, compared to the other two, in terms of types as well as in the examples for each type."

Text orang asli

In order to get a better of picture of Lanoh, we...

"In order to get a better of picture of Lanoh, we applied the lexicostatiscal test on this language and Kensiu-Kentak. The latter was chosen because in Baling, before the migration of the tribes to Perak, Lanoh lived in the same area or settlement as the Kensiu and the Kentak Bong. The percentage score of cognates is only 28%, clearly showing that they belong to different groups."

Text orang asli

Benjamin's division into the three groups of Aslian...

"Benjamin's division into the three groups of Aslian languages - Northern, Central, and Southern - is based on the cognate percentages obtained. His calculation shows model cognacy rates of 47% for Northern Aslian, 37% for Central Aslian, and 38% for Southern Aslian."

Text orang asli population

The Jah Hut is also a small tribe, and...

"The Jah Hut is also a small tribe, and they are all found in Pahang. Writing in 1976, Carey says there were about 2000 of them, a figure which does not seem to show any increase from the onw given in the census of 1969. Carey also writes that there is cultural affinity between the Jah Hut, and another much smaller tribe, the Che Wong (1976, p.132)."

Text bahasa orang asli

As knowledge concerning the Austroasiatic Orang Asli...

"As knowledge concerning the Austroasiatic Orang Asli is available mostly in the works of anthropologists, it is to be expected that their findings and conclusions on the division of these peoples into various tribes are accepted and used by the Malaysian government. Austronesian, is given in the 2014 cencus of these peoples as shown in Table 5.1 in this chapter. The three divisions consisting if Negrito, Senoi, and Melayu-Proto are linguistically relevant in the sense that they also represent three different linguistic groups."

Text bahasa orang asli

Compared to the Austronesian Orang Asli...

"Compared to the Austronesian Orang Asli, there are fewer records of the Austroasiatic counterpart. The Orang Asli recorded in Hikayat Abdullah in Singapore and Melaka were those of the Austronesian family. According to Benjamin (1968, p. 1), "there are virtually no historical records of any value" of their settlement in the hill areas of northern Malaya. Archeologists and historians have pictured their arrival and settlement using clues in the form of archaelogical artefacts found in Perak, Kelantan and Pahang. But we will leave the archaelogical facts aside as it is not within our expertise."

Text bahasa orang asli

Also from the result of the lexicostatistical test, Duano...

"Also from the result of the lexicostatistical test, Duano is found to be a language in its own right, not a dialect of Malay as claimed by certain scholars (e. g. Mohd Sharifuding, 2013). This finding contradicts another claim that there is no non-Malayic Austronesian language in the Malay Peninsula. Duano has proven to be one such language, although its arrival in the peninsula is probably relatively recent."

Text Austronesia bahasa ...1 more

So far we have been using the concepts of "Malayic"...

"So far we have been using the concepts of "Malayic" and "non-Malayic" in our reference to the Austronesian Orang Asli. The two concepts signal proximity and distance respectively between these speech systems and Malay. There is no definite percentage score in the cognates as a value in determining whether a particular language is Malayic or non-Malayic. The two terms came into being when linguists working on Austronesian languages encountered speech systems which are close to Malay, or sound almost like Malay, but are not dialects of Malay."

Text Austronesia bahasa ...1 more

The term "language" used here is...

"The term "language" used here is one that is general in nature, i. e. a speech system that is the medium of communication of a particular community. With the meaning given, a speech system can be a language or a dialect of the language. Hence, the Jakun language is that of the Jakun, the Seletar language that of the Orang Seletar, and so on. However, as these languages have been placed in the category of Malayic, meaning that they have a close affinity with Malay, the question arises is: How close are these speech systems to Malay?"

Text Asia Tenggara Islam ...2 more

Hikayat Awang Sulong Merah Muda is an epic tale...

"Hikayat Awang Sulong Merah Muda is an epic tale of a scion of an Orang Laut family who rose to become the Sultan of Semarang, Java through his marriage to a Javanese princess. This part of the tale may not have any historical truth, but what comes out of the story is the existence of Orang Asli communities throughout the west coast of the Malay Peninsula from Kedah right down to Johor. The whole story pictures each Orang Asli community in each place ruled by chiefs, known as Batin. None in the story bears a Muslim name, but in their invocations they use the name of Allah and verses from the Quran."

Text orang asli orang laut

The Adang archipelego consists of several islands in the...

"The Adang archipelego consists of several islands in the Andaman Sea, and the biggest of them all is the one that bears the name "Pulau Adang". The Urak Lawoi' inhabit only three of these islands, and these are Pulau Adang, Pulau Lipe', and Pulau Rawi, all of which are close to the mainland, the Province of Satun, and 64 nautical miles to Malaysia's Langkawi Islands in the south."

Text orang asli sejarah

According to Malay texts, the Orang Seletar...

"According to Malay texts, the Orang Seletar have their kinsmen in the Riau-Lingga Archipelago. This group of islands as well as Singapore were once part of the Malay Johor-Riau empire. Singapore was ceded to the British in 1819. And following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty or 1824, the whole of Riau-Lingga Archipelago came under Dutch rule and later part of Indonesia."

Text orang asli

There may be several factors for the stark difference in the population figures for the Kanak...

"There may be several factors for the stark difference in the population figures for the Kanak, and the Jakun and Temuan. One is that even from the beginning of their settlement in Malaya, the Kanak were a much smaller group compared to the other two. This can be deduced from historical records that they were a small group who split from their community in the islands south of Singapore and came to Johor about 200 years ago (Carey, 1976). On the other hand, the other two groups had arrived much earlier than them, and had a much longer period of time to build their communities in more than one location, compared to the Kanak whose settlement is restricted to Bukit Tinggi, Johor."

Text orang asli

The Malaysia must have known the Jakun...

"The Malaysia must have known the Jakun from earlier times, by the very name Jakun. In Malay idioms, anything that refers to an aspect of folkways that was considered unMalay, or deeply rural, was said to be "Jakun". This idiom is no longer in use, for two reasons. Firstly, the Malays themselves have realised that it is rude and crude to use such langauge, and parents as well as editors of publications have taken unto themselves to see that expressions that denigrate a particular group, not just the Jakun, are wiped out of usage. Secondly, people's perception as transmitted by such idioms does not reflect the Jakun of today who have come out of the jungles and live in settlements next to the Malays and other races of Malaysia, with some in the urban or semi-urban centres."

Text orang asli orang laut

The people earn their common-noun...

"The people earn their common-noun label "sea-gypsies" due to their way of life of living in wooden boats (the kabang) and temporary huts, and foraging for food. The fish they catch from the sea using nets are for their own consumption, and mostly for the purpose of bartering for other goods in the local markets. Hogan writing in 1972 gives an interesting account of the Moken and Moklen, as he does for the Urak Lawoi'."

Text kepemimpinan orang asli ...1 more

Malay texts tell of...

"Malay texts tell of the existence of suku or tribes. Each suku is identified with a batin or a penghulu, who got into the good books of the Sultan and was awarded with a maritime region out of which he could build his authority and wealth. Hence, a penghulu or a batin was identified with a region, no matter how small it was. So the highest level was occupied by the chiefs, some of whom bore the title of Raja, or Tok (short form of Datuk or Datu)"

Text Malaysia orang asli

The question of whether the Orang Asli were the first...

"The question of whether the Orang Asli were the first to step foot on the Malay Peninsula has been a moot point among scholars of the history of the peninsula. However, as explained in Chapter 1, there is good reason for retaining the term in Malaysia. As linguistics, Ferdinand de Saussure, which says that language is arbitrary and conventional, and from there to a later theory which says that language is relative, never absolute. On the coining of the term Orang Asli, we believe it was done in full consciousness with the objective of making the people bond with the other Bumiputra."

Text orang asli orang melayu

The Land Orang Asli...

"The Land Orang Asli consisting only of the Jakun, the Kanak and the Temuan, are found only in the Malay Peninsula. It has been the tradition among scholars when writing about them to place them in the umbrella group of the Malayan aborigines, who are divided into the three categories of Negrito, Senoi and Proto-Malays. The last category is used to differentiate them from the other Malays (who are given the label "Deutero-Malays")."

Text orang asli

"Orang Asli" is a term used only...

""Orang Asli" is a term used only in Malaysia to refer to the aborigines. In Malaysia's view they are an integral part of the peoples of Malaysia, just like the other indigenous (Bumiputra) groups (Figure 1.1), and if there are orang Melayu, orang Iban, orang Kadazandusun etc., so there are Orang Asli. The only difference is that both the components in the lexical item Orang Asli have to be written with uppercase 'O' and 'A', and Asli (an adjective) cannot stand on its own as a label to a group of people. The grammatical cohesion of these two components in conveying a specific meaning is so tight that they have to be given equal treatment in graphic presentation."

Text gaya hidup orang asli ...1 more

Conditions have changed...

"Conditions have changed since the last decades of the 20th century. There are no hunters and gatherers any more. The people can choose to stay put in the jungle areas where they used to live, or to re-locate to housing areas outside their erstwhile natural environments, such that they are closer to the other communities, such as the Malays and the Chinese. Either way, houses are built for them by the government through the Department of Orang Asli Affairs."

Text orang asli orang melayu

Given our understanding of the origin of the word sakai...

"Given our understanding of the origin of the word sakai as outlined above, we are not able to agree with Couillard's opinion that the word has its source in Sanskrit sakhi with the meaning "friend, companion, comrade" (quoted from Dentan et al., p. 52) The Sanskrit word and its meaning is correct, but it is unlikely that it had been borrowed by Malay speakers into their language to convey a meaning which is already found in a number of native words such as "kawan, rakan, teman, saingan"."

Text bumiputera orang asli ...3 more

The term Bumiputra in...

"The term Bumiputra in the Malaysian sense can be translated into "indigenous" or "native". In the figure above, the Orang Asli are indigenous people together with Malays and the Non-Malay Bumiputera. At the same time, there is also the sense given to the term "indigenous peoples", who are defined as "a special kind of ethnic minority" (in Maybury-Lewis and MacDonald, in Denton at al., 1997, p. viii) - a definition not in line with that given in the Oxford Dictionary quoted above which gives indigenous as equivalent to native."

Text orang asli orang laut

Orang Asli (original people) is...

"Orang Asli (original people) is a Malay term currently in use for small ethnolinguistic groups living on mainland Malay Peninsula and the islands around it. It is a direct translation of the English word aborigines, but this label was strictly used by the British to refer only to those living on the mainland. Those living in the islands and roamed the seas were seen as a separate group and were called "sea-people" or "sea-gypsies"."

Text kemajuan orang asli ...1 more

The new policy...

"The new policy which involved the establishment of jungle forts was undoubtedly, a great improvement upon resettlement, but there were of course a number of setbacks and difficulties and mistakes continued to be made. For example, as late as 1957, it was decided to remove a group of about 200 Temiar from their natural environment on the Kelantan-Perak watershed."

Text Ekonomi orang asli ...1 more

The third important task...

"The third important task of the Department for Orang Asli Affairs is to improve the living standards of the Orang Asli. This has primarily affected the groups living outside the deep jungle, in the more accessible areas of the country. The Department for Orang Asli Affairs has constructed a large number of 'pattern settlements' to encourage economic development. The formation of a typical pattern settlement includes the building of new dwelling houses, the provision of a water supply, the planting of land with rubber and fruit trees, the construction of a school and of a community hall, and various other facilities including sanitation."

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