Browse Items · Rimbunan: Pangkalan Data Pengajian Melayu

Sekolah-sekolah telah dibina di kawasan-kawasan...

"Sekolah-sekolah telah dibina di kawasan-kawasan Pos Keselamatan dan guru-guru yang mengajar adalah terdiri daripada kakitangan JHEOA. Pada tahun 1953, sekolah pertama bagi anak-anak Orang Asli telah didirikan di Batu 3, Jalan Cameron Highland yang dikenali sebagai The William Hunt Aboriginal Memorial School. Tujuan utama penubuhan sekolah ini adalah untuk membolehkan anak-anak Orang Asli membaca dan mengira di samping memenangi hati mereka daripada dipengaruhi oleh gerakan komunis yang menentang kerajaan."

Perkara utama yang menjadi...

"Perkara utama yang menjadi kekurangan dalam kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli hari ini adalah kemahiran keibubapaan. Mereka masih lagi mengamalkan kemahiran keibubapaan tradisi bersesuaian dengan anak-anak yang tidak terdedah kepada pemodenan. Tetapi situasi hari ini berbeza dengan anak-anak Orang Asli turut terdedah kepada pemodenan dan perkembangan pelbagai media seperti internet dan astro. Senario ini memerlukan kemahiran keibubapaan yang baru, dan hal ini masih tidak wujud dalam kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli."

Text orang asli pembangunan ...1 more

Sejak mencapai kemerdekaan, perhatian...

"Sejak mencapai kemerdekaan, perhatian telah diberikan untuk memajukan pendidikan dalam kalangan masyarakat Orang Asli. Pada peringkat awal, Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli (JHEOA) yang sekarang dikenali sebagai JAKOA telah diberi tanggungjawab menguruskan pendidikan kepada masyarakat Orang Asli. Justeru, sekolah-sekolah dibina di Pos Keselamatan di pedalaman hutan yang menjadi kawasan kediaman Orang Asli dengan tujuan supaya membolehkan Orang Asli membaac dan mengira serta memenangi hati mereka agar tidak terpengaruh dengan gerakan komunis yang menentang Kerajaan Kolonial."

Text keturunan orang asli ...1 more

Tanah adat merupakan tanah yang...

"Tanah adat merupakan tanah yang diwarisi secara turun-temurun daripada nenek moyang kepada keturunannya. Tanah adat mempunyai ikatan yang kuat dengan Orang Asli Temuan dan perlu dipertahankan sebagai tanda menghormati nenek moyang."

Text kematian orang asli

Kebiasaannya mayat dikebumikan pada...

"Kebiasaannya mayat dikebumikan pada pukul 1.30 petang. Sebelum itu saudara-mara akan dibenarkna untuk melihat wajh mendiang buat kali terakhir sebagai tanda memberi penghormatan terakhir kepada mendiang. Selepas itu, keranda mayat akan ditutup dan dipakukan oleh anak mendiang. Kemudian, jenazah dibawa ke kawasan perkuburan dan diusung beramai-ramai."

Text Adat orang asli

Adat Mandi Serum dilakukan oleh...

"Adat Mandi Serum dilakukan oleh ibu dan anak. Tujuan mandi serum ialah agar ibu susah untuk ditimpa penyakit dan luka dalaman sembuh dengan cepat. Fungsi amndi serum untuk anak pula ialah supaya anakk cepat berdiri dan berjalan. Manddi serum perlu dilakukan sehingga habis tempoh berpantang."

Text Adat orang asli

Cerai mati berlaku apabila...

"Cerai mati berlaku apabila salah seorang dari suami isteri telah meninggal dunia. Cerai mati berlaku pada hari ke-100 selepas jenazah pasangannya dikebumikan. Cerai mati merupakan cara memaklumkan kepada orang ramai bahawa sesorang itu telah menjadi duda atau janda dan tidak lagi mempunyai ikatan dengan si mati."

Text Adat orang asli ...1 more

Adat mandi bedak perlu dilakukan oleh...

"Adat mandi bedak perlu dilakukan oleh kedua-dua ibu bapa pengantin lelaki dan pengantin perempuan. Ibu pengantin lelaki perlu memandikan menantu perempuan dan ibu pengantin perempuan memandikan menantu lelaki. Selain pengantin, pengapit pengantin turut terlibat dalam Adat Mandi Bedak kerana pengantin perlu membuang kemalik dan dosa yang terlekat pada diri mereka."

Text orang asli perkahwinan

Wali pengantin pereempuan akan mengisytiharkan peralatan adat atau lebih dikenali sebagai...

"Wali pengantin pereempuan akan mengisytiharkan peralatan adat atau lebih dikenali sebagai hantaran daripada pengantin lelaki. Wali pengantin perempuan akan menyebut dan menunjukkan satu per satu peralatan adat yang dibawa oleh pengantin lelaki. Setelah itu, wali pengantin lelaki turut melakukan perkara yang sama sambil disaksikan oleh saudara mara pengantin lelaki."

Text Adat orang asli ...1 more

Bujam Adat mempunyai fungsi lain selain fungsi...

"Bujam Adat mempunyai fungsi lain selain fungsi yang telah disenaraikan sebelum ini. Antanya ialah pertimbangan yang digunakan untuk menentukan hukuman yang sesuai dikenakan sekiranya Orang Asli Temuan melakukan sesuatu kesalahan."

Text kepimpinan orang asli

Kedudukan penggawa merupakan kedudukan yang paling akhir...

"Kedudukan penggawa merupakan kedudukan yang paling akhir dalam organisasi Lembaga Adat Orang Asli Temuan. Tugas penggawa membantu cekerah menjemput penduduk kampung menghadiri majlis yang dijalankan dalam kampung."

Text Malaysia orang asli ...1 more

Masyarakat peribumi di Malaysia terbahagi kepada dua...

"Masyarakat peribumi di Malaysia terbahagi kepada dua kategori iaitu Bumiputera dan Orang Asli. Peribumi merujuk kumpulan etnik natif di sesebuah wilayah yang dituntut dan dipertahankan sepenuhnya oleh sesebuah negara (Hasan, 1998). Ramle (2007), menyatakan bahawa Orang Asli merupakan satu istilah yang diguna pakai ke atas sekumpulan masyarakat peribumi di Semenanjung Malaysia. Istilah peribumi menjadi label istimewa dalam Perlembagaan Malaysia. Menurut Nicholas (2000), emreka dikenali sebagai Orang Asli kerana mereka ditafsirkan sebagai orang asli atau terawal di semenanjung. Orang Asli juga dikenali sebagai Orang Hulu, Orang Laut, Orang Liar, Pangan, Orang Mawas dan Orang Jinak (Nicholas, 2000 dan Ratos, 2006)."

Text orang asli women

Perhaps, it is an apt to conclude this report with the message of a song about a Semai...

"Perhaps, it is an apt to conclude this report with the message of a song about a Semai woman called Wak Bong. While the lyrics are recent, the melody and the musical accompaniment are traditional - precisely the marriage between the traditional and the modern that the preceding call refers to. Composed by Tijah, the lyrics speak to a sleepy, depressed Wak Bong, asking her to,

Wake up, Wak Bong.
Don't sleep any longer.
The sun has already risen.
Be brave and face the day.
Wake up."

Text orang asli socialization ...1 more

We also realised that Semai women today seem...

"We also realised that Semai women today seem to be under the men's power and control. The men themselves have assumed that they possess this authority over the women. They see their responsibility to the family in merely making sure that they get enough money for their wives and children. For this reason, some men feel that there is no need for women to attend meetings, since the men of the household will be there."

Text gaya hidup orang asli

In the past, Semai women wen with their menfolk to...

"In the past, Semai women wen with their menfolk to hunt for small animals such as birds (using sticky birdlime, cog ep), squirrels, monkeys and jungle fowl. While on these hunting trips, the women plucked cassava shoots or sourced out medicinal leaves or roots, fruits and wild yams, as well as other fragrant plants and leaves used to give their homes a pleasant aroma."

Text economy orang asli

Semai society is certainly no longer...

"Semai society is certainly no longer the fully 'traditional' society that the elders remember it to be. However, there are more reasons than the mythical defiance of Semai males like the bean-pod son in the story that have caused changes in the Semai natural order of things. Semai no longer live in relative isolation. On the contrary, they continue to be coerced into the modern economy where money is the accepted medium of exchange."

Text orang asli pertanian

After planting padi, the women plant...

"After planting padi, the women plant crops such as maize, cassava, yams, sweet potato, chillies, and some indigenous varieties of vegetables - e.g., bayam hik, kacang hik, serai, petola hik, asap teroq, teroq sentol - as well as some ritual flowers. The vegetables are usually harvested before the padi has ripened."

Text gaya hidup orang asli ...1 more

The Semai categorise their food sources according to...

"The Semai categorise their food sources according to three major categories: living things that inhabit the water, those that liev on land, and those that are able to fly. Each group of animals has its own place in nature. This is taken to be the natural order of things. Mixing foods from these different categories would be akin to mixing up the natural order."

Text gaya hidup kepercayaan ...1 more

The Semai of Kampung Chang Lama also relate fondly to the...

"The Semai of Kampung Chang Lama also relate fondly to the rivers and the fish (kaq) that aboud in them. The elders cherish recounting how, in the past, when one was hungry, one needed only to put the rice in the boil and go to the river to fish. By the time the rice was cooked, there would be sufficient fish to go along with it."

Text agama orang asli

It is clear therefore that religion in Semai...

"It is clear therefore that religion in Semai society has been used to sanction certain concepts that have inherent social values. These concepts provide guidelines for daily living and set the basis of an egalitarian social system. The effectiveness of such concepts rests on the Semai's acknowledgement that their religio-spiritual worldview is without flaw, and more importantly, that they believe in all of it."

Text Ekonomi gaya hidup ...1 more

The present settlement of Kampung Chang Lama covers...

"The present settlement of Kampung Chang Lama covers 245 acres (99.1 hectares) of dwellings and rubber smallholdings. From the eyes of the state government such land is still state land, although an application was made by JHEOA in1969 to have the land gazetted as an Orang Asli reserve. Of the 302 individuals of working age in the community, 9 are civil servants (mainly with the JHEOA), 15 are employed in the private sector, while the majority (278) are selff-employed or, more precisely, farmers and rubber-tappers."

orang asli socialization ...1 more

Thus, one of the saddest outcome...

"Thus, one of the saddest outcome of this imposition by, and then absorption of, the dominant culture is that Orang Asli women take on a more secondary role in both the Orang Asli community and the wider society at large. Their involvement in the social and political domain becomes increasingly limited and restricted."

Text asimilasi culture ...2 more

The policy of integration with the mainstream is frequently used to justify...

"The policy of integration with the mainstream is frequently used to justify the objective of the 'Islamisation of the whole Orang Asli community' (JHEOA 1983: 2). As part of a variety of 'positive descrimination' policies, Orang Asli who convert to Islam could expect to be rewarded with material benefits both individually (e.g., cash incentive, housing, new clothes) and through community development projects (e.g., electricity and water supply, telephone connection, roads) 9HEOA 1983; Berita Harian, 26 November 1991; Berita Harian, 11 February 1998). Nevertheless, the major impact of a policy of Islamisation among Orang Asli is that Orang Asli culture and tradition are expected to give way to those sanctioned by the new religion."

Text Malaysia orang asli

The Orang Asli are the indigenous minority peoples of...

"The Orang Asli are the indigenous minority peoples of Peninsular Malaysia. The term which transliterates as 'original peoples' or 'first peoples', is a collective term for the 19 ethnic sub-groups officially classified for administrative purposes under Negrito, Senoi and Aboriginal Malay. They differ, sometimes widely, in physical features, economic lifestyle, social organisation, religion and language."

Text orang asli

Of course this distinction can be overdrawn. Some Semai are defensive...

"Of course this distinction can be overdrawn. Some Semai are defensive and intolerant. Many Malays, like the herbalist from Grik, are flexible and intellectually curious. But a history of exploitation sets exploiters up to be ignorant. The notion that disreputable people have disreputable ideas scarcely worth hearing out seems to grow inevitably out of hierarchical social arrangements."

Text gaya hidup orang asli

Because the outside world had become so fearsome, Semai turned...

"Because the outside world had become so fearsome, Semai turned inward, developing an ideology in which loving one's friends and neighbours became a matter of survival, and quarreling a threat to one's life. A number of ways emerged to minimise violence within the society."

Text Ekonomi orang asli

According to Pion Bumbun, a full-time carver and the most...

"According to Pion Bumbun, a full-time carver and the most gifted in Kg. Sg. Bumbun, Carey Island, it used to take him less than a few hours to locate a mature ni[R]eh batu tree for his carvings. A mature tree could produce more than 10 pieces of carvings worth about RM500.00 each, making the commercail value of the tree about RM5000.00. Besides, the wood could be kept for months soaked in water and would be as good as if it was freshly cut, when it is used months later."

Text orang asli pahang

Chewong live in west-central Pahang, in an area that was...

"Chewong live in west-central Pahang, in an area that was not visited by Europeans until 1936 (Ogilvie, 1940; 1948; 1949). It lies to the west of the Pahang river, to the north of the Semantan river and to the south of the Krau river. Westwards, their territory used to stretch to present day Bentong and Raub and the main mountains-which had orientational as well as symbolic significance-were Gn. Pallas and Gn. Benom (Fig. 1)."

Text orang asli

Temiar kniship is inclusive in scope: all Temiars, and indeed...

"Temiar kniship is inclusive in scope: all Temiars, and indeed all members if the neighbouring Orang Asli groups, are regarded as kin or potential kin. Two strangers who have newly met will each search their genealogical knowledge until they find one or more knispeople in common, whereupon they will enter into an appropriate kinship relationship."

Text kelantan orang asli ...2 more

The Temiars of the upland parts of...

"The Temiars of the upland parts of Kelantan, Perak and northern Pahang form one of the largest Orang Asli (Aboriginal) populations of Peninsular Malaysia, but because of their relative isolation, they have been less studied than the other large populations. (See Map 1, p.126) For many decades, entry into Temiar territory was strictly controlled, under security restrictions that began in 1948 with the anti-Communist 'Emergency'."

Text bahasa orang asli

Aslian vowel systems are very full, for...

"Aslian vowel systems are very full, for there are usually at least nine significantly different tongue positions (compared to the five or six of Standard Malay). The vowels of Jah Hut are typical, but some languages have even more complicated systems, such as the Kampar dialect of Semai (Figure 3)."

Text bahasa orang asli

Although we can never manage to sustain all of the world's...

"Although we can never manage to sustain all of the world's endangered languages, we still need to record them for posterity. Some thousands of languages don't even have word-lists, let alone dictionaries or grammars. If these were to die out without record, the loss of the knowledge would be irreversible."

Text bahasa orang asli

As discussed earlier, the Kensiew speakers are...

"As discussed earlier, the Kensiew speakers are daily making language choices in their interactions with both Thai and Pattani-Malay speakers. To date, the Maniq have chosen to maintain their mother tongue as their primary language for intercommunication among themselves. It remains to be seen if they will continue to make this same choice in succeeding generations."

Text economy education ...1 more

The greater Baansakai community not only includes the Maniq settlement, but...

"The greater Baansakai community not only includes the Maniq settlement, but also a mixed community of Pattani-Malay speakers and Southern Thai speakers, the Malay speakers constituting the majority of the greater community. The primary economic industries of the entire village are harvesting rubber latex and a variety of fruits. There is a primary school offering grades 1-4, Standard Thai being the medium of instruction."

Text Islam orang asli

As for Kenaboi dan the Mantra, there is a strong possibility that...

"As for Kenaboi dan the Mantra, there is a strong possibility that they became Islamised and over the century have come to be known as Malay, while certain groups in Negeri Sembilan assimilated with the Temuan/Blandas and lost their ethnic distinctiveness. These groups were living in areas of the most intensive in-migration movements from Sumatra; Malay and nineteenth century when they arrived at Melaka and Naning."

Text Ekonomi gaya hidup ...1 more

The Negrito as seen in the Kintak Bong, have traditionally...

"The Negrito as seen in the Kintak Bong, have traditionally depended on hunting and gathering activities to fulfill all their daily requirements, but this situation is rapidly changing as they become increasingly dependent on economic exchange with the outsiders, including waged labour. Their traditional economic activities, however, still play a role and the forest is still an important component of their subsistence base. Nomadism and semi nomadism is a survival strategy, both economically and politically."

Text gaya hidup orang asli

Since they do not have any heavy furniture...

"Since they do not have any heavy furniture or equipment and their shelters are no more than the worthless flora, the actual process of movement is very simple. The shifting must be initiated by the elder. although the younger may give suggestions. Before any movement, the elders will propose reasons why the band should move and a decision is made on the site of the next camp."

Text orang asli pertanian

Once the harvesting was completed, women...

"Once the harvesting was completed, women used a sharp bamboo (di') to shred the rice grains from the stalk. The grains were first roasted (hawo') and then pounded in a wooden mortar (halu'). These tasks may all have been performed in the fields to economise on time and energy required to carry rice grain back to the house every day."

Text orang asli pembangunan

Over the last decade, the Department of Orang Asli Affairs (Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli) has shifted...

"Over the last decade, the Department of Orang Asli Affairs (Jabatan Hal Ehwal Orang Asli) has shifted from the Ministries of Agriculture and Rural Development to Culture and Tourism and now National Unity and Social Development, depending on political trends and national interest relating to the Orang Asli. Since independence in 1957, the Orang Asli has never been successfully identified to this department nor obtained direct channels of communication with relevant government officials within this department on their problems and interests. The policy of this department which is assimilation through Islamisation and mainstream development remains controversial."

Text Malay orang asli

The study of Orang Asli-Malay minority-majority relations necessitates...

"The study of Orang Asli-Malay minority-majority relations necessitates an understanding of social realities in the uneven access to political and socio-economic resources. It is also concerned with understanding concepts of justice, freedom, autonomy within minority indigenous democratic worldviews which have evolved to explain and rectify imbalances in rights over land, housing, security, education, language and culture. For the Orang Asli, many of these notions of indigenous democracy provided equitable rules of social relations and behaviour, in an environment where scarce resources necessitated redistributive system which were more egalitarian than hierarchical."

Text orang asli parlimen ...1 more

The main thrust of these recommendations is that Orang Asli want...

"The main thrust of these recommendations is that Orang Asli want development and integration into mainstream society, but with their ethnic identities intact. In many ways the recommendations recall the Statement of Policy of 1961, which was abandoned in part after the government adopted the assimilation policy. These recommendations also echo those in the "Memorandum" that came from a conference of twenty-sever Orang Asli headmen from numerous groups in 1982 (Means 1985-1986:649-652; New Straits Times 1982a)."

Text Islam kristian ...1 more

The Department's goal of converting Orang Asli to Islam also requires...

"The Department's goal of converting Orang Asli to Islam also requires keeping them from adopting other religions. The JHEOA skirts the Constitutional guarantee of religious freedom by using powers set out in the Aboriginal Peoples Act to exclude Christian missionaries from Orang Asli communities."

Text kemiskinan orang asli

On the whole the government's economic programs both...

"On the whole the government's economic programs both inside and outside of regroupment schemes have failed to benefit Orang Asli. Most Orang Asli are actually worse off now than they were before the government began its efforts to "develop" their economies. JHEOA Director-General Hassan Ishak concedes that Orang Asli are the poorest Malaysians, making about M$2100 (US$830) annually by government estimates (as opposed to the average income of M$7600)."

Text economy orang asli ...1 more

The JHEOA goal in regroupment schemes is to...

"The JHEOA goal in regroupment schemes is to foster cash-crop arboriculture. The favored crop is rubber, though the price of rubber is generally low and subject to wild variations depending on world market demand. probably the Department continues to favor rubber because it requires little skill to grow and process, needs minimal equipment, and fits Departmental expertise."

Text Ekonomi orang asli ...1 more

Contrary to the claims of some government officials, Orang Asli are not against...

"Contrary to the claims of some government officials, Orang Asli are not against development. The Semai who held logs hostage in Pahang wanted development (a road, piped water, electricity), not money. The Temuan in Negeri Sembilan who applied for a license to log their reserve wanted to use the profits to invest in rubber and durian orchards. Left to their own devices, Orang Asli welcome development, provided that it is on their terms and meets at least some of their needs."

Text development economy ...1 more

For Orang Asli, the benefits of developing golf courses and resorts are...

"For Orang Asli, the benefits of developing golf courses and resorts are indirect at best. It takes two or three hundred workers to build a golf course. but only about forty to run it, fewer if it is mechanized. A few Semai with the equivalent of a high school diploma have jobs at resorts in the Cameron Highlands. In general, however, these jobs are no better than the ones they replace: occasional labor as rural proletarians collecting forest products or working in the fields."

Text eksport orang asli

The harshest activity with the harshest impact on Orang Asli is...

"The harshest activity with the harshest impact on Orang Asli is logging, a prerequisite to most development projects. Although Malaysia is well known for its export of manufactures, palm oil, rubber, and tin, the two exports which made in the most money in the 1980s were oil and timber. Malaysia's reputation for reckless destruction of rainforest stems largely from its activities in Sabah and Sarawak, which are beyond the scope of this report."

Text asimilasi Melayu ...1 more

In the late 1970s, however, the government began a program for converting all Orang Asli to...

"In the late 1970s, however, the government began a program for converting all Orang Asli to Islam (JHEOA 1983; Mohd Tap 1990:228; see Chapter 5). This reflected a shift in the government's goal from integration to asimilation, which would result in Orang Asli being absorbed into the Malay Population."

Text orang asli perlembagaan negara

The Federal Constitution (Malaysian Government 1982) recognizes Orang Asli as...

"The Federal Constitution (Malaysian Government 1982) recognizes Orang Asli as citizens, who, in theory, are guaranteed the same rights as all other citizens. These rights include equal treatment before the law, equal access to public education, equal right to own property, freedom of speech and peaceful assembly, and freedom to form associations."

Text cina history ...3 more

In December 1941 the Japanese invaded the Peninsula and occupied it until 1945. During that period most Orang Asli...

"In December 1941 the Japanese invaded the Peninsula and occupied it until 1945. During that period most Orang Asli retreated into the forest and avoided contact with the outside world. They shared the forest with the Malayan Peoples Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), a Communist-dominated guerrilla force that formed the only effective resistance to the Japanese occupiers. The MPAJA, mostly Chinese, received support from Chinese squatters and villagers, who the Japanese treated cruelly."

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